Question 1

The optimum body fatness for athletes is

Accepted Answer

A)  8 percent. 
B)  12 percent. 
C)  15 percent. 
D)  dependent on the sport and the individual. 
A)  8 percent. 
B)  12 percent. 
C)  15 percent. 
D)  dependent on the sport and the individual. D

Question 2

The condition that can occur in ultra-endurance (4+ hours) events when water alone is used to replace fluid loss is

Accepted Answer

A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  supercompensation. 
C)  hyponatremia. 
D)  glycosuria. 
A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  supercompensation. 
C)  hyponatremia. 
D)  glycosuria. C

Question 3

Recent evidence confirms that the increased Ca++ excretion following consumption of a high protein diet negatively impacts net stores of bone Ca++.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

The consumption of carbohydrates during prolonged endurance exercise delays fatigue by

Accepted Answer

A)  sparing the use of muscle glycogen. 
B)  favoring the use of fat as a fuel. 
C)  increasing the rate of gluconeogenesis. 
D)  maintaining blood glucose. 
A)  sparing the use of muscle glycogen. 
B)  favoring the use of fat as a fuel. 
C)  increasing the rate of gluconeogenesis. 
D)  maintaining blood glucose.

Question 5

The recommended intake of protein for athletes who participate in high-intensity endurance exercise is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.8 g/kg/day. 
B)  0.9 g/kg/day. 
C)  1.2-1.4 g/kg/day. 
D)  1.6-1.7 g/kg/day. 
A)  0.8 g/kg/day. 
B)  0.9 g/kg/day. 
C)  1.2-1.4 g/kg/day. 
D)  1.6-1.7 g/kg/day.

Question 6

Which of the following should be included in a pregame meal?

Accepted Answer

A)  large amounts of protein 
B)  large amounts of complex carbohydrates 
C)  large amounts of fat 
D)  large amounts of simple sugars 
A)  large amounts of protein 
B)  large amounts of complex carbohydrates 
C)  large amounts of fat 
D)  large amounts of simple sugars

Question 7

The modified method of carbohydrate loading results in muscle glycogen levels that are ________________ to muscle glycogen levels achieved using the classical method.

Accepted Answer

A)  much lower than 
B)  about the same as 
C)  much higher than 
A)  much lower than 
B)  about the same as 
C)  much higher than

Question 8

The best indicator of salt and water balance is

Accepted Answer

A)  monitoring body weight. 
B)  urine color. 
C)  measuring plasma volume. 
D)  measuring plasma sodium. 
A)  monitoring body weight. 
B)  urine color. 
C)  measuring plasma volume. 
D)  measuring plasma sodium.

Question 9

Vitamin supplementation is

Accepted Answer

A)  required for all athletes. 
B)  important for achieving a high VO2 max. 
C)  needed only when an athlete is clearly deficient. 
D)  more important for male athletes. 
A)  required for all athletes. 
B)  important for achieving a high VO2 max. 
C)  needed only when an athlete is clearly deficient. 
D)  more important for male athletes.

Question 10

Which of the following conditions increases the rate of amino acid utilization during exercise, as measured by an increased rate of nitrogen excretion in sweat?

Accepted Answer

A)  low-carbohydrate diet 
B)  high-carbohydrate diet 
C)  high-fat diet 
D)  low-protein diet 
A)  low-carbohydrate diet 
B)  high-carbohydrate diet 
C)  high-fat diet 
D)  low-protein diet

Question 11

Which of the following is associated with adequate hydration during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  lower core temperature 
B)  lower heart rate 
C)  lower perceived exertion 
D)  all of the above 
A)  lower core temperature 
B)  lower heart rate 
C)  lower perceived exertion 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

The insulin response to carbohydrate ingestion during rest and during endurance exercise is the same.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Hyponatremia is more likely to affect the marathon runner who

Accepted Answer

A)  finishes the race more quickly (i.e., <4 hours). 
B)  consumes less fluid than the amount of sweat loss. 
C)  consumes large amounts of hypotonic fluids. 
D)  consumes snacks and fluids containing sodium. 
A)  finishes the race more quickly (i.e., <4 hours). 
B)  consumes less fluid than the amount of sweat loss. 
C)  consumes large amounts of hypotonic fluids. 
D)  consumes snacks and fluids containing sodium.

Question 14

Muscle glycogen is replenished most rapidly when carbohydrates are consumed

Accepted Answer

A)  during exercise. 
B)  immediately following exercise. 
C)  hours after exercise. 
D)  at any time. 
A)  during exercise. 
B)  immediately following exercise. 
C)  hours after exercise. 
D)  at any time.

Question 15

Male athletes are more likely to be iron deficient than female athletes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The recommended fluid intake during high-intensity events of one to three hours is

Accepted Answer

A)  500-1,000 ml water/hour. 
B)  500-1,000 ml water with NaCl and 6-8% carbohydrate/hour. 
C)  800-1,600 ml water with NaCl and 6-8% carbohydrate/hour. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  500-1,000 ml water/hour. 
B)  500-1,000 ml water with NaCl and 6-8% carbohydrate/hour. 
C)  800-1,600 ml water with NaCl and 6-8% carbohydrate/hour. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 17

The RDA for protein in adults is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.6 g/kg/day. 
B)  0.8 g/kg/day. 
C)  1.2 g/kg/day. 
D)  1.6 g/kg/day. 
A)  0.6 g/kg/day. 
B)  0.8 g/kg/day. 
C)  1.2 g/kg/day. 
D)  1.6 g/kg/day.

Question 18

Women athletes are more prone to iron deficiency because their dietary iron intake is more likely to be inadequate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following diets is associated with the highest muscle glycogen levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  high-carbohydrate diet 
B)  mixed diet 
C)  low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet 
D)  All three diets are associated with similar muscle glycogen levels. 
A)  high-carbohydrate diet 
B)  mixed diet 
C)  low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet 
D)  All three diets are associated with similar muscle glycogen levels.

Question 20

During heavy exercise lasting less than two hours, the primary fuel for muscular work is

Accepted Answer

A)  blood glucose. 
B)  plasma FFA. 
C)  muscle glycogen. 
D)  amino acids. 
A)  blood glucose. 
B)  plasma FFA. 
C)  muscle glycogen. 
D)  amino acids.

Exam 23: Nutrition, Body Composition, and Performance

The optimum body fatness for athletes is

The condition that can occur in ultra-endurance (4+ hours) events when water alone is used to replace fluid loss is

Recent evidence confirms that the increased Ca++ excretion following consumption of a high protein diet negatively impacts net stores of bone Ca++.

The consumption of carbohydrates during prolonged endurance exercise delays fatigue by

The recommended intake of protein for athletes who participate in high-intensity endurance exercise is

Which of the following should be included in a pregame meal?

The modified method of carbohydrate loading results in muscle glycogen levels that are ________________ to muscle glycogen levels achieved using the classical method.

The best indicator of salt and water balance is

Vitamin supplementation is

Which of the following conditions increases the rate of amino acid utilization during exercise, as measured by an increased rate of nitrogen excretion in sweat?

Which of the following is associated with adequate hydration during exercise?

The insulin response to carbohydrate ingestion during rest and during endurance exercise is the same.

Hyponatremia is more likely to affect the marathon runner who

Muscle glycogen is replenished most rapidly when carbohydrates are consumed

Male athletes are more likely to be iron deficient than female athletes.

The recommended fluid intake during high-intensity events of one to three hours is

The RDA for protein in adults is

Women athletes are more prone to iron deficiency because their dietary iron intake is more likely to be inadequate.

Which of the following diets is associated with the highest muscle glycogen levels?

During heavy exercise lasting less than two hours, the primary fuel for muscular work is

Introduction to Exercise Physiology

Common Measurements in Exercise Physiology

Control of the Internal Environment

Bioenergetics

Exercise Metabolism

Cell Signaling and the Hormonal Responses to Exercise

Exercise and the Immune System

The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement

Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function

Circulatory Responses to Exercise

Respiration During Exercise

Acid-Base Balance During Exercise

Temperature Regulation

The Physiology of Training: Effect on Vo2 Max, Performance, and Strength

Risk Factors and Inflammation: Links to Chronic Disease

Exercise Prescriptions for Health and Fitness

Exercise for Special Populations

Body Composition and Nutrition for Health

Factors Affecting Performance

Laboratory Assessment of Human Performance

Training for Performance

Training for the Female Athlete, Children, Special Populations, and the Masters Athlete

Exercise and the Environment

Ergogenic Aids

Filters

Recent evidence confirms that the increased Ca⁺⁺ excretion following consumption of a high protein diet negatively impacts net stores of bone Ca⁺⁺.