Question 1

Because there is a strong positive correlation between depression and risk of divorce,we can conclude that depression causes divorce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

When students apply to graduate school,they usually are required to submit GRE scores along with their applications.College officials know that there is a good relationship between scores on the GRE and success in graduate school.In this situation,success in graduate school is best characterized as the ____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) ​predictor 
B) ​criterion 
C) dependent 
D) ​independent 
A) ​predictor 
B) ​criterion 
C) dependent 
D) ​independent B

Question 3

Describe what is meant by a "negative relationship between two variables."

Accepted Answer

​In a negative relationship there is a tendency for increases in one variable to be accompanied by decreases in the other variable.The two variables tend to move in opposite directions.

Question 4

Which correlation is appropriate for measuring the relationship between gender (male/female)and performance on a task (success/failure)?

Accepted Answer

A) ​the Pearson correlation 
B) ​the Spearman correlation 
C) the point-biserial correlation 
D) ​the phi-coefficient 
A) ​the Pearson correlation 
B) ​the Spearman correlation 
C) the point-biserial correlation 
D) ​the phi-coefficient

Question 5

The direction of a relationship between variables is indicated by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​sign of the correlation 
B) ​numerical value of the correlation 
C) type of correlation (Pearson or Spearman) 
D) ​statistical significance of the correlation 
A) ​sign of the correlation 
B) ​numerical value of the correlation 
C) type of correlation (Pearson or Spearman) 
D) ​statistical significance of the correlation

Question 6

Correlations are often used to help demonstrate the reliability and validity of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The results from a correlational study show a positive relationship between aggressive behavior for six-year-old children and the amount of violence they watch on television.Based on this relationship,which of the following conclusions is justified?

Accepted Answer

A) ​Decreasing the amount of violence that the children see on TV will reduce their aggressive behavior. 
B) ​Increasing the amount of violence that the children see on TV will increase their       aggressive behavior. 
C) Children who watch more TV violence tend to exhibit more aggressive behavior. 
D) ​Children who are prone to being aggressive have a preference for violent TV programs. 
A) ​Decreasing the amount of violence that the children see on TV will reduce their aggressive behavior. 
B) ​Increasing the amount of violence that the children see on TV will increase their       aggressive behavior. 
C) Children who watch more TV violence tend to exhibit more aggressive behavior. 
D) ​Children who are prone to being aggressive have a preference for violent TV programs.

Question 8

Describe the differences between a correlational study and differential research.

Accepted Answer

Although both a correlational study and

Question 9

A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students who hold on to exams until the last possible moment.The correlation between exam score and amount of time spent on the exam is an example of a ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​positive correlation 
B) ​negative correlation 
C) correlation near zero 
D) ​correlation near one 
A) ​positive correlation 
B) ​negative correlation 
C) correlation near zero 
D) ​correlation near one

Question 10

The Spearman correlation measures the degree ____,

Accepted Answer

A) ​to which the relationship is causal 
B) ​of linear relationship 
C) of curvilinear relationship 
D) ​of monotonic relationship 
A) ​to which the relationship is causal 
B) ​of linear relationship 
C) of curvilinear relationship 
D) ​of monotonic relationship

Question 11

A researcher reports a positive relationship between sugar consumption and activity level for a group of eight-year-old children.However,the researcher cannot be sure whether the extra sugar is causing the children to be more active or whether the extra activity is causing the children to eat more sugar.This is an example of the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​third-variable problem 
B) ​directionality problem 
C) reversal problem 
D) ​criterion problem 
A) ​third-variable problem 
B) ​directionality problem 
C) reversal problem 
D) ​criterion problem

Question 12

Both correlational studies and differential research examine the relationship between two variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Describe the use of a scatter plot in graphing data from a correlational study.

Accepted Answer

A correlational study produces two score

Question 14

If decreases in the X variable are accompanied by decreases in the Y variable,then the correlation between X and Y is negative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In a correlational study,commonly,____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​one variable is measured 
B) ​two variables are measured 
C) one individual is described in great detail 
D) ​one individual is treated 
A) ​one variable is measured 
B) ​two variables are measured 
C) one individual is described in great detail 
D) ​one individual is treated

Question 16

A researcher obtained a correlation of r = +0.62 between the amount of time spent watching television and level of blood cholesterol.This means that there is a general tendency for people who watch more television also to have higher blood cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A researcher knows that there is a relationship between obesity and watching television for young children.However,it is not known whether children watch more TV because they are overweight,or whether they are overweight because they watch so much TV.This is an example of the directionality problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which pair of variables should produce a correlation near zero?

Accepted Answer

A) ​model year (2003, 2004, etc.) and price for a used Honda 
B) ​driving distance from college and weekly cost of gas for commuters 
C) number of hours studying and number of errors on a math exam 
D) ​IQ and weight for a group of third-grade students 
A) ​model year (2003, 2004, etc.) and price for a used Honda 
B) ​driving distance from college and weekly cost of gas for commuters 
C) number of hours studying and number of errors on a math exam 
D) ​IQ and weight for a group of third-grade students

Question 19

A researcher determines the amount of sleep for each child by interviewing the children's parents.Then the researcher watches the children in the classroom to obtain measurements of their level of attention.The researcher hopes to demonstrate that amount of sleep is related to attention level.This researcher is using a ____ research strategy.

Accepted Answer

A) ​descriptive 
B) ​correlational 
C) experimental 
D) ​scientific 
A) ​descriptive 
B) ​correlational 
C) experimental 
D) ​scientific

Question 20

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.9 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.
Widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right

Accepted Answer

A) ​clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right 
B) ​clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right 
C) widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right 
D) ​widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right 
A) ​clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right 
B) ​clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right 
C) widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right 
D) ​widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right

Because there is a strong positive correlation between depression and risk of divorce,we can conclude that depression causes divorce.

Describe what is meant by a "negative relationship between two variables."

Which correlation is appropriate for measuring the relationship between gender (male/female)and performance on a task (success/failure)?

The direction of a relationship between variables is indicated by the ____.

Correlations are often used to help demonstrate the reliability and validity of measurement.

The results from a correlational study show a positive relationship between aggressive behavior for six-year-old children and the amount of violence they watch on television.Based on this relationship,which of the following conclusions is justified?

Describe the differences between a correlational study and differential research.

A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students who hold on to exams until the last possible moment.The correlation between exam score and amount of time spent on the exam is an example of a ____.

The Spearman correlation measures the degree ____,

Both correlational studies and differential research examine the relationship between two variables.

Describe the use of a scatter plot in graphing data from a correlational study.

If decreases in the X variable are accompanied by decreases in the Y variable,then the correlation between X and Y is negative.

In a correlational study,commonly,____.

A researcher obtained a correlation of r = +0.62 between the amount of time spent watching television and level of blood cholesterol.This means that there is a general tendency for people who watch more television also to have higher blood cholesterol.

A researcher knows that there is a relationship between obesity and watching television for young children.However,it is not known whether children watch more TV because they are overweight,or whether they are overweight because they watch so much TV.This is an example of the directionality problem.

Which pair of variables should produce a correlation near zero?

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.9 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____. Widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Exam 12: The Correlational Research Strategy.

Because there is a strong positive correlation between depression and risk of divorce,we can conclude that depression causes divorce.

Describe what is meant by a "negative relationship between two variables."

Which correlation is appropriate for measuring the relationship between gender (male/female)and performance on a task (success/failure)?

The direction of a relationship between variables is indicated by the ____.

Correlations are often used to help demonstrate the reliability and validity of measurement.

The results from a correlational study show a positive relationship between aggressive behavior for six-year-old children and the amount of violence they watch on television.Based on this relationship,which of the following conclusions is justified?

Describe the differences between a correlational study and differential research.

A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students who hold on to exams until the last possible moment.The correlation between exam score and amount of time spent on the exam is an example of a ____.

The Spearman correlation measures the degree ____,

Both correlational studies and differential research examine the relationship between two variables.

Describe the use of a scatter plot in graphing data from a correlational study.

If decreases in the X variable are accompanied by decreases in the Y variable,then the correlation between X and Y is negative.

In a correlational study,commonly,____.

A researcher obtained a correlation of r = +0.62 between the amount of time spent watching television and level of blood cholesterol.This means that there is a general tendency for people who watch more television also to have higher blood cholesterol.

Which pair of variables should produce a correlation near zero?

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.9 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____. Widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters