Question 1

Sodium bicarbonate has been ingested by athletes in an attempt to improve performance by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing blood buffering capacity. 
B)  decreasing muscle lactate production. 
C)  stimulating pulmonary ventilation to increase oxygen transport. 
D)  increasing plasma volume. 
A)  increasing blood buffering capacity. 
B)  decreasing muscle lactate production. 
C)  stimulating pulmonary ventilation to increase oxygen transport. 
D)  increasing plasma volume. A

Question 2

The respiratory system works in the regulation of acid-base balance by lowering the blood tension of

Accepted Answer

A)  O2. 
B)  CO2. 
C)  HCO3. 
D)  H2CO3. 
A)  O2. 
B)  CO2. 
C)  HCO3. 
D)  H2CO3. B

Question 3

Metabolic acidosis is a result of the overproduction of ketoacids, which can occur

Accepted Answer

A)  during exercise. 
B)  in uncontrolled diabetes. 
C)  as a result of high levels of glucose metabolism. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  during exercise. 
B)  in uncontrolled diabetes. 
C)  as a result of high levels of glucose metabolism. 
D)  all of the above. B

Question 4

The principal buffer against acidosis during exercise is intracellular phosphate groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The most common and strongest acid produced in skeletal muscle during heavy exercise is ________________ acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphoric 
B)  lactic 
C)  acetoacetic 
D)  citric 
A)  phosphoric 
B)  lactic 
C)  acetoacetic 
D)  citric

Question 6

Which of the following sports would have the greatest risk of acid-base disturbance?

Accepted Answer

A)  baseball 
B)  100-m sprint 
C)  800-m run 
D)  10,000-m run 
A)  baseball 
B)  100-m sprint 
C)  800-m run 
D)  10,000-m run

Question 7

The most important of the blood buffers is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate. 
B)  blood proteins. 
C)  hemoglobin. 
D)  platelets. 
A)  bicarbonate. 
B)  blood proteins. 
C)  hemoglobin. 
D)  platelets.

Question 8

Acidosis could be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the H+ concentration. 
B)  a loss of acids from the blood. 
C)  an accumulation of bases in the blood. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  a decrease in the H+ concentration. 
B)  a loss of acids from the blood. 
C)  an accumulation of bases in the blood. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following plays the most important role in acid-base balance during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory system 
B)  kidneys 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  respiratory system 
B)  kidneys 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 10

Which of the intracellular buffers contributes the most to the cell's buffering capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle bicarbonate 
B)  intracellular phosphate groups 
C)  intracellular proteins 
D)  all of the above contribute equally 
A)  muscle bicarbonate 
B)  intracellular phosphate groups 
C)  intracellular proteins 
D)  all of the above contribute equally

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the pH of arterial blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  The normal pH is 7.0. 
B)  A pH of 7.0 would be considered acidosis. 
C)  A pH of 7.0 would be considered alkalosis. 
D)  None of the above is true. 
A)  The normal pH is 7.0. 
B)  A pH of 7.0 would be considered acidosis. 
C)  A pH of 7.0 would be considered alkalosis. 
D)  None of the above is true.

Question 12

Muscle pH is generally

Accepted Answer

A)  0.4-0.6 pH units lower than blood pH. 
B)  0.4-0.6 pH units higher than blood pH. 
C)  equal to blood pH. 
A)  0.4-0.6 pH units lower than blood pH. 
B)  0.4-0.6 pH units higher than blood pH. 
C)  equal to blood pH.

Question 13

Acids are defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  molecules that release hydroxyl ions (OH-). 
B)  molecules that release hydrogen ions (H+). 
C)  molecules that combine with hydrogen ions. 
D)  substances that raise the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution. 
A)  molecules that release hydroxyl ions (OH-). 
B)  molecules that release hydrogen ions (H+). 
C)  molecules that combine with hydrogen ions. 
D)  substances that raise the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

Question 14

Carbon dioxide is considered an acid because it

Accepted Answer

A)  directly liberates H+ when it enters the plasma. 
B)  is rapidly converted to lactic acid. 
C)  can react with water to form carbonic acid, which dissociates to release H+. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  directly liberates H+ when it enters the plasma. 
B)  is rapidly converted to lactic acid. 
C)  can react with water to form carbonic acid, which dissociates to release H+. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 15

The first line of defense in protecting against pH change during exercise is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium bicarbonate supplementation. 
B)  blood buffers. 
C)  intracellular buffers. 
D)  plasma bicarbonate. 
A)  sodium bicarbonate supplementation. 
B)  blood buffers. 
C)  intracellular buffers. 
D)  plasma bicarbonate.

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs at approximately 50-60% VO2 max?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration 
B)  an increase in blood lactic acid concentration 
C)  a decrease in blood pH 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration 
B)  an increase in blood lactic acid concentration 
C)  a decrease in blood pH 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

An increase in the hydrogen ion concentration in contracting skeletal muscle can impair performance by hydrogen ions competing with calcium ions for binding sites on troponin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A lack of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase would affect the ability of the body to both buffer the blood and to transport CO2.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The bicarbonate buffer system results in the stimulation of ventilation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

An example of a strong base is bicarbonate (HCO3-).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Acid-Base Balance During Exercise

Sodium bicarbonate has been ingested by athletes in an attempt to improve performance by

The respiratory system works in the regulation of acid-base balance by lowering the blood tension of

Metabolic acidosis is a result of the overproduction of ketoacids, which can occur

The principal buffer against acidosis during exercise is intracellular phosphate groups.

The most common and strongest acid produced in skeletal muscle during heavy exercise is ________________ acid.

Which of the following sports would have the greatest risk of acid-base disturbance?

The most important of the blood buffers is/are

Acidosis could be due to

Which of the following plays the most important role in acid-base balance during exercise?

Which of the intracellular buffers contributes the most to the cell's buffering capacity?

Which of the following is true of the pH of arterial blood?

Muscle pH is generally

Acids are defined as

Carbon dioxide is considered an acid because it

The first line of defense in protecting against pH change during exercise is

Which of the following events occurs at approximately 50-60% VO2 max?

An increase in the hydrogen ion concentration in contracting skeletal muscle can impair performance by hydrogen ions competing with calcium ions for binding sites on troponin.

A lack of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase would affect the ability of the body to both buffer the blood and to transport CO2.

The bicarbonate buffer system results in the stimulation of ventilation.

An example of a strong base is bicarbonate (HCO3-).

Introduction to Exercise Physiology

Common Measurements in Exercise Physiology

Control of the Internal Environment

Bioenergetics

Exercise Metabolism

Cell Signaling and the Hormonal Responses to Exercise

Exercise and the Immune System

The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement

Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function

Circulatory Responses to Exercise

Respiration During Exercise

Temperature Regulation

The Physiology of Training: Effect on Vo2 Max, Performance, and Strength

Risk Factors and Inflammation: Links to Chronic Disease

Exercise Prescriptions for Health and Fitness

Exercise for Special Populations

Body Composition and Nutrition for Health

Factors Affecting Performance

Laboratory Assessment of Human Performance

Training for Performance

Training for the Female Athlete, Children, Special Populations, and the Masters Athlete

Nutrition, Body Composition, and Performance

Exercise and the Environment

Ergogenic Aids

Filters

Which of the following events occurs at approximately 50-60% VO₂ max?

A lack of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase would affect the ability of the body to both buffer the blood and to transport CO₂.

An example of a strong base is bicarbonate (HCO₃^-).