Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a solution to the threat of fatigue?

Accepted Answer

A)  making the task more interesting 
B)  lengthening the time between treatments 
C)  keeping the tasks concise 
D)  keeping the tasks from being too complicated 
A)  making the task more interesting 
B)  lengthening the time between treatments 
C)  keeping the tasks concise 
D)  keeping the tasks from being too complicated

Question 2

Nabi and colleagues (2003) found that reality TV shows can:

Accepted Answer

A)  cause significant psychological damage to viewers. 
B)  promote downward social comparisons. 
C)  harm self-esteem. 
D)  be more status-oriented. 
A)  cause significant psychological damage to viewers. 
B)  promote downward social comparisons. 
C)  harm self-esteem. 
D)  be more status-oriented.

Question 3

Forty 9-year-olds were studied for 3 years and their attention to tasks and reading comprehension were assessed every month. The researchers implemented an academic program and detail-to-task program for each child over the course of the 3 years. The researchers published a paper noting that there were tremendous increases in attention to detail and reading comprehension from when the child was 9 years old to when the child was 12 years old. Researchers need to be careful claiming credit for this change because _____ may also account for the change.

Accepted Answer

A)  testing effect 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  attrition 
D)  maturation 
A)  testing effect 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  attrition 
D)  maturation

Question 4

A _____ is a self-report data collection strategy in which individuals record their behaviors and associated feelings concurrently.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral diary 
B)  repeated-measures design 
C)  case study 
D)  history 
A)  behavioral diary 
B)  repeated-measures design 
C)  case study 
D)  history

Question 5

Dr. Rappaport is studying short-term memory and attention in relation to a simple and repetitive cognitive task. However, starting in the fifth hour of the 10-hour study he noticed that the participants were starting to yawn and take coffee breaks. Not only were the participants fatigued, but they also were jumpy due to the increased caffeine intake. What should Dr. Rappaport be concerned with?

Accepted Answer

A)  testing effects and maturation 
B)  order effects and testing effects 
C)  history and maturation 
D)  attrition and history 
A)  testing effects and maturation 
B)  order effects and testing effects 
C)  history and maturation 
D)  attrition and history

Question 6

One possible solution to order effects is to expose participants to all possible treatment conditions and then randomly assign participants to each one of these different sequences. This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  carryover effects. 
B)  practice effects. 
C)  counterbalancing. 
D)  random assignment. 
A)  carryover effects. 
B)  practice effects. 
C)  counterbalancing. 
D)  random assignment.

Question 7

(Scenario II) Which of the following may have been a confounding variable in the study described in Scenario II?

Accepted Answer

A)  the order in which the faces were presented 
B)  collecting data from two independent universities 
C)  if the faces were familiar to the participants 
D)  if the same researcher ran each participant 
A)  the order in which the faces were presented 
B)  collecting data from two independent universities 
C)  if the faces were familiar to the participants 
D)  if the same researcher ran each participant

Question 8

Dr. Coria is in the process of reviewing a recent article submission and noticed that the authors stressed that the rats' intelligence increased because of the experimental manipulation. Dr. Coria is concerned that it was familiarity with the behavioral intervention of a maze, not an increase in intelligence. Dr. Coria is referring to:

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation. 
B)  instrumentation. 
C)  practice effects. 
D)  history. 
A)  maturation. 
B)  instrumentation. 
C)  practice effects. 
D)  history.

Question 9

In a 2012 study examining how personal self-evaluation and classification of feedback impact the experience of schadenfreude, the participants' self-evaluation was manipulated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  calling the participants mean names. 
B)  providing participants either negative or positive feedback. 
C)  showing them movies that made them sad or made them angry. 
D)  being told they were being expelled from the university. 
A)  calling the participants mean names. 
B)  providing participants either negative or positive feedback. 
C)  showing them movies that made them sad or made them angry. 
D)  being told they were being expelled from the university.

Question 10

The key difference between the use of behavioral diaries and naturalistic observations in research is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  in naturalistic observations the observer is recording their own behavior. 
B)  in naturalistic observations the observer is recording the target person's behavior. 
C)  in behavioral diaries the target person is recording the observer's behavior. 
D)  there is no difference between the methods. 
A)  in naturalistic observations the observer is recording their own behavior. 
B)  in naturalistic observations the observer is recording the target person's behavior. 
C)  in behavioral diaries the target person is recording the observer's behavior. 
D)  there is no difference between the methods.

Question 11

Dr. Mahoney is interested in collecting initial assessment data from multiple schools in the county and tracking progress on three different academic goals focused on improving academic and social success among youth in the area. Dr. Mahoney's research would best be addressed by using which type of design?

Accepted Answer

A)  pretest-posttest design 
B)  mixed model design 
C)  mixed factorial design 
D)  repeated-measures design 
A)  pretest-posttest design 
B)  mixed model design 
C)  mixed factorial design 
D)  repeated-measures design

Question 12

(Scenario I) Which statistic should the researchers use to analyze the data from Scenario I?

Accepted Answer

A)  t-test for independent means 
B)  one-factor between-subjects ANOVA 
C)  t-test for dependent means 
D)  one-factor within-subjects ANOVA 
A)  t-test for independent means 
B)  one-factor between-subjects ANOVA 
C)  t-test for dependent means 
D)  one-factor within-subjects ANOVA

Question 13

A(n) _____ is a statistic used to determine if there is statistically significant difference between two related sets of scores.

Accepted Answer

A)  t-test for dependent means 
B)  paired samples t-test 
C)  independent samples t-test 
D)  Latin square design 
A)  t-test for dependent means 
B)  paired samples t-test 
C)  independent samples t-test 
D)  Latin square design

Question 14

Which would be the most likely threat to internal validity for adults' anxiety and depression scores during the decade of 1929-1939, known for the Great Depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  testing effect 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  sensitization effect 
D)  history 
A)  testing effect 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  sensitization effect 
D)  history

Question 15

Hasan reminds his research methods students that in all within-subjects research studies, _____ assessed at different times and in different experimental conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same participants are 
B)  different participants are 
C)  all participants have to be the same age when 
D)  some participants are 
A)  the same participants are 
B)  different participants are 
C)  all participants have to be the same age when 
D)  some participants are

Question 16

Dr. Bauer is concerned that the changes in his participants' responses are due to their exposure to the sleep induction instrument and have nothing to do with their actual sleep disorder. Dr. Bauer is concerned about:

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation. 
B)  practice effects. 
C)  instrumentation. 
D)  history. 
A)  maturation. 
B)  practice effects. 
C)  instrumentation. 
D)  history.

Question 17

Dr. Kline emphasized to his research methods class that when conducting a pretest-posttest design it is very important to obtain baseline measurements:

Accepted Answer

A)  before any intervention or experimental manipulation has been implemented. 
B)  after any intervention or experimental manipulation has been implemented. 
C)  only when there is a behavioral experimental manipulation. 
D)  on a daily basis during the course of an intervention protocol. 
A)  before any intervention or experimental manipulation has been implemented. 
B)  after any intervention or experimental manipulation has been implemented. 
C)  only when there is a behavioral experimental manipulation. 
D)  on a daily basis during the course of an intervention protocol.

Question 18

According to researchers social comparison refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  comparing yourself with others. 
B)  differentiating distinctions among others. 
C)  a desire to see what one is not supposed to. 
D)  a lack of interest in what others are doing. 
A)  comparing yourself with others. 
B)  differentiating distinctions among others. 
C)  a desire to see what one is not supposed to. 
D)  a lack of interest in what others are doing.

Question 19

(Scenario II) Suppose the researchers of the study described in Scenario II increased the number of trials from 9 to 99. What potential order effect would be more likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  practice effect 
B)  carryover effect 
C)  fatigue effect 
D)  all of the above 
A)  practice effect 
B)  carryover effect 
C)  fatigue effect 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

Dr. Klein implemented a study examining sleep patterns and mood in various environments. Participants were first asked to collect baseline information regarding their typical sleep patterns, mood, and sleep conditions. Participants in his study were then asked to sleep in six distinct conditions: room temperature between 50 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit; room temperature between 61 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit; room temperature between 71 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit; room temperature between 81 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit; room temperature between 91 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit, and room temperature between 101 and 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Dr. Klein collected data during each experimental condition and assessed participants' sleep patterns and subsequent mood for each temperature condition. Dr. Klein is conducting a:

Accepted Answer

A)  nested design. 
B)  pretest-posttest design. 
C)  repeated-measures design. 
D)  longitudinal design. 
A)  nested design. 
B)  pretest-posttest design. 
C)  repeated-measures design. 
D)  longitudinal design.

Which of the following is NOT a solution to the threat of fatigue?

Nabi and colleagues (2003) found that reality TV shows can:

A _____ is a self-report data collection strategy in which individuals record their behaviors and associated feelings concurrently.

One possible solution to order effects is to expose participants to all possible treatment conditions and then randomly assign participants to each one of these different sequences. This is referred to as:

(Scenario II) Which of the following may have been a confounding variable in the study described in Scenario II?

In a 2012 study examining how personal self-evaluation and classification of feedback impact the experience of schadenfreude, the participants' self-evaluation was manipulated by:

The key difference between the use of behavioral diaries and naturalistic observations in research is that:

(Scenario I) Which statistic should the researchers use to analyze the data from Scenario I?

A(n) _____ is a statistic used to determine if there is statistically significant difference between two related sets of scores.

Which would be the most likely threat to internal validity for adults' anxiety and depression scores during the decade of 1929-1939, known for the Great Depression?

Hasan reminds his research methods students that in all within-subjects research studies, _____ assessed at different times and in different experimental conditions.

Dr. Bauer is concerned that the changes in his participants' responses are due to their exposure to the sleep induction instrument and have nothing to do with their actual sleep disorder. Dr. Bauer is concerned about:

Dr. Kline emphasized to his research methods class that when conducting a pretest-posttest design it is very important to obtain baseline measurements:

According to researchers social comparison refers to:

(Scenario II) Suppose the researchers of the study described in Scenario II increased the number of trials from 9 to 99. What potential order effect would be more likely to occur?

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

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Exam 10: Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Which of the following is NOT a solution to the threat of fatigue?

Nabi and colleagues (2003) found that reality TV shows can:

A _____ is a self-report data collection strategy in which individuals record their behaviors and associated feelings concurrently.

One possible solution to order effects is to expose participants to all possible treatment conditions and then randomly assign participants to each one of these different sequences. This is referred to as:

(Scenario II) Which of the following may have been a confounding variable in the study described in Scenario II?

In a 2012 study examining how personal self-evaluation and classification of feedback impact the experience of schadenfreude, the participants' self-evaluation was manipulated by:

The key difference between the use of behavioral diaries and naturalistic observations in research is that:

(Scenario I) Which statistic should the researchers use to analyze the data from Scenario I?

A(n) _____ is a statistic used to determine if there is statistically significant difference between two related sets of scores.

Which would be the most likely threat to internal validity for adults' anxiety and depression scores during the decade of 1929-1939, known for the Great Depression?

Hasan reminds his research methods students that in all within-subjects research studies, _____ assessed at different times and in different experimental conditions.

Dr. Bauer is concerned that the changes in his participants' responses are due to their exposure to the sleep induction instrument and have nothing to do with their actual sleep disorder. Dr. Bauer is concerned about:

Dr. Kline emphasized to his research methods class that when conducting a pretest-posttest design it is very important to obtain baseline measurements:

According to researchers social comparison refers to:

(Scenario II) Suppose the researchers of the study described in Scenario II increased the number of trials from 9 to 99. What potential order effect would be more likely to occur?

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

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