Exam 7: The Experimental Research Strategy.

Why is a confounding variable unacceptable in a true experiment?

The purpose of an experiment is to demonstrate that changes in one variable are responsible for causing changes in a second variable.

The possibility that an extraneous variable can become a confounding variable is eliminated completely by holding it constant.

Although field studies tend to have higher external validity that traditional laboratory studies,they also tend to have ____.

A researcher intends to compare two different treatment conditions.Participants for the first treatment are selected and tested early in the school semester,and participants for the second treatment are selected and tested late in the semester.In this study,the time-of-testing represents a confounding variable.

A recent study reports that the more sexual content that adolescents watch on TV,the more likely they were to engage in sexual behaviors.However,it is unclear whether the sexual content on TV leads to sexual behavior or whether sexual behavior leads to a preference for sexual content on TV.This is an example of the third-variable problem.

In order to establish an unambiguous cause-and-effect relationship between two variables,it is necessary to eliminate the possible influence of extraneous variables.

In order to establish an unambiguous relationship between two variables,it is necessary to eliminate the possible influence of ____ variables.

Results from a research study indicate that athletes who were given an electrolyte drink had better endurance scores on a treadmill task than athletes who were given water.For this study,the independent variable is water versus electrolyte drink.

How do studies using the experimental research strategy differ from other types of research?

Describe and differentiate the three methods to control extraneous variables.

A researcher has observed that children who eat more sugar tend to show a higher level of activity than children who eat less sugar.However,the researcher suspects that the apparent relationship may be explained by the fact that some children have a higher rate of metabolism,which causes them to eat more and to be more active compared to children with a lower rate of metabolism who eat less and are less active.This is an example of the ____.

In an experiment examining how alcohol influences male judgments of female attractiveness,one group of participants is given non-alcoholic beer before they make their judgments.This would be classified as a placebo control condition.

Simulation and field studies are used to increase the external validity of experiments.

What is the advantage of a simulation compared to a traditional laboratory study?

Explain why manipulation of an independent variable is a necessary component of an experiment.

In an experiment,the process of manipulation involves changing the value of the dependent variable from one treatment condition to another.

All experiments must have either a no-treatment control group or a placebo control group.

In an experiment,a confounding variable is a(n)____.

Holding a variable constant is a technique for removing one threat to ____ but it can limit the ____ of an experiment.