Question 1

The toxin gene in Corynebacterium diphtheriae is located on

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasmid. 
B)  mobile genes called transposons. 
C)  bacterial chromosomes. 
D)  lysogenic phage genomes. 
E)  the plasma membrane. 
A)  the plasmid. 
B)  mobile genes called transposons. 
C)  bacterial chromosomes. 
D)  lysogenic phage genomes. 
E)  the plasma membrane.

Question 2

Which of the following is a nonproteinaceous, yet toxic, compound found in all Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  endotoxin 
B)  exotoxin 
C)  type I pili 
D)  type III pili 
E)  type IV pili 
A)  endotoxin 
B)  exotoxin 
C)  type I pili 
D)  type III pili 
E)  type IV pili

Question 3

Briefly describe three classic modes of action of bacterial toxins. How are they similar? How are they different?

Accepted Answer

(1) Some microbes damage the host membra

Question 4

The cholera and Escherichia coli (traveler's diarrhea) toxins ________, leading to high levels of cAMP in cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP ribosylate the Gs factor 
B)  ADP ribosylate adenyl cyclase 
C)  inactivate ATP 
D)  are bacterial adenylate cyclase 
E)  phosphorylate the G factor 
A)  ADP ribosylate the Gs factor 
B)  ADP ribosylate adenyl cyclase 
C)  inactivate ATP 
D)  are bacterial adenylate cyclase 
E)  phosphorylate the G factor

Question 5

Which of the following bacteria would you expect to cause the most severe blood disease in a susceptible host?

Accepted Answer

A)  a rapidly growing encapsulated bacteria 
B)  a flagellated acidophile 
C)  a barophilic strain 
D)  a piliated slow-growing bacteria 
E)  a halophilic psychrophile 
A)  a rapidly growing encapsulated bacteria 
B)  a flagellated acidophile 
C)  a barophilic strain 
D)  a piliated slow-growing bacteria 
E)  a halophilic psychrophile

Question 6

The disease filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is caused by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  ectoparasite. 
B)  endoparasite. 
C)  insect. 
D)  bacterium. 
E)  fungus. 
A)  ectoparasite. 
B)  endoparasite. 
C)  insect. 
D)  bacterium. 
E)  fungus.

Question 7

The anthrax, Escherichia coli, cholera, and Bordetella toxins all

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit protein synthesis. 
B)  possess ADP ribosyltransferase activity. 
C)  cause diarrhea. 
D)  disrupt the cell membrane. 
E)  trigger apoptosis. 
A)  inhibit protein synthesis. 
B)  possess ADP ribosyltransferase activity. 
C)  cause diarrhea. 
D)  disrupt the cell membrane. 
E)  trigger apoptosis.

Question 8

The ability to survive in the harsh environment of the phagolysosome is a virulence factor produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  uropathogenic Escherichia coli. 
B)  Vibrio cholera. 
C)  Bordetella pertussis. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori. 
E)  Coxilla burnetti. 
A)  uropathogenic Escherichia coli. 
B)  Vibrio cholera. 
C)  Bordetella pertussis. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori. 
E)  Coxilla burnetti.

Question 9

Consider two isolates, A and B. Microbe A had an LD₅₀ of 5 * 10⁴, while microbe B recorded an LD₅₀ of 5 *10⁷. Which isolate is more virulent?

Accepted Answer

A)  unable to know based on information provided 
B)  microbe A 
C)  microbe B 
D)  They are equally virulent. 
E)  The values indicate that neither one is virulent. 
A)  unable to know based on information provided 
B)  microbe A 
C)  microbe B 
D)  They are equally virulent. 
E)  The values indicate that neither one is virulent.

Question 10

Which of the following is classified as an intracellular bacterial pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Bacillus anthracis 
A)  HIV 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Bacillus anthracis

Question 11

A chef cut her finger accidentally. The next morning, she felt pain and warmth and had a little swelling and redness on that finger (which are signs of inflammation). By that night, she was just fine. Which of the following pertains to the chef?

Accepted Answer

A)  She had an overt microbial disease. 
B)  She had an infection. 
C)  The inflammation was a response to the cut, not a microbe. 
D)  Microbial toxins, not the vegetative cells, induced inflammation. 
E)  The cut introduced ectoparasites that could not survive. 
A)  She had an overt microbial disease. 
B)  She had an infection. 
C)  The inflammation was a response to the cut, not a microbe. 
D)  Microbial toxins, not the vegetative cells, induced inflammation. 
E)  The cut introduced ectoparasites that could not survive.

