Exam 9: Symbolic Communication and Language

Michael does not like Rafael.As the two have a conversation, Rafael crosses his arms and places his right foot on his left knee.Michael is likely to mirror Rafael's body positioning in order to communicate his dislike for Rafael.

Speech that is characterized by diverse vocabulary, proper pronunciation, correct grammar, and abstract content is known as _____________.

Typically, when the relative status of two individuals is ambiguous, they will address each other informally to reduce discomfort.

Dr.Haught carefully chooses her words when speaking to patients about their diagnoses, believing that her speech says something and does something.Her belief is known as the __________.

When listeners provide feedback to a speaker, it only benefits the speaker.

Early research on gender and communication identified several differences between how men and women speak, and investigators suggested these differences were due to the difference in power between men and women.Identify and define three of these differences.Then, explain how more recent research might explain these findings.

An ethnographer was observing an elementary school classroom."Harold, would you like to have a seat?" asked the teacher sternly.Harold sat down quickly.In analyzing this exchange, the ethnographer would likely apply the _____________model of communication

What are the four categories of nonverbal communication? Define and provide examples for two categories of nonverbal communication of your choosing.

Facial expressions may be interpreted differently based on the context in which they occur.

Body language can be useful when traveling abroad, because it relies on universal symbols that allow people who do not share a verbal language to communicate.For instance, the "thumbs-up" sign is recognized everywhere to mean "good."

What are "deficit theories" and how have they been applied to nonstandard speech, particularly African American Vernacular English? What is one major criticism of deficit theories?

Early research on the impact of gender on communication found that women were more likely to end their statement as a question ("It's hot in here, isn't it?") while men were more likely to use intensifiers ("It's really hot in here.")

The following statement-"I haven't read everything published on the topic, and so I may be off base, but I think the author's argument is flawed-contains an example of _____________.

People commonly use a summon-answer sequence to initiate conversations.This sequence can take different forms.In this conversation between roommates, chronologically identify the elements of this summons-answer sequence: "Jack, you in your room?" "Yup, come in." "Hey, what's up?" "Finishing my homework.What's going on for you?" "I was wondering if you could help me practice answers for my interview tomorrow?"

Nonstandard speech is ego-centric.

While studying abroad, Kimberly was approached by a woman who was speaking rapidly, in a loud and high-pitched voice.Though she could not understand the words the woman was using, Kimberly was able to analyze the woman's _____________ and inferred that she was angry.

Ji-hoon and his classmates were working on a project for their English-as-a-second-language course.They spoke primarily in English, as the assignment required, but when they came to a part they were confused about, they began to speak in Korean.This is an example of _____________.

Define spoken language and identify its four basic components.Then discuss one of the three advantages of language use.

The use of language allows people to communicate with others about experiences that they do not share directly.

In conversations where turn taking is more regulated, such as a job interview, turn allocation increases the efficiency of talk.