Question 1

Which of the following changes would account for the greatest potential reduction in aerodynamic drag?

Accepted Answer

A)  using an aerodynamic frame 
B)  switching to a flat-disc rear wheel 
C)  adopting a lower riding position 
D)  wearing Lycra shorts and jersey 
A)  using an aerodynamic frame 
B)  switching to a flat-disc rear wheel 
C)  adopting a lower riding position 
D)  wearing Lycra shorts and jersey C

Question 2

Early studies did not show a positive effect of blood doping because

Accepted Answer

A)  too much blood was given to the subject. 
B)  a significant portion of the red blood cells were destroyed during storage of the blood. 
C)  the subject could not tolerate the additional blood. 
D)  the measurements of exercise performance were not accurate. 
A)  too much blood was given to the subject. 
B)  a significant portion of the red blood cells were destroyed during storage of the blood. 
C)  the subject could not tolerate the additional blood. 
D)  the measurements of exercise performance were not accurate. B

Question 3

The ingestion of sodium bicarbonate has been shown to benefit

Accepted Answer

A)  exercise tasks lasting less than one minute in duration. 
B)  high-intensity exercise tasks lasting longer than one hour. 
C)  high-intensity exercise tasks lasting one to ten minutes. 
D)  repeated bouts of low-intensity exercise with short recovery periods. 
A)  exercise tasks lasting less than one minute in duration. 
B)  high-intensity exercise tasks lasting longer than one hour. 
C)  high-intensity exercise tasks lasting one to ten minutes. 
D)  repeated bouts of low-intensity exercise with short recovery periods. C

Question 4

The recommended intensity of indirect warm-up for endurance activities is

Accepted Answer

A)  40%-60% VO2 max. 
B)  60%-80% VO2 max. 
C)  at 100% race pace. 
D)  intervals exceeding race pace. 
A)  40%-60% VO2 max. 
B)  60%-80% VO2 max. 
C)  at 100% race pace. 
D)  intervals exceeding race pace.

Question 5

Dehydroxyepiandrosterone (DHEA) is claimed to improve muscle mass and strength since it

Accepted Answer

A)  is a precursor to testosterone. 
B)  is an antioxidant that reduces muscle damage. 
C)  enhances fat use. 
D)  increases anaerobic power. 
A)  is a precursor to testosterone. 
B)  is an antioxidant that reduces muscle damage. 
C)  enhances fat use. 
D)  increases anaerobic power.

Question 6

Blood buffers, used to improve anaerobic performances, exert their effect by

Accepted Answer

A)  slowing the rate of decrease of creatine phosphate. 
B)  slowing the rate of increase in plasma H+. 
C)  altering the rate at which oxygen leaves the hemoglobin. 
D)  decreasing the rate at which H+ leaves muscle. 
A)  slowing the rate of decrease of creatine phosphate. 
B)  slowing the rate of increase in plasma H+. 
C)  altering the rate at which oxygen leaves the hemoglobin. 
D)  decreasing the rate at which H+ leaves muscle.

Question 7

The Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act passed in 1994 ensures that all dietary supplements are tested for purity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A double-blind research design is one in which

Accepted Answer

A)  the subject does not know which treatment he/she has been administered. 
B)  both the subject and the investigator know what treatment had been administered. 
C)  neither the subject nor the investigator know what treatment had been administered. 
D)  only the investigator knows what treatment has been administered. 
A)  the subject does not know which treatment he/she has been administered. 
B)  both the subject and the investigator know what treatment had been administered. 
C)  neither the subject nor the investigator know what treatment had been administered. 
D)  only the investigator knows what treatment has been administered.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true regarding pre-competition warm-up?

Accepted Answer

A)  Benefits of warm-up include elevated body temperature, which increases muscle resistance. 
B)  Benefits of warm-up include elevated body temperature, which decreases enzymatic reactions. 
C)  Warm-up causes both physiological and psychological changes that are beneficial to performance. 
D)  To be effective, warm-up activities must be identical to the performance. 
A)  Benefits of warm-up include elevated body temperature, which increases muscle resistance. 
B)  Benefits of warm-up include elevated body temperature, which decreases enzymatic reactions. 
C)  Warm-up causes both physiological and psychological changes that are beneficial to performance. 
D)  To be effective, warm-up activities must be identical to the performance.

Question 10

The term homologous transfusion means that the subject received

Accepted Answer

A)  his own blood. 
B)  a matched donor's blood. 
C)  artificial blood. 
A)  his own blood. 
B)  a matched donor's blood. 
C)  artificial blood.

Question 11

The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation are most evident during the first of many repetitive bouts of short and intense exercise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following beverages typically contain the most caffeine?

Accepted Answer

A)  energy drinks (e.g., Red Bull) 
B)  tea 
C)  coffee 
D)  most soft drinks (e.g., colas) 
A)  energy drinks (e.g., Red Bull) 
B)  tea 
C)  coffee 
D)  most soft drinks (e.g., colas)

Question 13

A "blood passport" may be useful in determining

Accepted Answer

A)  an athlete's blood type. 
B)  an athlete's VO2 max. 
C)  whether an athlete has used EPO. 
D)  if the athlete is eligible to compete in international competitions. 
A)  an athlete's blood type. 
B)  an athlete's VO2 max. 
C)  whether an athlete has used EPO. 
D)  if the athlete is eligible to compete in international competitions.

Question 14

Clenbuterol use by athletes may cause

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in tremors. 
B)  increased resistance to fatigue. 
C)  muscle atrophy. 
D)  cardiac arrhythmias. 
A)  decrease in tremors. 
B)  increased resistance to fatigue. 
C)  muscle atrophy. 
D)  cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 15

Including a placebo in a research design helps control for

Accepted Answer

A)  the training state of the subjects. 
B)  the gender of the subjects. 
C)  the type of exercise task used. 
D)  the subject's belief in the substance being tested. 
A)  the training state of the subjects. 
B)  the gender of the subjects. 
C)  the type of exercise task used. 
D)  the subject's belief in the substance being tested.

Question 16

Why might a sprinter (100m) not benefit from creatine monohydrate supplementation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supplementation does not result in higher muscle phosphocreatine levels. 
B)  Phosphocreatine is not an important energy source during this type of exercise. 
C)  Supplementation may result in water retention and weight gain. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Supplementation does not result in higher muscle phosphocreatine levels. 
B)  Phosphocreatine is not an important energy source during this type of exercise. 
C)  Supplementation may result in water retention and weight gain. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 17

When fire fighters warmed up prior to maximal exercise, there was

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in muscle soreness. 
B)  an elimination of ST-segment depression. 
C)  an increase in the number of ventricular beats. 
A)  a decrease in muscle soreness. 
B)  an elimination of ST-segment depression. 
C)  an increase in the number of ventricular beats.

Question 18

Amphetamines appear to have a positive effect on performance in those who are alert and motivated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Oxygen has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid when the O2

Accepted Answer

A)  can be breathed during an endurance exercise. 
B)  is used before endurance exercise. 
C)  has been used in recovery from endurance exercise. 
A)  can be breathed during an endurance exercise. 
B)  is used before endurance exercise. 
C)  has been used in recovery from endurance exercise.

Question 20

Amphetamines may improve endurance performance by

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the use of plasma FFA. 
B)  masking signs of fatigue. 
C)  decreasing arousal. 
D)  increasing lactic acid removal. 
A)  decreasing the use of plasma FFA. 
B)  masking signs of fatigue. 
C)  decreasing arousal. 
D)  increasing lactic acid removal.

Exam 25: Ergogenic Aids

Which of the following changes would account for the greatest potential reduction in aerodynamic drag?

Early studies did not show a positive effect of blood doping because

The ingestion of sodium bicarbonate has been shown to benefit

The recommended intensity of indirect warm-up for endurance activities is

Dehydroxyepiandrosterone (DHEA) is claimed to improve muscle mass and strength since it

Blood buffers, used to improve anaerobic performances, exert their effect by

The Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act passed in 1994 ensures that all dietary supplements are tested for purity.

A double-blind research design is one in which

Which of the following statements is true regarding pre-competition warm-up?

The term homologous transfusion means that the subject received

The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation are most evident during the first of many repetitive bouts of short and intense exercise.

Which of the following beverages typically contain the most caffeine?

A "blood passport" may be useful in determining

Clenbuterol use by athletes may cause

Including a placebo in a research design helps control for

Why might a sprinter (100m) not benefit from creatine monohydrate supplementation?

When fire fighters warmed up prior to maximal exercise, there was

Amphetamines appear to have a positive effect on performance in those who are alert and motivated.

Oxygen has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid when the O2

Amphetamines may improve endurance performance by

Introduction to Exercise Physiology

Common Measurements in Exercise Physiology

Control of the Internal Environment

Bioenergetics

Exercise Metabolism

Cell Signaling and the Hormonal Responses to Exercise

Exercise and the Immune System

The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement

Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function

Circulatory Responses to Exercise

Respiration During Exercise

Acid-Base Balance During Exercise

Temperature Regulation

The Physiology of Training: Effect on Vo2 Max, Performance, and Strength

Risk Factors and Inflammation: Links to Chronic Disease

Exercise Prescriptions for Health and Fitness

Exercise for Special Populations

Body Composition and Nutrition for Health

Factors Affecting Performance

Laboratory Assessment of Human Performance

Training for Performance

Training for the Female Athlete, Children, Special Populations, and the Masters Athlete

Nutrition, Body Composition, and Performance

Exercise and the Environment

Filters

Oxygen has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid when the O₂