Question 1

A keto acid is a product of

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of essential amino acids 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  anabolism of amino acids 
D)  deamination reaction 
A)  synthesis of essential amino acids 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  anabolism of amino acids 
D)  deamination reaction

Question 2

Enzymes are proteins that often use cofactors to speed up chemical reactions. What types of molecules are usually cofactors in enzymatic reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  ions 
B)  vitamins 
C)  both ions and vitamins 
D)  None of the choices is correct. Cofactors are always proteins. 
A)  ions 
B)  vitamins 
C)  both ions and vitamins 
D)  None of the choices is correct. Cofactors are always proteins.

Question 3

When working with enzymes in laboratory, aka in vitro, researchers increase the temperature from room temperature to 37o Celsius. What is one justification for that action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Higher temperature increases activation energy of the reaction. 
B)  Higher temperature increases kinetic energy of substrates. 
C)  Higher temperature decreases probability of spontaneous reaction. 
D)  Higher temperature inactivates the enzymes. 
A)  Higher temperature increases activation energy of the reaction. 
B)  Higher temperature increases kinetic energy of substrates. 
C)  Higher temperature decreases probability of spontaneous reaction. 
D)  Higher temperature inactivates the enzymes.

Question 4

Only about 40% of energy released in the catabolism of food is used for cellular functions, the rest is lost as heat. Which diet makes more efficient use of sun energy captured in chemical bonds during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paleo diet 
B)  mixed diet including meat 
C)  primarily meat diet 
D)  vegetarian diet 
A)  Paleo diet 
B)  mixed diet including meat 
C)  primarily meat diet 
D)  vegetarian diet

Question 5

Which two vitamins are necessary for the formation of NAD+ and FAD?

Accepted Answer

A)  niacin and riboflavin 
B)  thiamin and folic acid 
C)  niacin and cyanocobalamin 
D)  thiamin and biotin 
A)  niacin and riboflavin 
B)  thiamin and folic acid 
C)  niacin and cyanocobalamin 
D)  thiamin and biotin

Question 6

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein 
B)  an enzyme 
C)  a nucleotide 
D)  a phospholipid 
A)  a protein 
B)  an enzyme 
C)  a nucleotide 
D)  a phospholipid

Question 7

Metabolism refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of larger molecules only 
B)  breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones only 
C)  energy producing reactions only 
D)  all chemical reactions in the body 
A)  synthesis of larger molecules only 
B)  breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones only 
C)  energy producing reactions only 
D)  all chemical reactions in the body

Question 8

The main molecule that stores and transfers energy between exergonic and endergonic reactions in the cell is

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  cAMP 
C)  FAD 
D)  NADH 
A)  ATP 
B)  cAMP 
C)  FAD 
D)  NADH

Question 9

This fat-soluble vitamin protects phospholipid bilayers from oxidative damage (functions as antioxidant).

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin K 
B)  niacin 
C)  folic acid 
D)  vitamin E 
A)  vitamin K 
B)  niacin 
C)  folic acid 
D)  vitamin E

Question 10

People often tell Jane she has a very "good" metabolism; she seems not to gain weight no matter what she eats. What reactions of metabolism are most likely dominant in Jane's body?

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic 
B)  catabolic 
C)  endergonic 
D)  synthesis 
A)  anabolic 
B)  catabolic 
C)  endergonic 
D)  synthesis

Question 11

Chemical energy is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  atoms in motion 
B)  bonds in chemical compounds 
C)  conversion of different forms of energy 
D)  creation of gradients 
A)  atoms in motion 
B)  bonds in chemical compounds 
C)  conversion of different forms of energy 
D)  creation of gradients

Question 12

What is the only component of the electron transport chain that is NOT a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytochrome c 
B)  cytochrome b 
C)  coenzyme Q 
D)  flavoprotein 
A)  cytochrome c 
B)  cytochrome b 
C)  coenzyme Q 
D)  flavoprotein

Question 13

If you have done the immunocytochemistry with fluorescently labeled antibodies against Krebs cycle enzymes, where in the cell would you expect to find fluorescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  all over the cell 
B)  in the mitochondrial outer membrane only 
C)  in the mitochondrial matrix 
D)  in the nucleus 
A)  all over the cell 
B)  in the mitochondrial outer membrane only 
C)  in the mitochondrial matrix 
D)  in the nucleus

Question 14

The final step of the cellular respiration process in which the electrons are passed to oxygen is

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  Krebs cycle 
C)  transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain 
D)  ATP synthesis by ATP synthase 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  Krebs cycle 
C)  transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain 
D)  ATP synthesis by ATP synthase

Question 15

In physiology, we often talk about metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis or cholesterol synthesis. What is the best description of metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  any reaction that has two or more reactants 
B)  an enzymatic reaction involving binding of substrates to the active site of the enzyme 
C)  a chain of reactions in the cell where activation energy increases from step to step 
D)  a sequence of reactions that use products from the previous step as substrates for the next 
A)  any reaction that has two or more reactants 
B)  an enzymatic reaction involving binding of substrates to the active site of the enzyme 
C)  a chain of reactions in the cell where activation energy increases from step to step 
D)  a sequence of reactions that use products from the previous step as substrates for the next

Question 16

Lipolysis is the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  forming acetyl CoA 
B)  anabolism of fatty acid 
C)  catabolism of triglycerides 
D)  making triglycerides from carbohydrates 
A)  forming acetyl CoA 
B)  anabolism of fatty acid 
C)  catabolism of triglycerides 
D)  making triglycerides from carbohydrates

Question 17

When body activities require ATP, glucose can be retrieved from glycogen stores and used in ATP production. If the liver's glycogen stores are low you need to eat to provide more substrates for ATP synthesis. Which of the following processes happen if you are fasting in order to lose weight?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogenesis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  triglyceride conversion to glucose 
D)  lipogenesis 
A)  glycogenesis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  triglyceride conversion to glucose 
D)  lipogenesis

Question 18

A "normal", not deionized water was used in the experiment that included an enzymatic reaction. The experiment did not work as expected. What is the MOST LIKELY reason for the failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The "normal" water used in the experiment contained ions that interacted with the enzyme activity. 
B)  Deionized water is usually warmer, and the experimenter forgot to heat up the water from the "normal" faucet. 
C)  Deionized water most likely gave the false positive result due to lack of ions. 
D)  "Normal" water gave false negative results due to lack of necessary ions that deionized water has. 
A)  The "normal" water used in the experiment contained ions that interacted with the enzyme activity. 
B)  Deionized water is usually warmer, and the experimenter forgot to heat up the water from the "normal" faucet. 
C)  Deionized water most likely gave the false positive result due to lack of ions. 
D)  "Normal" water gave false negative results due to lack of necessary ions that deionized water has.

Question 19

The protein that you have purified in your biochemistry lab seems to "change" D-glucose, but not L-glucose, to glucose-6-phosphate. You suppose it is one of the hexokinase isoforms. Which property of the enzyme is responsible for the result you have just seen?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme allosteric inhibition 
B)  enzyme substrate specificity 
C)  enzyme temperature dependence 
D)  lack of cofactor for that enzyme 
A)  enzyme allosteric inhibition 
B)  enzyme substrate specificity 
C)  enzyme temperature dependence 
D)  lack of cofactor for that enzyme

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis occurs in the cytosol 
B)  glycolysis produces more molecules of ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  glycolysis converts glucose into glycogen 
D)  glycolysis is a main pathway for fatty acid oxidation 
A)  glycolysis occurs in the cytosol 
B)  glycolysis produces more molecules of ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  glycolysis converts glucose into glycogen 
D)  glycolysis is a main pathway for fatty acid oxidation

Exam 4: Metabolism

A keto acid is a product of

Enzymes are proteins that often use cofactors to speed up chemical reactions. What types of molecules are usually cofactors in enzymatic reactions?

When working with enzymes in laboratory, aka in vitro, researchers increase the temperature from room temperature to 37o Celsius. What is one justification for that action?

Only about 40% of energy released in the catabolism of food is used for cellular functions, the rest is lost as heat. Which diet makes more efficient use of sun energy captured in chemical bonds during photosynthesis?

Which two vitamins are necessary for the formation of NAD+ and FAD?

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is

Metabolism refers to

The main molecule that stores and transfers energy between exergonic and endergonic reactions in the cell is

This fat-soluble vitamin protects phospholipid bilayers from oxidative damage (functions as antioxidant).

People often tell Jane she has a very "good" metabolism; she seems not to gain weight no matter what she eats. What reactions of metabolism are most likely dominant in Jane's body?

Chemical energy is associated with

What is the only component of the electron transport chain that is NOT a protein?

If you have done the immunocytochemistry with fluorescently labeled antibodies against Krebs cycle enzymes, where in the cell would you expect to find fluorescence?

The final step of the cellular respiration process in which the electrons are passed to oxygen is

In physiology, we often talk about metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis or cholesterol synthesis. What is the best description of metabolic pathway?

Lipolysis is the process of

When body activities require ATP, glucose can be retrieved from glycogen stores and used in ATP production. If the liver's glycogen stores are low you need to eat to provide more substrates for ATP synthesis. Which of the following processes happen if you are fasting in order to lose weight?

A "normal", not deionized water was used in the experiment that included an enzymatic reaction. The experiment did not work as expected. What is the MOST LIKELY reason for the failure?

The protein that you have purified in your biochemistry lab seems to "change" D-glucose, but not L-glucose, to glucose-6-phosphate. You suppose it is one of the hexokinase isoforms. Which property of the enzyme is responsible for the result you have just seen?

Which of the following statements best describes glycolysis?

An Introduction to Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cells

Transport Across the Plasma Membrane

Cell Signaling

The Nervous System and Neuronal Excitability

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Systems

Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Immune System

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis

The Digestive System

Metabolic Adaptations, Energy Balance, and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive Systems

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When working with enzymes in laboratory, aka in vitro, researchers increase the temperature from room temperature to 37^o Celsius. What is one justification for that action?

Which two vitamins are necessary for the formation of NAD⁺ and FAD?