Question 1

Increased ________ is NOT needed to terraform Mars.

Accepted Answer

A)  greenhouse gases 
B)  temperature 
C)  pH 
D)  air pressure 
E)  oxygen 
A)  greenhouse gases 
B)  temperature 
C)  pH 
D)  air pressure 
E)  oxygen

Question 2

Corrosion of cement in the sewer pipe shown below is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  H2S. 
B)  H2S + O2. 
C)  H2 + SO42-. 
D)  Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4. 
E)  sewage liquid. 
A)  H2S. 
B)  H2S + O2. 
C)  H2 + SO42-. 
D)  Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4. 
E)  sewage liquid.

Question 3

The element with the highest percentage of dry weight in bacteria is

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium. 
B)  carbon. 
C)  hydrogen. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  phosphorus. 
A)  calcium. 
B)  carbon. 
C)  hydrogen. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  phosphorus.

Question 4

Compare and contrast carbon cycling in aerobic versus anaerobic terrestrial systems.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary. Although plants perfor

Question 5

Marine dead zones are characterized as being

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoxic. 
B)  aerated. 
C)  devoid of nitrogen fixation. 
D)  dangerous for ship sail. 
E)  usually naturally occurring. 
A)  hypoxic. 
B)  aerated. 
C)  devoid of nitrogen fixation. 
D)  dangerous for ship sail. 
E)  usually naturally occurring.

Question 6

The elemental proportions in microbes are

Accepted Answer

A)  constant. 
B)  variable. 
C)  not measurable. 
D)  independent of abiotic factors. 
E)  called their "reservoirs." 
A)  constant. 
B)  variable. 
C)  not measurable. 
D)  independent of abiotic factors. 
E)  called their "reservoirs."

Question 7

Discuss how human activities have perturbed the nitrogen cycle.

Accepted Answer

Dinitrogen gas constitutes about 79% of

Question 8

How are wetlands similar to or different from commercial wastewater treatment plants?

Accepted Answer

Wetlands remove nitrogen through the act

Question 9

Microbes using nitrogen as a terminal electron acceptor would be performing

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  ammonification. 
C)  nitrification. 
D)  denitrification. 
E)  anammox. 
A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  ammonification. 
C)  nitrification. 
D)  denitrification. 
E)  anammox.

Question 10

Jupiter's moon ________ is a candidate for extraterrestrial life due to its subsurface oceans.

Accepted Answer

A)  Io 
B)  Europa 
C)  Titan 
D)  Mimas 
E)  Deimos 
A)  Io 
B)  Europa 
C)  Titan 
D)  Mimas 
E)  Deimos

Question 11

The figure below shows the ignition of methane from what source? Why is this methane source a major concern for global warming?

Accepted Answer

The methane source is methane hydrates t

Question 12

On which of the following does humankind expect to find life because of the similarity of its geology to that of Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jupiter 
B)  Venus 
C)  Mars 
D)  Jupiter's moon Europa 
E)  Pluto 
A)  Jupiter 
B)  Venus 
C)  Mars 
D)  Jupiter's moon Europa 
E)  Pluto

Question 13

Which of the following is an anaerobic respiration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion of phosphine to phosphate 
B)  methanogenesis 
C)  photolysis of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur 
D)  precipitation of ferric iron with hydroxide 
E)  nitrogen fixation 
A)  conversion of phosphine to phosphate 
B)  methanogenesis 
C)  photolysis of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur 
D)  precipitation of ferric iron with hydroxide 
E)  nitrogen fixation

Question 14

What would happen if household wastewater was emptied into local receiving rivers without prior treatment?

Accepted Answer

Wastewater is rich in organic matter, wh

Question 15

Which of the following reservoirs contains the most rapidly cycled carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  the atmosphere 
B)  ocean biomass 
C)  ocean inorganic molecules 
D)  land biomass 
E)  crust below land and ocean 
A)  the atmosphere 
B)  ocean biomass 
C)  ocean inorganic molecules 
D)  land biomass 
E)  crust below land and ocean

Question 16

The largest reservoir for carbon is

Accepted Answer

A)  the atmosphere. 
B)  ocean biomass. 
C)  carbonate rocks and subsurface carbon. 
D)  wetlands. 
E)  fossil fuels. 
A)  the atmosphere. 
B)  ocean biomass. 
C)  carbonate rocks and subsurface carbon. 
D)  wetlands. 
E)  fossil fuels.

Question 17

Modifications of ________ structure and composition represents a common microbial adaptation to limiting phosphorous concentrations.

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane 
B)  protein 
C)  DNA 
D)  polysaccharide 
E)  the cell wall 
A)  membrane 
B)  protein 
C)  DNA 
D)  polysaccharide 
E)  the cell wall

Question 18

In polluted ocean waters, what type of organisms may contribute significantly to global warming?

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthetic algae 
B)  methanogens 
C)  vent bacteria 
D)  marine mammals 
E)  denitrifying bacteria 
A)  photosynthetic algae 
B)  methanogens 
C)  vent bacteria 
D)  marine mammals 
E)  denitrifying bacteria

Question 19

What evidence suggests that the biochemistry of life elsewhere would resemble that on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Terrestrial life is founded on macroelem

Question 20

Explain how the Mississippi River drainage into the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana leads to a large dead zone.

Accepted Answer

Over its long, meandering course, which

Exam 22: Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Increased ________ is NOT needed to terraform Mars.

Corrosion of cement in the sewer pipe shown below is caused by

The element with the highest percentage of dry weight in bacteria is

Compare and contrast carbon cycling in aerobic versus anaerobic terrestrial systems.

Marine dead zones are characterized as being

The elemental proportions in microbes are

Discuss how human activities have perturbed the nitrogen cycle.

How are wetlands similar to or different from commercial wastewater treatment plants?

Microbes using nitrogen as a terminal electron acceptor would be performing

Jupiter's moon ________ is a candidate for extraterrestrial life due to its subsurface oceans.

The figure below shows the ignition of methane from what source? Why is this methane source a major concern for global warming?

On which of the following does humankind expect to find life because of the similarity of its geology to that of Earth?

Which of the following is an anaerobic respiration reaction?

What would happen if household wastewater was emptied into local receiving rivers without prior treatment?

Which of the following reservoirs contains the most rapidly cycled carbon?

The largest reservoir for carbon is

Modifications of ________ structure and composition represents a common microbial adaptation to limiting phosphorous concentrations.

In polluted ocean waters, what type of organisms may contribute significantly to global warming?

What evidence suggests that the biochemistry of life elsewhere would resemble that on Earth?

Explain how the Mississippi River drainage into the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana leads to a large dead zone.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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