Question 12

Koch's molecular postulates were originally formulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Robert Koch. 
B)  Louis Pasteur. 
C)  Thomas Rivers. 
D)  Matthew Lawrenz. 
E)  Stanley Falkow. 
A)  Robert Koch. 
B)  Louis Pasteur. 
C)  Thomas Rivers. 
D)  Matthew Lawrenz. 
E)  Stanley Falkow.

Question 13

Tropheryma whipplei is the causative agent for Whipple's disease. It could not be cultured until recently, when the genomic data showed that it

Accepted Answer

A)  was auxotrophic for some amino acids. 
B)  was an obligate intracellular pathogen. 
C)  needed a helper virus to grow. 
D)  needed high levels of iron. 
E)  is a virus that needs cell culture. 
A)  was auxotrophic for some amino acids. 
B)  was an obligate intracellular pathogen. 
C)  needed a helper virus to grow. 
D)  needed high levels of iron. 
E)  is a virus that needs cell culture.

Question 14

Why is a microbial agent that prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion more virulent as an intracellular pathogen than one that is not?

Accepted Answer

If a pathogen can prevent phagosome-lyso

Question 15

Diphtheria toxin is a classic AB exotoxin. How does it cause host cell damage?

Accepted Answer

Diphtheria toxin is an AB toxin whose re

Question 16

Describe what is occurring in the figure below.

Accepted Answer

The guanine and cyto

Question 17

Describe the use of digital gene expression (DGE) in host-pathogen relations. How does it work and what information can it tell us?

Accepted Answer

DGE is a technology that uses beads cove

Question 18

Thick polysaccharide capsules are important virulence assets for

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera. 
B)  Clostridium tetani and Bacillus anthracis. 
C)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumonia. 
D)  Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. 
E)  Helicobacter pylori and Enterobacter cloacae. 
A)  Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera. 
B)  Clostridium tetani and Bacillus anthracis. 
C)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumonia. 
D)  Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. 
E)  Helicobacter pylori and Enterobacter cloacae.

Question 19

Define a fomite and give at least two specific examples.

Accepted Answer

A fomite is an inanimate object that whe

Question 20

What would be expected to happen to the Helicobacter pylori bacteria in a patient who has taken a large amount of antacids in the last month?

Accepted Answer

Antacids would reduce the pH of the stom

Exam 25: Microbial Pathogenesis

The toxin gene in Corynebacterium diphtheriae is located on

Which of the following is a nonproteinaceous, yet toxic, compound found in all Gram-negative bacteria?

Briefly describe three classic modes of action of bacterial toxins. How are they similar? How are they different?

The cholera and Escherichia coli (traveler's diarrhea) toxins ________, leading to high levels of cAMP in cells.

Which of the following bacteria would you expect to cause the most severe blood disease in a susceptible host?

The disease filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is caused by a(n)

The anthrax, Escherichia coli, cholera, and Bordetella toxins all

The ability to survive in the harsh environment of the phagolysosome is a virulence factor produced by

Consider two isolates, A and B. Microbe A had an LD₅₀ of 5 * 10⁴, while microbe B recorded an LD₅₀ of 5 *10⁷. Which isolate is more virulent?

Which of the following is classified as an intracellular bacterial pathogen?

A chef cut her finger accidentally. The next morning, she felt pain and warmth and had a little swelling and redness on that finger (which are signs of inflammation). By that night, she was just fine. Which of the following pertains to the chef?

Koch's molecular postulates were originally formulated by

Tropheryma whipplei is the causative agent for Whipple's disease. It could not be cultured until recently, when the genomic data showed that it

Why is a microbial agent that prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion more virulent as an intracellular pathogen than one that is not?

Diphtheria toxin is a classic AB exotoxin. How does it cause host cell damage?

Describe what is occurring in the figure below.

Describe the use of digital gene expression (DGE) in host-pathogen relations. How does it work and what information can it tell us?

Thick polysaccharide capsules are important virulence assets for

Define a fomite and give at least two specific examples.

What would be expected to happen to the Helicobacter pylori bacteria in a patient who has taken a large amount of antacids in the last month?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters