Question 1

A time-series design is a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​nonexperimental study 
B) ​quasi-experimental study 
C) experiment 
D) ​correlational study 
A) ​nonexperimental study 
B) ​quasi-experimental study 
C) experiment 
D) ​correlational study B

Question 2

The concept of nonequivalent groups means ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​the researcher cannot control which people go into each group and cannot ensure that the groups are equivalent. 
B) ​the two groups have completely different characteristics. 
C) the researcher has randomly assigned people to groups so there is no guarantee that the groups are equal. 
D) ​the number of participants is different from one group to another. 
A) ​the researcher cannot control which people go into each group and cannot ensure that the groups are equivalent. 
B) ​the two groups have completely different characteristics. 
C) the researcher has randomly assigned people to groups so there is no guarantee that the groups are equal. 
D) ​the number of participants is different from one group to another. A

Question 3

Pre-post designs are threatened by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​factors related to the passage of time 
B) ​factors related to differences between groups 
C) assignment bias 
D) ​differential attrition 
A) ​factors related to the passage of time 
B) ​factors related to differences between groups 
C) assignment bias 
D) ​differential attrition A

Question 4

A problem with nonequivalent group designs is that any differences found could be explained by differences in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​participant characteristics 
B) ​history 
C) instrumentation 
D) ​testing effects 
A) ​participant characteristics 
B) ​history 
C) instrumentation 
D) ​testing effects

Question 5

In a pretest-posttest design,a researcher makes multiple observations before and after the introduction of a treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the appropriate statistical analysis for comparing non-numerical data for a differential design comparing samples representing two populations?

Accepted Answer

A) ​independent-measures t test 
B) ​repeated-measures t test 
C) independent-measures analysis of variance 
D) ​chi-square test for independence 
A) ​independent-measures t test 
B) ​repeated-measures t test 
C) independent-measures analysis of variance 
D) ​chi-square test for independence

Question 7

A researcher is examining cooperation between peers by observing children at six years,eight years,and ten years old.If the researcher uses a cross-sectional design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​20 
B) ​40 
C) 60 
D) ​120 
A) ​20 
B) ​40 
C) 60 
D) ​120

Question 8

Which of these designs comes closest to being a true experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) ​a time-series design 
B) ​a pretest-posttest design 
C) a differential design 
D) ​a pretest-only nonequivalent control group design 
A) ​a time-series design 
B) ​a pretest-posttest design 
C) a differential design 
D) ​a pretest-only nonequivalent control group design

Question 9

A researcher comparing depression scores before and after treatment in one group of clients,is using a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design 
B) ​differential research design 
C) pre-post design 
D) ​post-test only nonequivalent control group design 
A) ​pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design 
B) ​differential research design 
C) pre-post design 
D) ​post-test only nonequivalent control group design

Question 10

A researcher records participants' weights every Friday for three weeks prior to administering a diet education program and for three weeks following the program.This study is an example of a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​time-series design 
B) ​interrupted time-series design 
C) cross-sectional design 
D) ​longitudinal design 
A) ​time-series design 
B) ​interrupted time-series design 
C) cross-sectional design 
D) ​longitudinal design

Question 11

A research study that compared married men,divorced men,and single adult men is an example of the differential research design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A researcher compares preexisting groups of individuals in which type of study?

Accepted Answer

A) ​between-subjects experiment 
B) ​within-subjects experiment 
C) nonequivalent group design 
D) ​pre-post design 
A) ​between-subjects experiment 
B) ​within-subjects experiment 
C) nonequivalent group design 
D) ​pre-post design

Question 13

History effects occur in nonequivalent group designs because the groups probably have different participant characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Although nonexperiments resemble true experiments,they contain ____ and cannot ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​threats to internal validity; generalize to other situations 
B) ​threats to external validity; generalize to other situations 
C) threats to internal validity; establish causal relationships 
D) ​threats to external validity; establish causal relationships 
A) ​threats to internal validity; generalize to other situations 
B) ​threats to external validity; generalize to other situations 
C) threats to internal validity; establish causal relationships 
D) ​threats to external validity; establish causal relationships

Question 15

Last year,the state increased the speed limit on one section of highway from 55 to 65 mph.To evaluate the effect of the change,a researcher gathered accident reports for six months before the change and for six months after the change.This is an example of a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​time-series design 
B) ​interrupted time-series design 
C) cross-sectional design 
D) ​longitudinal design 
A) ​time-series design 
B) ​interrupted time-series design 
C) cross-sectional design 
D) ​longitudinal design

Question 16

Quasi-experimental studies attempt to minimize threats to validity but nonexperimental studies make little or no attempt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A researcher introduces a new mathematics program in one school district and uses a neighboring district as a no-treatment control group.Before the program begins,the students in both districts are given a standardized mathematics test.After the program is in place for six months,the students are tested again and the researcher compares the before and after scores for the two groups.This research study is classified as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​correlational 
B) ​experimental 
C) quasi-experimental 
D) ​nonexperimental 
A) ​correlational 
B) ​experimental 
C) quasi-experimental 
D) ​nonexperimental

Question 18

Which research design is being used by a researcher comparing self-esteem scores for children from divorced families versus scores for children from families with no divorce?

Accepted Answer

A) ​differential research design 
B) ​pretest-only nonequivalent control group design 
C) pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design 
D) ​time-series design 
A) ​differential research design 
B) ​pretest-only nonequivalent control group design 
C) pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design 
D) ​time-series design

Question 19

A pretest-posttest study is an example of a nonequivalent groups design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In nonexperimental and quasi-experimental studies,different groups or conditions are defined in terms of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​independent variables 
B) ​dependent variables 
C) pre-existing participant variables or time 
D) ​treatment conditions 
A) ​independent variables 
B) ​dependent variables 
C) pre-existing participant variables or time 
D) ​treatment conditions

A time-series design is a(n)____.

The concept of nonequivalent groups means ____.

Pre-post designs are threatened by ____.

A problem with nonequivalent group designs is that any differences found could be explained by differences in ____.

In a pretest-posttest design,a researcher makes multiple observations before and after the introduction of a treatment.

What is the appropriate statistical analysis for comparing non-numerical data for a differential design comparing samples representing two populations?

A researcher is examining cooperation between peers by observing children at six years,eight years,and ten years old.If the researcher uses a cross-sectional design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?

Which of these designs comes closest to being a true experiment?

A researcher comparing depression scores before and after treatment in one group of clients,is using a(n)____.

A researcher records participants' weights every Friday for three weeks prior to administering a diet education program and for three weeks following the program.This study is an example of a(n)____.

A research study that compared married men,divorced men,and single adult men is an example of the differential research design.

A researcher compares preexisting groups of individuals in which type of study?

History effects occur in nonequivalent group designs because the groups probably have different participant characteristics.

Although nonexperiments resemble true experiments,they contain and cannot .

Last year,the state increased the speed limit on one section of highway from 55 to 65 mph.To evaluate the effect of the change,a researcher gathered accident reports for six months before the change and for six months after the change.This is an example of a(n)____.

Quasi-experimental studies attempt to minimize threats to validity but nonexperimental studies make little or no attempt.

Which research design is being used by a researcher comparing self-esteem scores for children from divorced families versus scores for children from families with no divorce?

A pretest-posttest study is an example of a nonequivalent groups design.

In nonexperimental and quasi-experimental studies,different groups or conditions are defined in terms of ____.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

Factorial Designs.

The Correlational Research Strategy.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Exam 10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

A time-series design is a(n)____.

The concept of nonequivalent groups means ____.

Pre-post designs are threatened by ____.

A problem with nonequivalent group designs is that any differences found could be explained by differences in ____.

In a pretest-posttest design,a researcher makes multiple observations before and after the introduction of a treatment.

What is the appropriate statistical analysis for comparing non-numerical data for a differential design comparing samples representing two populations?

A researcher is examining cooperation between peers by observing children at six years,eight years,and ten years old.If the researcher uses a cross-sectional design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?​

Which of these designs comes closest to being a true experiment?

A researcher comparing depression scores before and after treatment in one group of clients,is using a(n)____.

A researcher records participants' weights every Friday for three weeks prior to administering a diet education program and for three weeks following the program.This study is an example of a(n)____.

A research study that compared married men,divorced men,and single adult men is an example of the differential research design.

A researcher compares preexisting groups of individuals in which type of study?

History effects occur in nonequivalent group designs because the groups probably have different participant characteristics.

Although nonexperiments resemble true experiments,they contain ____ and cannot ____.

Last year,the state increased the speed limit on one section of highway from 55 to 65 mph.To evaluate the effect of the change,a researcher gathered accident reports for six months before the change and for six months after the change.This is an example of a(n)____.

Quasi-experimental studies attempt to minimize threats to validity but nonexperimental studies make little or no attempt.

Which research design is being used by a researcher comparing self-esteem scores for children from divorced families versus scores for children from families with no divorce?

A pretest-posttest study is an example of a nonequivalent groups design.

In nonexperimental and quasi-experimental studies,different groups or conditions are defined in terms of ____.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

Factorial Designs.

The Correlational Research Strategy.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

A researcher is examining cooperation between peers by observing children at six years,eight years,and ten years old.If the researcher uses a cross-sectional design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?

Although nonexperiments resemble true experiments,they contain and cannot .