Question 1

What is lithotrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  breakdown of molecules using light energy 
B)  oxidation of organic electron donors to CO2 and H2O 
C)  photolysis of H2S or H2O coupled to CO2 fixation 
D)  oxidation of inorganic electron donors such as Fe2+ using O2 or anaerobic electronic acceptors 
E)  physical breakdown of food particles to facilitate ingestion 
A)  breakdown of molecules using light energy 
B)  oxidation of organic electron donors to CO2 and H2O 
C)  photolysis of H2S or H2O coupled to CO2 fixation 
D)  oxidation of inorganic electron donors such as Fe2+ using O2 or anaerobic electronic acceptors 
E)  physical breakdown of food particles to facilitate ingestion

Question 2

Which of the following is FALSE with respect to the use of sulfate by marine archaeal and bacterial groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxidized sulfur-containing molecules have redox potentials lower than those of the nitrogen series. 
B)  Oxidized sulfur molecules such as sulfate and sulfite serve as electron acceptors. 
C)  Sulfate and sulfite can receive electrons from hydrocarbons. 
D)  Sulfate-reducing archaea and bacteria are widespread in the ocean. 
E)  Sulfate is more abundant than chloride in the ocean. 
A)  Oxidized sulfur-containing molecules have redox potentials lower than those of the nitrogen series. 
B)  Oxidized sulfur molecules such as sulfate and sulfite serve as electron acceptors. 
C)  Sulfate and sulfite can receive electrons from hydrocarbons. 
D)  Sulfate-reducing archaea and bacteria are widespread in the ocean. 
E)  Sulfate is more abundant than chloride in the ocean.

Question 3

How does Shewanella oneidensis donate electrons to oxidized minerals in marine sediments?

Accepted Answer

Shewanella oneidensis is a proteobacteri

Question 4

Nitrifiers are bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  that generate nitrites or nitrates. 
B)  that convert N2 to NH3. 
C)  capable of oxidizing NH3 using NO. 
D)  capable of living in symbiosis in the roots of some plants. 
E)  capable of using NH3 as an electron donor. 
A)  that generate nitrites or nitrates. 
B)  that convert N2 to NH3. 
C)  capable of oxidizing NH3 using NO. 
D)  capable of living in symbiosis in the roots of some plants. 
E)  capable of using NH3 as an electron donor.

Question 5

Which organism can respire with uranium and remediate uranium-contaminated water?

Accepted Answer

A)  R. palustris 
B)  Shewanella sp 
C)  G. metallireducens 
D)  Salmonella sp 
E)  Brucella sp 
A)  R. palustris 
B)  Shewanella sp 
C)  G. metallireducens 
D)  Salmonella sp 
E)  Brucella sp

Question 6

The figure below shows anaerobic corrosion of a piece of steel accelerated by the action of anaerobic microorganisms. What should be on label 2?  
a. Elemental sulfur and iron directly react to produce $ \mathrm{FeS} $.
b. Iron reduces $ \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}: 4 \mathrm{Fe}+\mathrm{SO}+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{FeS}+3 \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}+8 \mathrm{OH} $
c. Acid rain is produced: $ \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+1 / 2 \mathrm{O}_{2}+2 \mathrm{NO}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HNO}_{3} $
d. Acid rain is produced: $ 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}+4 \mathrm{NO} \rightarrow 4 \mathrm{HNO}_{3} $
e. Acid rain is produced: $ 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{O}_{2}+2 \mathrm{SO}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} $

Accepted Answer

The answer of The figure below shows anaerobic corrosion of...

Question 7

Although embedded in the membrane as an ETS component, the enzyme __________ does not pump protons.

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate dehydrogenase 
B)  2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 
C)  succinate dehydrogenase 
D)  malate dehydrogenase 
E)  glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase 
A)  pyruvate dehydrogenase 
B)  2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 
C)  succinate dehydrogenase 
D)  malate dehydrogenase 
E)  glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 8

Phototrophy is

Accepted Answer

A)  photolysis. 
B)  use of photoexcited electrons to power cell growth. 
C)  chlorophyll photoexcitation. 
D)  photoionization. 
E)  a charge-separating photopigment. 
A)  photolysis. 
B)  use of photoexcited electrons to power cell growth. 
C)  chlorophyll photoexcitation. 
D)  photoionization. 
E)  a charge-separating photopigment.

Question 9

Standard reduction potentials $\left( E ^ { \circ \prime } \right)$ and standard free energy change $\left( \Delta G ^ { \circ \prime } \right)$  are related by the
equation $\Delta G ^ { \circ \prime } = - n F E ^ { \circ \prime }$, where F is the Faraday’s constant and n is the number of electrons
transferred from donor to acceptor. $\Delta G ^ { \circ }$ has units of kJ/mol. Which of the following redox pairs
will have the highest $\Delta G ^ { \circ ' }$ value?

(1) $\mathrm { NO } + 2 \mathrm { H } ^ { + } + 2 \mathrm { e } ^ { - } \rightarrow \mathrm { NO } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \quad E ^ { 0' } = + 420 \mathrm { mV }$

(2) $\mathrm { NO } + 8 \mathrm { H } ^ { + } + 6 \mathrm { e } ^ { - } \rightarrow \mathrm { NH } + 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \quad E ^ { \circ \prime } = + 440 \mathrm { mV }$

Accepted Answer

Although the standard reduction potentia

Question 10

The molecule shown below, __________, is a cofactor for electron transport.

Accepted Answer

A)  a cytochrome 
B)  ubiquinone 
C)  flavin mononucleotide 
D)  nicotine amide dinucleotide 
E)  heme b 
A)  a cytochrome 
B)  ubiquinone 
C)  flavin mononucleotide 
D)  nicotine amide dinucleotide 
E)  heme b

Question 11

Electron donors for anaerobic photosystem I in green sulfur bacteria and chloroflexi include the following, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  H2S. 
B)  HS.- 
C)  H2. 
D)  H2O. 
E)  Fe2+. 
A)  H2S. 
B)  HS.- 
C)  H2. 
D)  H2O. 
E)  Fe2+.

Question 12

In photosystem II of purple bacteria, electrons flow through cytochrome bc, coupled to pumping of protons and the proton potential drives synthesis of ATP. The cytochrome bc complex transfers the electrons back to bacteriochlorophyll P870. This type of ATP synthesis is called

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse electron flow. 
B)  membrane potential. 
C)  noncyclic photophosphorylation. 
D)  cyclic photophosphorylation. 
E)  proton motive force. 
A)  reverse electron flow. 
B)  membrane potential. 
C)  noncyclic photophosphorylation. 
D)  cyclic photophosphorylation. 
E)  proton motive force.

Question 13

Use the figure below to describe Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic model for coupling the electron transfer system with ATP synthesis.

Accepted Answer

In 1961, Peter Mitchell proposed that th

What is lithotrophy?

Which of the following is FALSE with respect to the use of sulfate by marine archaeal and bacterial groups?

How does Shewanella oneidensis donate electrons to oxidized minerals in marine sediments?

Nitrifiers are bacteria

Which organism can respire with uranium and remediate uranium-contaminated water?

Although embedded in the membrane as an ETS component, the enzyme __________ does not pump protons.

Phototrophy is

The molecule shown below, __________, is a cofactor for electron transport.

Electron donors for anaerobic photosystem I in green sulfur bacteria and chloroflexi include the following, EXCEPT

In photosystem II of purple bacteria, electrons flow through cytochrome bc, coupled to pumping of protons and the proton potential drives synthesis of ATP. The cytochrome bc complex transfers the electrons back to bacteriochlorophyll P870. This type of ATP synthesis is called

Use the figure below to describe Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic model for coupling the electron transfer system with ATP synthesis.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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Exam 14: Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

What is lithotrophy?

Which of the following is FALSE with respect to the use of sulfate by marine archaeal and bacterial groups?

How does Shewanella oneidensis donate electrons to oxidized minerals in marine sediments?

Nitrifiers are bacteria

Which organism can respire with uranium and remediate uranium-contaminated water?

Although embedded in the membrane as an ETS component, the enzyme __________ does not pump protons.

Phototrophy is

The molecule shown below, __________, is a cofactor for electron transport.

Electron donors for anaerobic photosystem I in green sulfur bacteria and chloroflexi include the following, EXCEPT

In photosystem II of purple bacteria, electrons flow through cytochrome bc, coupled to pumping of protons and the proton potential drives synthesis of ATP. The cytochrome bc complex transfers the electrons back to bacteriochlorophyll P870. This type of ATP synthesis is called

Use the figure below to describe Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic model for coupling the electron transfer system with ATP synthesis.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters