Question 1

Which of the following is the most limiting element in marine ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  iron 
B)  sulfur 
C)  carbon 
D)  phosphorous 
E)  hydrogen 
A)  iron 
B)  sulfur 
C)  carbon 
D)  phosphorous 
E)  hydrogen

Question 2

Which of the following spontaneously ignites with a green glow as it emanates from the ground?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyrite 
B)  nitrous oxide 
C)  dimethyl sulfide 
D)  phosphine 
E)  dimethylmercury 
A)  pyrite 
B)  nitrous oxide 
C)  dimethyl sulfide 
D)  phosphine 
E)  dimethylmercury

Question 3

In the marine photic zone, the rate of photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  is equal to the amount of CO2 released from the niche. 
B)  exceeds the rate of respiration. 
C)  is less than the respiration rate. 
D)  does not affect carbon cycling. 
E)  is inversely related to rate of respiration. 
A)  is equal to the amount of CO2 released from the niche. 
B)  exceeds the rate of respiration. 
C)  is less than the respiration rate. 
D)  does not affect carbon cycling. 
E)  is inversely related to rate of respiration.

Question 4

What is one of the main challenges of treating industrial runoff versus municipal wastewaters?

Accepted Answer

A)  more solid waste 
B)  higher oxygen concentrations 
C)  toxic chemicals 
D)  higher organic loads 
E)  lower oxygen concentrations 
A)  more solid waste 
B)  higher oxygen concentrations 
C)  toxic chemicals 
D)  higher organic loads 
E)  lower oxygen concentrations

Question 5

In the anammox reaction, ________ is the electron donor and ________ is the electron acceptor.

Accepted Answer

A)  dinitrogen gas; nitrite 
B)  nitrite; nitrate 
C)  ammonium ion; dinitrogen gas 
D)  dinitrogen gas; nitrate 
E)  ammonium ion; nitrite 
A)  dinitrogen gas; nitrite 
B)  nitrite; nitrate 
C)  ammonium ion; dinitrogen gas 
D)  dinitrogen gas; nitrate 
E)  ammonium ion; nitrite

Question 6

What types of evidence suggest the past existence of water on Mars?

Accepted Answer

Martian soil composition showed high lev

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT used as a biosignature?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic activity 
B)  isotope ratios 
C)  microscopic imaging 
D)  mineral formations 
E)  microfossils 
A)  metabolic activity 
B)  isotope ratios 
C)  microscopic imaging 
D)  mineral formations 
E)  microfossils

Question 8

The following image is evidence supporting ________ on Mars.

Accepted Answer

A)  life 
B)  past water 
C)  tectonic processes 
D)  current water 
E)  volcanic flow 
A)  life 
B)  past water 
C)  tectonic processes 
D)  current water 
E)  volcanic flow

Question 9

What are the major limitations to nitrogen fixation? How do organisms overcome these limitations?

Accepted Answer

The highly reductive reactions of nitrog

Question 10

Which of the following techniques is used to quantify carbon influx and efflux of CO₂ in small, controlled model ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  gas chromatography 
B)  mass spectroscopy 
C)  radioisotope incorporation 
D)  stable isotope ratios 
E)  atomic force microscopy 
A)  gas chromatography 
B)  mass spectroscopy 
C)  radioisotope incorporation 
D)  stable isotope ratios 
E)  atomic force microscopy

Question 11

Microbes participate in which step of wastewater treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  preliminary 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  tertiary 
E)  every step 
A)  preliminary 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  tertiary 
E)  every step

Question 12

Which of these is involved in commercial chemical fertilizer production?

Accepted Answer

A)  lightning strikes 
B)  the Haber process 
C)  cellular nitrogen fixation 
D)  nitrification 
E)  denitrification 
A)  lightning strikes 
B)  the Haber process 
C)  cellular nitrogen fixation 
D)  nitrification 
E)  denitrification

Question 13

What is the cause of the highlighted zone with dissolved oxygen less than 2.0 mg/l?

