Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about disease reservoirs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reservoirs are mammals or birds, but not insects. 
B)  A vector can be the reservoir of a disease. 
C)  A reservoir is an integral part of the disease cycle. 
D)  Disease-control measures must consider the biological reservoir. 
E)  A reservoir is ultimately the source of infection in a population. 
A)  Reservoirs are mammals or birds, but not insects. 
B)  A vector can be the reservoir of a disease. 
C)  A reservoir is an integral part of the disease cycle. 
D)  Disease-control measures must consider the biological reservoir. 
E)  A reservoir is ultimately the source of infection in a population.

Question 2

Binding of the protein ________ of the EPEC pathogenicity system directly triggers a remarkable reorganization of host cellular cytoskeletal components.

Accepted Answer

A)  actin 
B)  SPI-1 
C)  intimin 
D)  Nef 
E)  Ivet 
A)  actin 
B)  SPI-1 
C)  intimin 
D)  Nef 
E)  Ivet

Question 3

What is the rationale for designating disease-causing protozoa and worms as parasites, not as pathogens?

Accepted Answer

In a very broad sense, all disease-causi

Question 4

A possible role for quorum sensing in pathogenicity is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  detects and responds to the pH as an indicator of the environment. 
B)  delays production of toxins that may alert the host to the presence of the bacteria. 
C)  monitors and responds to concentrations of ions such as magnesium. 
D)  senses and responds to the population of phagocytes at the infection site. 
E)  helps the pathogen escape the adaptive immune response. 
A)  detects and responds to the pH as an indicator of the environment. 
B)  delays production of toxins that may alert the host to the presence of the bacteria. 
C)  monitors and responds to concentrations of ions such as magnesium. 
D)  senses and responds to the population of phagocytes at the infection site. 
E)  helps the pathogen escape the adaptive immune response.

Question 5

Which of the following are also categorized as frank, or strict, pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  parasites 
B)  endoparasites 
C)  ectoparasites 
D)  primary pathogens 
E)  opportunistic pathogens 
A)  parasites 
B)  endoparasites 
C)  ectoparasites 
D)  primary pathogens 
E)  opportunistic pathogens

Question 6

What process is occurring in the figure below? Describe that process.

Accepted Answer

This shows a type IV system sh

Question 7

Which organism did Koch use to synthesize his two postulates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus anthracis 
B)  Staph. aureus 
C)  Ebola 
D)  SARS 
E)  MERs 
A)  Bacillus anthracis 
B)  Staph. aureus 
C)  Ebola 
D)  SARS 
E)  MERs

Question 8

Describe what kind of assembly is occurring in the figure below, and identify the molecules that are present.

Accepted Answer

This figure shows an example o

Question 9

Describe what is happening at step 1 in the figure below.

Accepted Answer

There is a fusion be

Question 10

An example of vertical transmission of infectious agents is

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus spp. gaining antibiotic resistance genes through conjugation. 
B)  HIV passing from mother to child in utero. 
C)  an infectious ameba obtained from a water sample. 
D)  influenza being passed by a sneeze. 
E)  hepatitis being transmitted by an infected needle stick. 
A)  Staphylococcus spp. gaining antibiotic resistance genes through conjugation. 
B)  HIV passing from mother to child in utero. 
C)  an infectious ameba obtained from a water sample. 
D)  influenza being passed by a sneeze. 
E)  hepatitis being transmitted by an infected needle stick.

Question 11

Superantigens

Accepted Answer

A)  bore holes on eukaryotic cell membranes. 
B)  inhibit phagocytosis. 
C)  prevent degranulation of macrophages. 
D)  are antipyrogenic. 
E)  activate immune cells without being processed. 
A)  bore holes on eukaryotic cell membranes. 
B)  inhibit phagocytosis. 
C)  prevent degranulation of macrophages. 
D)  are antipyrogenic. 
E)  activate immune cells without being processed.

Question 12

Autophagy is used by a host cell to

Accepted Answer

A)  activate G-proteins. 
B)  regulate phagocytosis. 
C)  scavenge nutrients from damaged organelles. 
D)  fight extracellular pathogens. 
E)  induce apoptosis. 
A)  activate G-proteins. 
B)  regulate phagocytosis. 
C)  scavenge nutrients from damaged organelles. 
D)  fight extracellular pathogens. 
E)  induce apoptosis.

Question 13

Exotoxins

Accepted Answer

A)  are secreted by Gram-positive bacteria only. 
B)  primarily contain glycolipids. 
C)  are protein toxins made by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 
D)  serve as adhesins for mucosal pathogens. 
E)  contain lipid A. 
A)  are secreted by Gram-positive bacteria only. 
B)  primarily contain glycolipids. 
C)  are protein toxins made by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 
D)  serve as adhesins for mucosal pathogens. 
E)  contain lipid A.

Question 14

E. coli O157:H7 has a very low infectious dose because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is encapsulated. 
B)  disease results from a synergistic action with Shigella. 
C)  it is resistant to usually lethal gastric acid. 
D)  the intestine has many receptors for the toxin. 
E)  it secretes a superantigen. 
A)  it is encapsulated. 
B)  disease results from a synergistic action with Shigella. 
C)  it is resistant to usually lethal gastric acid. 
D)  the intestine has many receptors for the toxin. 
E)  it secretes a superantigen.

Question 15

Identify the parts labeled C, D, E, G, L, M, N in the figure below, and state what their purpose is.

Accepted Answer

They are protein components of the secre

Question 16

Mycobacterium, Trypanosomia, and Leishmania spp. are all unique in that once they are intracellular, they down-regulate the IFN-gamma receptor, causing

Accepted Answer

A)  immune-response suppression. 
B)  opsonization. 
C)  complement activation. 
D)  superantigen reactions. 
E)  high fever responses. 
A)  immune-response suppression. 
B)  opsonization. 
C)  complement activation. 
D)  superantigen reactions. 
E)  high fever responses.

Question 17

What characteristics of a pathogen distinguish it from a commensal, in terms of its ability to infect and replicate within a eukaryotic host?

Accepted Answer

Commensals are essentially relegated to

Question 18

What are ubiquitination signals? Describe how a microbe can redirect these signals for its own purposes.

Accepted Answer

Ubiquitination signals are a cellular re

Question 19

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin

Accepted Answer

A)  damages membranes. 
B)  increases protein synthesis. 
C)  activates second messenger pathways. 
D)  activates immune response. 
E)  acts as a capsule. 
A)  damages membranes. 
B)  increases protein synthesis. 
C)  activates second messenger pathways. 
D)  activates immune response. 
E)  acts as a capsule.

Question 20

Petechiae, which result from large amounts of endotoxin, are distinguished by which symptom?

Accepted Answer

A)  diarrhea 
B)  a pseudomembrane 
C)  elephantiasis 
D)  fever 
E)  a rash 
A)  diarrhea 
B)  a pseudomembrane 
C)  elephantiasis 
D)  fever 
E)  a rash

Exam 25: Microbial Pathogenesis

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about disease reservoirs?

Binding of the protein ________ of the EPEC pathogenicity system directly triggers a remarkable reorganization of host cellular cytoskeletal components.

What is the rationale for designating disease-causing protozoa and worms as parasites, not as pathogens?

A possible role for quorum sensing in pathogenicity is that it

Which of the following are also categorized as frank, or strict, pathogens?

What process is occurring in the figure below? Describe that process.

Which organism did Koch use to synthesize his two postulates?

Describe what kind of assembly is occurring in the figure below, and identify the molecules that are present.

Describe what is happening at step 1 in the figure below.

An example of vertical transmission of infectious agents is

Superantigens

Autophagy is used by a host cell to

Exotoxins

E. coli O157:H7 has a very low infectious dose because

Identify the parts labeled C, D, E, G, L, M, N in the figure below, and state what their purpose is.

Mycobacterium, Trypanosomia, and Leishmania spp. are all unique in that once they are intracellular, they down-regulate the IFN-gamma receptor, causing

What characteristics of a pathogen distinguish it from a commensal, in terms of its ability to infect and replicate within a eukaryotic host?

What are ubiquitination signals? Describe how a microbe can redirect these signals for its own purposes.

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin

Petechiae, which result from large amounts of endotoxin, are distinguished by which symptom?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters