Question 1

Endergonic reactions

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb more energy than they release 
B)  release more energy than they absorb 
C)  are typically catabolic reactions 
D)  often breakdown larger molecules to smaller molecules 
A)  absorb more energy than they release 
B)  release more energy than they absorb 
C)  are typically catabolic reactions 
D)  often breakdown larger molecules to smaller molecules

Question 2

This water-soluble vitamin is critical to DNA and RNA synthesis, and should be included in the prenatal vitamins, because its deficiency can cause birth defects such as spina bifida.

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin K 
B)  niacin 
C)  folate 
D)  vitamin C 
E)  biotin 
A)  vitamin K 
B)  niacin 
C)  folate 
D)  vitamin C 
E)  biotin

Question 3

Glycogen is a

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharide 
B)  disaccharide 
C)  monosaccharide 
D)  glycoprotein 
A)  polysaccharide 
B)  disaccharide 
C)  monosaccharide 
D)  glycoprotein

Question 4

Proteins are macromolecules that are synthesized based on the template of mRNA. If an essential amino acid lysine was missing in the diet, and was necessary for synthesis of a new protein

Accepted Answer

A)  it would be replaced with another available amino acid 
B)  protein synthesis would stop and wait for lysine 
C)  it would be pulled from other protein to build the new one 
D)  liver will produce it from glucose 
A)  it would be replaced with another available amino acid 
B)  protein synthesis would stop and wait for lysine 
C)  it would be pulled from other protein to build the new one 
D)  liver will produce it from glucose

Question 5

Which of the following enzymes removes water from carbonic acid to produce CO2 (and of course H2O)?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonic hydroxylase 
B)  carbonic anhydrase 
C)  carbonic synthase 
D)  carbonic kinase 
A)  carbonic hydroxylase 
B)  carbonic anhydrase 
C)  carbonic synthase 
D)  carbonic kinase

Question 6

What are the advantages of metabolic pathways in the cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells can speed up the reactions to maximize use of substrates until they are all "used up". 
B)  Cells use less energy when the reaction happens in multiple steps rather than single one. 
C)  When products are not used up and therefore accumulate in cells, cells can shut down the pathway. 
D)  Many enzymes involved in intermediate steps the metabolic pathway decrease probability of mutations. 
A)  Cells can speed up the reactions to maximize use of substrates until they are all "used up". 
B)  Cells use less energy when the reaction happens in multiple steps rather than single one. 
C)  When products are not used up and therefore accumulate in cells, cells can shut down the pathway. 
D)  Many enzymes involved in intermediate steps the metabolic pathway decrease probability of mutations.

Question 7

In aerobic conditions pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is transported and metabolized (oxidized) to CO2 and H2O. Where does this process take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosol 
B)  lysosome 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  peroxisome 
A)  cytosol 
B)  lysosome 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  peroxisome

Question 8

Kinetic energy is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental energy of all particles that stay in motion 
B)  storage of energy due to elevation of the object 
C)  energy of chemical bonds in complex molecules 
D)  the destructive force of energy 
A)  fundamental energy of all particles that stay in motion 
B)  storage of energy due to elevation of the object 
C)  energy of chemical bonds in complex molecules 
D)  the destructive force of energy

Question 9

Hydrogen atoms are carried by NADH + H+ and FADH2 to the

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP molecule 
B)  ADP molecule 
C)  electron transport chain 
D)  ATP synthase 
A)  ATP molecule 
B)  ADP molecule 
C)  electron transport chain 
D)  ATP synthase

Question 10

KCN (potassium cyanide) blocks the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase (one of the complexes in electron transport chain). What would this most likely do?

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage NADH production and speed up ATP production 
B)  inhibit electron transport and create more Co-enzyme Q 
C)  encourage cellular respiration and therefore production of more ATP 
D)  inhibit aerobic respiration and therefore decrease production of ATP 
A)  encourage NADH production and speed up ATP production 
B)  inhibit electron transport and create more Co-enzyme Q 
C)  encourage cellular respiration and therefore production of more ATP 
D)  inhibit aerobic respiration and therefore decrease production of ATP

Question 11

An example of a catabolic reaction could be

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of peptide bonds between amino acids 
B)  conversion of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol 
C)  synthesis of glycogen from glucose 
D)  assembly of nucleotides into a DNA string 
A)  formation of peptide bonds between amino acids 
B)  conversion of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol 
C)  synthesis of glycogen from glucose 
D)  assembly of nucleotides into a DNA string

Question 12

Imagine being a research scientist who plans an experiment that includes an enzymatic reaction. What conditions of the experiment are critical for optimum performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature of the reaction 
B)  pH of the buffer 
C)  chemical composition of the medium in which the reaction is performed 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  temperature of the reaction 
B)  pH of the buffer 
C)  chemical composition of the medium in which the reaction is performed 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

High protein, low carbohydrate diets are a rave in food advertising. Excess of dietary proteins over what the body needs for growth and repair will result in

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle building 
B)  weight loss 
C)  increased body fat 
D)  increased endurance 
A)  muscle building 
B)  weight loss 
C)  increased body fat 
D)  increased endurance

Question 14

Which statement correctly describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation in human cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is a process of ATP production in aerobic conditions 
B)  it can proceed both in the presence and absence of oxygen 
C)  phosphate group is transferred to ADP from phosphorylated intermediate 
D)  phosphate group is oxidized to ATP and inorganic phosphate 
A)  it is a process of ATP production in aerobic conditions 
B)  it can proceed both in the presence and absence of oxygen 
C)  phosphate group is transferred to ADP from phosphorylated intermediate 
D)  phosphate group is oxidized to ATP and inorganic phosphate

Question 15

? If a chemical reaction, such as ATP hydrolysis, releases energy to the surroundings it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  endergonic 
B)  exergonic 
C)  energetically balanced 
D)  reversible 
A)  endergonic 
B)  exergonic 
C)  energetically balanced 
D)  reversible

Question 16

Excessive dietary intake of carbohydrates, but not amino acids, leads to formation of triglycerides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Catabolism of amino acids begins with a removal amino groups. This process, also known as deamination

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in the liver 
B)  produces ammonia 
C)  leads to production of urea 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  occurs in the liver 
B)  produces ammonia 
C)  leads to production of urea 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

When food molecules, such as fats and carbohydrates, are broken to CO2 and water, and the energy accumulated in their chemical bonds recovered, the energy is temporarily stored in an ______ molecule before it can be used in cellular work.

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine biphosphate 
B)  adenosine triphosphate 
C)  adenine triphosphate 
D)  adenine monophosphate 
A)  adenosine biphosphate 
B)  adenosine triphosphate 
C)  adenine triphosphate 
D)  adenine monophosphate

Question 19

The optimal pH for enzymes is

Accepted Answer

A)  always near pH 7.4 
B)  pH value when the reaction rate is greatest 
C)  pH when the enzyme starts to denature 
D)  pH value when all enzymes are occupied by substrates 
A)  always near pH 7.4 
B)  pH value when the reaction rate is greatest 
C)  pH when the enzyme starts to denature 
D)  pH value when all enzymes are occupied by substrates

Question 20

ATP, a major energy storing molecule in the cell, can be produced in the process(es) of

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidative phosphorylation only 
B)  substrate level phosphorylation only 
C)  both in substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  dephosphorylation of ADP 
A)  oxidative phosphorylation only 
B)  substrate level phosphorylation only 
C)  both in substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  dephosphorylation of ADP

Exam 4: Metabolism

Endergonic reactions

This water-soluble vitamin is critical to DNA and RNA synthesis, and should be included in the prenatal vitamins, because its deficiency can cause birth defects such as spina bifida.

Glycogen is a

Proteins are macromolecules that are synthesized based on the template of mRNA. If an essential amino acid lysine was missing in the diet, and was necessary for synthesis of a new protein

Which of the following enzymes removes water from carbonic acid to produce CO2 (and of course H2O)?

What are the advantages of metabolic pathways in the cells?

In aerobic conditions pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is transported and metabolized (oxidized) to CO2 and H2O. Where does this process take place?

Kinetic energy is associated with

Hydrogen atoms are carried by NADH + H+ and FADH2 to the

KCN (potassium cyanide) blocks the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase (one of the complexes in electron transport chain). What would this most likely do?

An example of a catabolic reaction could be

Imagine being a research scientist who plans an experiment that includes an enzymatic reaction. What conditions of the experiment are critical for optimum performance?

High protein, low carbohydrate diets are a rave in food advertising. Excess of dietary proteins over what the body needs for growth and repair will result in

Which statement correctly describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation in human cells?

? If a chemical reaction, such as ATP hydrolysis, releases energy to the surroundings it is called

Excessive dietary intake of carbohydrates, but not amino acids, leads to formation of triglycerides.

Catabolism of amino acids begins with a removal amino groups. This process, also known as deamination

When food molecules, such as fats and carbohydrates, are broken to CO2 and water, and the energy accumulated in their chemical bonds recovered, the energy is temporarily stored in an ______ molecule before it can be used in cellular work.

The optimal pH for enzymes is

ATP, a major energy storing molecule in the cell, can be produced in the process(es) of

An Introduction to Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cells

Transport Across the Plasma Membrane

Cell Signaling

The Nervous System and Neuronal Excitability

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Systems

Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Immune System

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis

The Digestive System

Metabolic Adaptations, Energy Balance, and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive Systems

Filters

Which of the following enzymes removes water from carbonic acid to produce CO₂ (and of course H₂O)?

In aerobic conditions pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is transported and metabolized (oxidized) to CO₂ and H₂O. Where does this process take place?

Hydrogen atoms are carried by NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ to the

When food molecules, such as fats and carbohydrates, are broken to CO₂ and water, and the energy accumulated in their chemical bonds recovered, the energy is temporarily stored in an ______ molecule before it can be used in cellular work.