Accepted Answer

A)  high carbon and nitrogen concentrations 
B)  high iron concentrations 
C)  low oxygen concentrations 
D)  high phosphorus concentrations 
E)  the Deepwater Horizon oil spill 
A)  high carbon and nitrogen concentrations 
B)  high iron concentrations 
C)  low oxygen concentrations 
D)  high phosphorus concentrations 
E)  the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Question 14

Eolian sources of iron in marine systems are due to.

Accepted Answer

A)  precipitation of Fe3+ by OH- or PO43-. 
B)  phytoplankton consumers. 
C)  iron-oxidizing bacteria. 
D)  wind-borne dust from dry land. 
E)  reduction of Fe3+ by anaerobic respiration. 
A)  precipitation of Fe3+ by OH- or PO43-. 
B)  phytoplankton consumers. 
C)  iron-oxidizing bacteria. 
D)  wind-borne dust from dry land. 
E)  reduction of Fe3+ by anaerobic respiration.

Question 15

Which of the following major biological elements has the highest number of oxidation states?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  carbon 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  sulfur 
E)  oxygen 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  carbon 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  sulfur 
E)  oxygen

Question 16

Which contaminant in water is especially prevalent in agricultural regions of the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  sulfur 
C)  phosphate 
D)  nitrate 
E)  magnesium 
A)  carbon 
B)  sulfur 
C)  phosphate 
D)  nitrate 
E)  magnesium

Question 17

What types of bacteria will carry out nitrification?

Accepted Answer

A)  lithotrophs 
B)  heterotrophs 
C)  chemoorganotrophy 
D)  phototrophs 
E)  fastidious heterotrophs 
A)  lithotrophs 
B)  heterotrophs 
C)  chemoorganotrophy 
D)  phototrophs 
E)  fastidious heterotrophs

Question 18

Which of the following does bacteria use for iron uptake?

Accepted Answer

A)  ferrodoxin 
B)  protein A 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  siderophores 
E)  lipoprotein 
A)  ferrodoxin 
B)  protein A 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  siderophores 
E)  lipoprotein

Question 19

Which of the following would decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  burning of logs 
B)  microbial decomposition of logs 
C)  increase in photosynthesis by plants 
D)  anaerobic fermentation 
E)  increase in respiration by microbes 
A)  burning of logs 
B)  microbial decomposition of logs 
C)  increase in photosynthesis by plants 
D)  anaerobic fermentation 
E)  increase in respiration by microbes

Question 20

How did Jill Mikucki test her hypothesis that a subsurface river of brine flows deep beneath the glaciers and permafrost of Taylor Valley, feeding Blood Falls?

Accepted Answer

To gain evidence for this model, Mikucki

Exam 22: Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Which of the following is the most limiting element in marine ecosystems?

Which of the following spontaneously ignites with a green glow as it emanates from the ground?

In the marine photic zone, the rate of photosynthesis

What is one of the main challenges of treating industrial runoff versus municipal wastewaters?

In the anammox reaction, ________ is the electron donor and ________ is the electron acceptor.

What types of evidence suggest the past existence of water on Mars?

Which of the following is NOT used as a biosignature?

The following image is evidence supporting ________ on Mars.

What are the major limitations to nitrogen fixation? How do organisms overcome these limitations?

Which of the following techniques is used to quantify carbon influx and efflux of CO₂ in small, controlled model ecosystems?

Microbes participate in which step of wastewater treatment?

Which of these is involved in commercial chemical fertilizer production?

What is the cause of the highlighted zone with dissolved oxygen less than 2.0 mg/l?

Eolian sources of iron in marine systems are due to.

Which of the following major biological elements has the highest number of oxidation states?

Which contaminant in water is especially prevalent in agricultural regions of the United States?

What types of bacteria will carry out nitrification?

Which of the following does bacteria use for iron uptake?

Which of the following would decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

How did Jill Mikucki test her hypothesis that a subsurface river of brine flows deep beneath the glaciers and permafrost of Taylor Valley, feeding Blood Falls?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

In the anammox reaction, is the electron donor and is the electron acceptor.