Question 1

What characteristic links the reactions of synthesis of phospholipids and translation of new proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  they are both catabolic 
B)  they are both endergonic 
C)  they are both exergonic 
D)  they have no linking characteristics 
A)  they are both catabolic 
B)  they are both endergonic 
C)  they are both exergonic 
D)  they have no linking characteristics

Question 2

What is the best definition of exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  they absorb more energy than they release 
B)  they release more energy than they absorb 
C)  they are typically anabolic reactions 
D)  they often combine smaller molecules to larger molecules 
A)  they absorb more energy than they release 
B)  they release more energy than they absorb 
C)  they are typically anabolic reactions 
D)  they often combine smaller molecules to larger molecules

Question 3

In aerobic conditions pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is transported and metabolized (oxidized) to CO2 and H2O. This takes place in the ______.

Accepted Answer

Question 4

The formation of glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate precursors is called

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogenesis 
B)  glycogenolysis 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  gluconeogenesis 
A)  glycogenesis 
B)  glycogenolysis 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  gluconeogenesis

Question 5

Protein anabolism

Accepted Answer

A)  is also called transcription 
B)  includes peptide bond formation 
C)  requires transamination of amino acids 
D)  is possible only in muscles 
A)  is also called transcription 
B)  includes peptide bond formation 
C)  requires transamination of amino acids 
D)  is possible only in muscles

Question 6

Pyruvate kinase deficiency is a genetic condition resulting from a mutation in the gene coding for one of the enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate kinase. It mostly affects red blood cells, and leads to irregular morphology of red blood cells and hemolytic anemia. Yet, pyruvate kinase is present in all cells where it catalyzes one step of glycolysis. Which of the following best explain why red blood cells are MOST affected in this disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Defect of glycolysis enzyme leads to lower levels of ATP in red blood cells. 
B)  Red blood cells exclusively rely on glycolysis as their ATP source. 
C)  Red blood cells cannot produce ATP from beta oxidation of fatty acids. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Defect of glycolysis enzyme leads to lower levels of ATP in red blood cells. 
B)  Red blood cells exclusively rely on glycolysis as their ATP source. 
C)  Red blood cells cannot produce ATP from beta oxidation of fatty acids. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Lipogenesis is the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  beta oxidation of fatty acids 
B)  fatty acid catabolism 
C)  forming triglycerides from carbohydrates 
D)  forming of glycerol and fatty acids from triglycerides 
A)  beta oxidation of fatty acids 
B)  fatty acid catabolism 
C)  forming triglycerides from carbohydrates 
D)  forming of glycerol and fatty acids from triglycerides

Question 8

What cells are responsible for converting excess of dietary glucose to triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatocytes only 
B)  adipocytes only 
C)  hepatocytes and adipocytes 
D)  All cells can convert excess of glucose to triglycerides. 
A)  hepatocytes only 
B)  adipocytes only 
C)  hepatocytes and adipocytes 
D)  All cells can convert excess of glucose to triglycerides.

Question 9

John has been on a low carbohydrate diet for a while and he's started smelling "funny" even if he takes a shower. His urine analysis showed the presence of ketones in his urine. What processes are most likely running in his body?

Accepted Answer

A)  higher than normal beta oxidation 
B)  higher than normal lipogenesis 
C)  lower than normal lipolysis 
D)  lower than normal gluconeogenesis 
A)  higher than normal beta oxidation 
B)  higher than normal lipogenesis 
C)  lower than normal lipolysis 
D)  lower than normal gluconeogenesis

Question 10

What metabolic pathway uses substrate level phosphorylation to make ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  gluconeogenesis 
B)  glycogenolysis 
C)  glycogenesis 
D)  glycolysis 
A)  gluconeogenesis 
B)  glycogenolysis 
C)  glycogenesis 
D)  glycolysis

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  breakdown of protein to amino acids 
B)  conversion of fatty acids into triglycerides 
C)  synthesis of glycogen from glucose 
D)  assembly of polypeptide chain from amino acids 
A)  breakdown of protein to amino acids 
B)  conversion of fatty acids into triglycerides 
C)  synthesis of glycogen from glucose 
D)  assembly of polypeptide chain from amino acids

Question 12

What is the net ATP gain after a single round of glycolysis (breakdown of one molecule of glucose)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 ATP molecule 
B)  2 ATP molecules 
C)  3 ATP molecules 
D)  30-32 ATP molecules 
A)  1 ATP molecule 
B)  2 ATP molecules 
C)  3 ATP molecules 
D)  30-32 ATP molecules

Question 13

Catabolism of fatty acids begins with

Accepted Answer

A)  ketogenesis 
B)  beta oxidation 
C)  lipolysis 
D)  lipogenesis 
A)  ketogenesis 
B)  beta oxidation 
C)  lipolysis 
D)  lipogenesis

Question 14

A nutritional deficiency of niacin will manifest itself with

Accepted Answer

A)  higher energy requirements of the cell 
B)  lower energy availability for the cell 
C)  higher energy output of the cell 
D)  loss of cellular energy in the form of heat 
A)  higher energy requirements of the cell 
B)  lower energy availability for the cell 
C)  higher energy output of the cell 
D)  loss of cellular energy in the form of heat

Question 15

Brownian motion is the random movement of molecules suspended in a liquid or a gas. What type of energy makes these molecules move?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical energy 
B)  kinetic energy 
C)  potential energy 
D)  conversion of energy 
A)  chemical energy 
B)  kinetic energy 
C)  potential energy 
D)  conversion of energy

Question 16

Anabolic reactions are the reactions that

Accepted Answer

A)  break larger molecules to smaller molecules 
B)  form larger molecules from smaller molecules 
C)  involve any type of organic molecules 
D)  take place exclusively in muscle cells 
A)  break larger molecules to smaller molecules 
B)  form larger molecules from smaller molecules 
C)  involve any type of organic molecules 
D)  take place exclusively in muscle cells

Question 17

During a heart attack, blood flow, and therefore oxygen delivery, to the heart muscle is interrupted. How would it change the metabolism of the heart muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of lactic acid production would go down 
B)  the use of glucose in heart muscle would decrease 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation would slow down 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  the rate of lactic acid production would go down 
B)  the use of glucose in heart muscle would decrease 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation would slow down 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Why is 37o the optimal temperature for enzymatic reactions for most human enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the temperature when enzymatic pocket gets wider and the kinetic energy of molecules is at its maximum. 
B)  It is the temperature when kinetic energy of molecules is at its maximum; above this temperature kinetic energy decreases due to collisions. 
C)  It is the temperature when the molecules have high kinetic energy but the enzyme does not lose its 3D structure yet. 
D)  It is the temperature when cofactors best bind to the enzymes and increase activation energy. 
A)  It is the temperature when enzymatic pocket gets wider and the kinetic energy of molecules is at its maximum. 
B)  It is the temperature when kinetic energy of molecules is at its maximum; above this temperature kinetic energy decreases due to collisions. 
C)  It is the temperature when the molecules have high kinetic energy but the enzyme does not lose its 3D structure yet. 
D)  It is the temperature when cofactors best bind to the enzymes and increase activation energy.

Question 19

What process of ATP production will still proceed normally in people with mitochondrial dysfunction diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate level phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  chemi-osmosis 
D)  electron transport chain 
A)  substrate level phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  chemi-osmosis 
D)  electron transport chain

Question 20

Coenzyme A is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  biotin 
B)  pantothenic acid 
C)  pyridoxine 
D)  niacin 
A)  biotin 
B)  pantothenic acid 
C)  pyridoxine 
D)  niacin

Exam 4: Metabolism

What characteristic links the reactions of synthesis of phospholipids and translation of new proteins?

What is the best definition of exergonic reactions?

In aerobic conditions pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is transported and metabolized (oxidized) to CO2 and H2O. This takes place in the ______.

The formation of glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate precursors is called

Protein anabolism

Lipogenesis is the process of

What cells are responsible for converting excess of dietary glucose to triglycerides?

John has been on a low carbohydrate diet for a while and he's started smelling "funny" even if he takes a shower. His urine analysis showed the presence of ketones in his urine. What processes are most likely running in his body?

What metabolic pathway uses substrate level phosphorylation to make ATP?

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

What is the net ATP gain after a single round of glycolysis (breakdown of one molecule of glucose)?

Catabolism of fatty acids begins with

A nutritional deficiency of niacin will manifest itself with

Brownian motion is the random movement of molecules suspended in a liquid or a gas. What type of energy makes these molecules move?

Anabolic reactions are the reactions that

During a heart attack, blood flow, and therefore oxygen delivery, to the heart muscle is interrupted. How would it change the metabolism of the heart muscle?

Why is 37o the optimal temperature for enzymatic reactions for most human enzymes?

What process of ATP production will still proceed normally in people with mitochondrial dysfunction diseases?

Coenzyme A is derived from

An Introduction to Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cells

Transport Across the Plasma Membrane

Cell Signaling

The Nervous System and Neuronal Excitability

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Systems

Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Immune System

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis

The Digestive System

Metabolic Adaptations, Energy Balance, and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive Systems

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In aerobic conditions pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is transported and metabolized (oxidized) to CO₂ and H₂O. This takes place in the ______.

Why is 37^othe optimal temperature for enzymatic reactions for most human enzymes?