Exam 1: Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

Which of the following states that extreme outcomes are more likely when considering fewer cases?

All of the following are characteristics of a good scientist, EXCEPT:

If the National Heart Association conducted a longitudinal study of 100 individuals over the course of their lives, data from whom of the following would likely be considered an outlier based on national cardiac trends?

Introspective analysis about an event or an area of interest tends to result in the pleasure paradox, which means that an individual:

_____ is the process of reflecting on one's own thoughts and experiences to find relevant evidence that can be used to evaluate claims about ourselves and the world.

_____ is gaining knowledge with the use of systematic observation, experience, or measurement.

Juries may be more lenient when determining the innocence or guilt of individuals who appear attractive, sharply dressed, and well-mannered, because of the:

(Scenario I) Dawn was recently arrested for public intoxication and was ordered by the judge to research alcohol abuse. During her research she stumbled upon an article in her local newspaper based on the study described in Scenario I. She presents the information to her lawyer who uses it as evidence for the importance of alcohol on physical and mental health and argues that Dawn's public intoxication charges should be dropped. Which flaw in thinking is apparent in this situation?

Raquel is interested in determining whether astrological signs are predictive of personality traits. To investigate this, she examines her own behaviors, finds that they match the predictions in her astrology book, and concludes that everyone's astrological sign does indeed predict how they will behave. Believing that everyone thinks and behaves like her is an error that stems from Raquel's use of the:

Which of the following is not a typical career skill that develops in response to understanding and engaging in psychological research methods?

_____ is gaining knowledge with the use of nonsystematic methods such as the examination of personal experiences and opinions.

Professor Emil was shocked to learn that almost 25% of her statistics class submitted their final project online days past the due date. Interestingly enough, Professor Emil never received emails from her students suggesting that there was any concern about having enough time to complete the project. This suggests that students waited until the last minute to start the project. As a result, they likely underestimated the amount of time it would take to complete Professor Emil's comprehensive, multi-step statistics project. By students thinking they could complete the entire project in an abbreviated amount of time, they demonstrated the:

First-born children may think they are stronger leaders than their siblings, whereas middle children may think they are more patient and understanding than their siblings, and youngest children may think they are more creative than their siblings. Each of these beliefs demonstrates a natural tendency for individuals to endorse the:

_____ relating to an activity that you love can lead you to like it _____.

Galileo once said, "All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them." This is best representative of the:

The tendency to value anecdotes and personal experience is believed to stem from a(n):

Claims that "vaping" is a much healthier alternative to smoking traditional cigarettes does not consider longitudinal studies of health effects, but rather current reports of health. Those making the claims are utilizing which of the following?

Replication within the research community leads to:

Drs. Tavris and Aronson wrote the book, _____, which discussed how individuals can break away from flawed ways of thinking by using the scientific method.

Empirical research is: