Question 1

Which infant is unable to actively influence his environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Andrew, who is blind 
B)  Bobby, who is paralyzed 
C)  Elias, who is severely cognitively impaired 
D)  Andrew, Bobby, and Elias are all able to actively influence their environments. 
A)  Andrew, who is blind 
B)  Bobby, who is paralyzed 
C)  Elias, who is severely cognitively impaired 
D)  Andrew, Bobby, and Elias are all able to actively influence their environments.

Question 2

Which assertion is TRUE of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prenatal development is essentially completely due to nature, except when teratogens are involved. 
B)  Prenatal development is purely the unfolding of innate potential. 
C)  There are innumerable interactions between nature and nurture in the womb. 
D)  The interaction of nature and nurture is limited to the control of the effects of nurture by the nature of the mother. 
A)  Prenatal development is essentially completely due to nature, except when teratogens are involved. 
B)  Prenatal development is purely the unfolding of innate potential. 
C)  There are innumerable interactions between nature and nurture in the womb. 
D)  The interaction of nature and nurture is limited to the control of the effects of nurture by the nature of the mother.

Question 3

Which statement about the effect of timing on the relation between nature and nurture is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nature only influences the nurture of human beings once they are born. 
B)  Nurture only influences the nature of human beings once they are born. 
C)  The effects of a particular kind of nurture depend on the nature of the child at the time of the experience. 
D)  A particular kind of nurture will generally exert its effect regardless of the nature of the child at the time of the experience. 
A)  Nature only influences the nurture of human beings once they are born. 
B)  Nurture only influences the nature of human beings once they are born. 
C)  The effects of a particular kind of nurture depend on the nature of the child at the time of the experience. 
D)  A particular kind of nurture will generally exert its effect regardless of the nature of the child at the time of the experience.

Question 4

The continuous or discontinuous nature of development is dependent on

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetics. 
B)  the timescale being considered. 
C)  the cognitive change mechanisms involved. 
D)  the behavioral change mechanisms involved. 
A)  epigenetics. 
B)  the timescale being considered. 
C)  the cognitive change mechanisms involved. 
D)  the behavioral change mechanisms involved.

Question 5

An example of a behavioral change mechanism is

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognition. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  synaptic pruning. 
D)  children's informal theories. 
A)  metacognition. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  synaptic pruning. 
D)  children's informal theories.

Question 6

Which statement about historical changes in the United States is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nearly all historical changes have improved the lives of children. 
B)  Nearly all historical changes have worsened the lives of children. 
C)  Most historical changes have not affected the lives of children for better or for worse. 
D)  Some historical changes have been positive and some negative; some have made life different, but neither better nor worse. 
A)  Nearly all historical changes have improved the lives of children. 
B)  Nearly all historical changes have worsened the lives of children. 
C)  Most historical changes have not affected the lives of children for better or for worse. 
D)  Some historical changes have been positive and some negative; some have made life different, but neither better nor worse.

Question 7

Which of these does NOT demonstrate that nature does not all reveal itself at birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  pubertal development 
B)  nearsightedness 
C)  depression during adolescence 
D)  the social smile 
A)  pubertal development 
B)  nearsightedness 
C)  depression during adolescence 
D)  the social smile

Question 8

Mark was generally a shy toddler. Based on the continuity of personality characteristics, it can be expected that Mark will be _____ as an adult.

Accepted Answer

A)  shy 
B)  exuberant 
C)  extraverted 
D)  intelligent 
A)  shy 
B)  exuberant 
C)  extraverted 
D)  intelligent

Question 9

According to Piaget, through _____, children revise their existing mental structures in accordance with new experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetics 
B)  assimilation 
C)  accommodation 
D)  mechanisms 
A)  epigenetics 
B)  assimilation 
C)  accommodation 
D)  mechanisms

Question 10

When do nature and nurture begin interacting?

Accepted Answer

A)  prenatally 
B)  at birth 
C)  in infancy 
D)  after infancy 
A)  prenatally 
B)  at birth 
C)  in infancy 
D)  after infancy

Question 11

Which statement provides an example of a behavioral change mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synapses that are not needed are reduced. 
B)  Individuals generalize from one instance to another. 
C)  Children who are athletic seek out athletic activities. 
D)  Parents use social scaffolding to help children learn. 
A)  Synapses that are not needed are reduced. 
B)  Individuals generalize from one instance to another. 
C)  Children who are athletic seek out athletic activities. 
D)  Parents use social scaffolding to help children learn.

Question 12

Habituation is a mechanism of change in that it

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in every normal child. 
B)  is exhibited as early as before birth. 
C)  motivates babies to learn by seeking new stimulation. 
D)  is developed by six months of age. 
A)  occurs in every normal child. 
B)  is exhibited as early as before birth. 
C)  motivates babies to learn by seeking new stimulation. 
D)  is developed by six months of age.

Question 13

Whether one primarily sees continuities or discontinuities in development is, to a great deal, dependent on which factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  domain of development 
B)  whether one is looking at infants, young children, older children, or adolescents 
C)  the breadth of one's focus 
D)  whether one considers nature or nurture to be at the core of development 
A)  domain of development 
B)  whether one is looking at infants, young children, older children, or adolescents 
C)  the breadth of one's focus 
D)  whether one considers nature or nurture to be at the core of development

Question 14

Which statement about the stability of individual differences in the intellectual domain and in the social domain is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither domain shows a great deal of stability. 
B)  The intellectual domain shows a great deal of stability, but the social domain does not. 
C)  The social domain shows a great deal of stability, but the intellectual domain does not. 
D)  Both domains show some stability, but stability is greater in the intellectual domain. 
A)  Neither domain shows a great deal of stability. 
B)  The intellectual domain shows a great deal of stability, but the social domain does not. 
C)  The social domain shows a great deal of stability, but the intellectual domain does not. 
D)  Both domains show some stability, but stability is greater in the intellectual domain.

Question 15

Which assertion is an assumption of stage theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not all children pass through stages in the same order. 
B)  Transitions between stages can take a long time. 
C)  When children are in a given stage, a broad range of their behavior is consistent with that stage. 
D)  Transitions between stages are sporadic. 
A)  Not all children pass through stages in the same order. 
B)  Transitions between stages can take a long time. 
C)  When children are in a given stage, a broad range of their behavior is consistent with that stage. 
D)  Transitions between stages are sporadic.

Question 16

Which statement provides an example of a cognitive change mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synapses that are not needed are reduced. 
B)  Individuals generalize from one instance to another. 
C)  Children who are athletic seek out athletic activities. 
D)  Parents use social scaffolding to help children learn. 
A)  Synapses that are not needed are reduced. 
B)  Individuals generalize from one instance to another. 
C)  Children who are athletic seek out athletic activities. 
D)  Parents use social scaffolding to help children learn.

Question 17

The adorable nature of babies in their appearance and their coos and smiles is a particularly good example of which process?

Accepted Answer

A)  nature eliciting nurture 
B)  the importance of timing 
C)  nature revealing itself over time 
D)  the importance of the active interpretation of experience 
A)  nature eliciting nurture 
B)  the importance of timing 
C)  nature revealing itself over time 
D)  the importance of the active interpretation of experience

Question 18

According to Piaget, through _____, children interpret new experiences in terms of their existing mental structures.

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetics 
B)  assimilation 
C)  accommodation 
D)  mechanisms 
A)  epigenetics 
B)  assimilation 
C)  accommodation 
D)  mechanisms

Question 19

Stacey and Sam are siblings. While they are similar in some ways, such as eye and hair color, they are also quite different. Explain how these individual differences may have occurred.

Accepted Answer

Individual differences between Stacey an

Question 20

Gender-segregated play is not generally imposed on children by adults but rather initiated by the children themselves. This demonstrates that gender segregation is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  self-initiated activity. 
B)  behavioral change mechanism. 
C)  cognitive change mechanism. 
D)  biological change mechanism. 
A)  self-initiated activity. 
B)  behavioral change mechanism. 
C)  cognitive change mechanism. 
D)  biological change mechanism.

Which infant is unable to actively influence his environment?

Which assertion is TRUE of prenatal development?

Which statement about the effect of timing on the relation between nature and nurture is TRUE?

The continuous or discontinuous nature of development is dependent on

An example of a behavioral change mechanism is

Which statement about historical changes in the United States is TRUE?

Which of these does NOT demonstrate that nature does not all reveal itself at birth?

Mark was generally a shy toddler. Based on the continuity of personality characteristics, it can be expected that Mark will be _____ as an adult.

According to Piaget, through _____, children revise their existing mental structures in accordance with new experiences.

When do nature and nurture begin interacting?

Which statement provides an example of a behavioral change mechanism?

Habituation is a mechanism of change in that it

Whether one primarily sees continuities or discontinuities in development is, to a great deal, dependent on which factor?

Which statement about the stability of individual differences in the intellectual domain and in the social domain is TRUE?

Which assertion is an assumption of stage theories?

Which statement provides an example of a cognitive change mechanism?

The adorable nature of babies in their appearance and their coos and smiles is a particularly good example of which process?

According to Piaget, through _____, children interpret new experiences in terms of their existing mental structures.

Stacey and Sam are siblings. While they are similar in some ways, such as eye and hair color, they are also quite different. Explain how these individual differences may have occurred.

Gender-segregated play is not generally imposed on children by adults but rather initiated by the children themselves. This demonstrates that gender segregation is a(n)

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters

Exam 16: Conclusions

Which infant is unable to actively influence his environment?

Which assertion is TRUE of prenatal development?

Which statement about the effect of timing on the relation between nature and nurture is TRUE?

The continuous or discontinuous nature of development is dependent on

An example of a behavioral change mechanism is

Which statement about historical changes in the United States is TRUE?

Which of these does NOT demonstrate that nature does not all reveal itself at birth?

Mark was generally a shy toddler. Based on the continuity of personality characteristics, it can be expected that Mark will be _____ as an adult.

According to Piaget, through _____, children revise their existing mental structures in accordance with new experiences.

When do nature and nurture begin interacting?

Which statement provides an example of a behavioral change mechanism?

Habituation is a mechanism of change in that it

Whether one primarily sees continuities or discontinuities in development is, to a great deal, dependent on which factor?

Which statement about the stability of individual differences in the intellectual domain and in the social domain is TRUE?

Which assertion is an assumption of stage theories?

Which statement provides an example of a cognitive change mechanism?

The adorable nature of babies in their appearance and their coos and smiles is a particularly good example of which process?

According to Piaget, through _____, children interpret new experiences in terms of their existing mental structures.

Stacey and Sam are siblings. While they are similar in some ways, such as eye and hair color, they are also quite different. Explain how these individual differences may have occurred.

Gender-segregated play is not generally imposed on children by adults but rather initiated by the children themselves. This demonstrates that gender segregation is a(n)

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters