Question 1

Which of the following factors best serves to define what is reinforcing to individual students?

Accepted Answer

A) emotional regulation. 
B) cognitive level. 
C) motivation. 
D) attention. 
A) emotional regulation. 
B) cognitive level. 
C) motivation. 
D) attention.

Question 2

Six-year-old Julian has recently learned to appreciate the value of money, so his father assigns him some simple housekeeping chores to be performed throughout the week.He tells Julian that completion of these chores will earn him an allowance of one dollar every Saturday.Julian rarely completes his chores.From an operant conditioning perspective, which one of the following is most likely to be the reason why Julian is not doing his chores?

Accepted Answer

A) Reinforcement is not immediate. 
B) Reinforcement is not contingent on the desired response. 
C) Money is not an effective reinforcer for most six-year-olds. 
D) The reinforcer is presented before the response. 
A) Reinforcement is not immediate. 
B) Reinforcement is not contingent on the desired response. 
C) Money is not an effective reinforcer for most six-year-olds. 
D) The reinforcer is presented before the response.

Question 3

The best example of a social reinforcer is:

Accepted Answer

A) getting a new outfit that you think is "cool." 
B) being allowed to play ball hockey at a friend's house after you finish your homework. 
C) being told that you did a good job. 
D) feeling good about your own generosity toward a less fortunate classmate. 
A) getting a new outfit that you think is "cool." 
B) being allowed to play ball hockey at a friend's house after you finish your homework. 
C) being told that you did a good job. 
D) feeling good about your own generosity toward a less fortunate classmate.

Question 4

Three of the following are recommendations for using punishment humanely.Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

A) follow through with consequences. 
B) explain why punished behaviour is not acceptable. 
C) punishment and reinforcement should be separate. 
D) highlight that it is the behaviour that is unacceptable. 
A) follow through with consequences. 
B) explain why punished behaviour is not acceptable. 
C) punishment and reinforcement should be separate. 
D) highlight that it is the behaviour that is unacceptable.

Question 5

Three of the following are examples of operant conditioning.Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

A) Andrew gives his dog Maggie a scrap of food from his plate whenever Maggie begs at the dinner table.Before long, Maggie is by Andrew's side begging at every meal. 
B) Bart uses obscene words when he speaks in class.His teacher scolds him for such language in front of his classmates.Much to the teacher's dismay, Bart's use of obscene words increases. 
C) Carol's room has been a disaster area for more than a month, with toys and clothes lying about everywhere.Carol's mother has told her that, once the room has been cleaned, they will spend a day at the zoo.There is no noticeable improvement in Carol's housekeeping habits. 
D) Daniel once went to visit the elderly woman next door, and she gave him a couple of homemade cookies.Now Daniel goes to see the woman almost every day after school and comes home a half an hour later still licking crumbs off his lips. 
A) Andrew gives his dog Maggie a scrap of food from his plate whenever Maggie begs at the dinner table.Before long, Maggie is by Andrew's side begging at every meal. 
B) Bart uses obscene words when he speaks in class.His teacher scolds him for such language in front of his classmates.Much to the teacher's dismay, Bart's use of obscene words increases. 
C) Carol's room has been a disaster area for more than a month, with toys and clothes lying about everywhere.Carol's mother has told her that, once the room has been cleaned, they will spend a day at the zoo.There is no noticeable improvement in Carol's housekeeping habits. 
D) Daniel once went to visit the elderly woman next door, and she gave him a couple of homemade cookies.Now Daniel goes to see the woman almost every day after school and comes home a half an hour later still licking crumbs off his lips.

Question 6

Which one of the following statements best illustrates the process of cueing acceptable behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A) "Does anyone know why Henry isn't in school today?" 
B) "Thank you, everyone, for following the format I asked you to use on your math papers.It makes them easier for me to grade." 
C) "Students who are sitting quietly will be the first ones to be dismissed." 
D) "Who is planning to try out for the school play after school today?" 
A) "Does anyone know why Henry isn't in school today?" 
B) "Thank you, everyone, for following the format I asked you to use on your math papers.It makes them easier for me to grade." 
C) "Students who are sitting quietly will be the first ones to be dismissed." 
D) "Who is planning to try out for the school play after school today?"

Question 7

Which one of the following situations illustrates extinction of a classically conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A) Alfonso thinks school is a waste of time because he does not learn anything he can really use. 
B) Brian experiences more and more anxiety about mathematics as his math problems become increasingly challenging. 
C) Carla becomes less afraid of tests over time when she finds that she can succeed at them. 
D) Deirdre does not like keeping her desk clean because she has too much stuff. 
A) Alfonso thinks school is a waste of time because he does not learn anything he can really use. 
B) Brian experiences more and more anxiety about mathematics as his math problems become increasingly challenging. 
C) Carla becomes less afraid of tests over time when she finds that she can succeed at them. 
D) Deirdre does not like keeping her desk clean because she has too much stuff.

Question 8

Lana wears bell-bottom pants to school, and her classmates tease her about them.As soon as she gets home, Lana throws the pants in the trash.The teasing is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement of an incompatible behaviour. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) presentation punishment. 
D) removal punishment. 
A) reinforcement of an incompatible behaviour. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) presentation punishment. 
D) removal punishment.

Question 9

Lori has learned that when she wants to say something in class, she must raise her hand before doing so.At home, however, she speaks without ever raising her hand ahead of time.We can say that the classroom has become a(n) ____ for Lori's hand-raising behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) generalized stimulus 
B) antecedent stimulus 
C) positive stimulus 
D) negative reinforcer 
A) generalized stimulus 
B) antecedent stimulus 
C) positive stimulus 
D) negative reinforcer

Question 10

Ms.Vautour starts each class by describing her expectations for the period in concrete ways.Why is this important according to behaviourists?

Accepted Answer

A) students should view their teachers as authority. 
B) so you can better determine if progress is being made. 
C) to help students focus their attention. 
D) young children need concrete examples. 
A) students should view their teachers as authority. 
B) so you can better determine if progress is being made. 
C) to help students focus their attention. 
D) young children need concrete examples.

Question 11

The best example of intrinsic reinforcement is:

Accepted Answer

A) getting a new outfit that you think is "cool." 
B) being allowed to play ball hockey at a friend's house after you finish your homework. 
C) being told that you did a good job. 
D) feeling good about your own generosity toward a less fortunate classmate. 
A) getting a new outfit that you think is "cool." 
B) being allowed to play ball hockey at a friend's house after you finish your homework. 
C) being told that you did a good job. 
D) feeling good about your own generosity toward a less fortunate classmate.

Question 12

What is the main difference between contiguity and contingency?:

Accepted Answer

A) the predictability of two things occurring together. 
B) affect vs.behaviour. 
C) one is more extinguishable. 
D) one is more demanding cognitively. 
A) the predictability of two things occurring together. 
B) affect vs.behaviour. 
C) one is more extinguishable. 
D) one is more demanding cognitively.

Question 13

Jacob loses his best friend Tyler when he tattles on Tyler at recess.Jacob learns that tattling on friends is not a good idea.The loss of Tyler's friendship is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) presentation punishment. 
D) removal punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) presentation punishment. 
D) removal punishment.

Question 14

Leah has been painting graffiti on the school walls after school hours.The school principal and the school counsellor discuss this problem and finally agree that they will try to eliminate Leah's graffiti-painting by asking her to chair a Clean-Up-The-School committee, then giving her school-wide recognition for her efforts.The counsellor is suggesting:

Accepted Answer

A) cueing. 
B) reinforcement of an incompatible behaviour. 
C) presentation punishment. 
D) removal punishment. 
A) cueing. 
B) reinforcement of an incompatible behaviour. 
C) presentation punishment. 
D) removal punishment.

Question 15

Distinguish among positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, presentation punishment, and removal punishment.Give a concrete example of each.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement is a consequence

Question 16

Caleb continually blurts out the answers to Mr.Karowski's questions, to the point where other students rarely have a chance to respond.Mr.Karowski decides to ignore Caleb's behaviour, hoping that it will decrease if he does not pay attention to it.Mr.Karowski is applying the behaviourist principle of _________ in his treatment of Caleb.

Accepted Answer

A) intermittent reinforcement 
B) extinction 
C) punishment 
D) incompatible behaviour 
A) intermittent reinforcement 
B) extinction 
C) punishment 
D) incompatible behaviour

Question 17

Heather, a student with an undiagnosed learning disability, misbehaves during language arts and is sent to the principal's office.Heather's strategy might be indicative of:

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) Premack principle. 
C) punishment. 
D) negative reinforcement. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) Premack principle. 
C) punishment. 
D) negative reinforcement.

Question 18

Which one of the following is the best example of punishment as behaviourists define it?

Accepted Answer

A) Kelly has been acting up in the classroom all year.Her teacher's frequent reprimands have not made much of a difference in Kelly's behaviour. 
B) William is a real distraction to his classmates, often burping in a way that makes other students laugh.His teacher places him in a corner where others cannot hear him burping. 
C) Whenever Yerif has trouble sitting still, his teacher has him run up and down the hall three times to release pent-up energy. 
D) After Lois spends a few minutes in the time-out room for hurting a classmate's feelings, she acts more compassionately toward that classmate in the future. 
A) Kelly has been acting up in the classroom all year.Her teacher's frequent reprimands have not made much of a difference in Kelly's behaviour. 
B) William is a real distraction to his classmates, often burping in a way that makes other students laugh.His teacher places him in a corner where others cannot hear him burping. 
C) Whenever Yerif has trouble sitting still, his teacher has him run up and down the hall three times to release pent-up energy. 
D) After Lois spends a few minutes in the time-out room for hurting a classmate's feelings, she acts more compassionately toward that classmate in the future.

Question 19

In each of the following situations, a person is learning through either reinforcement or punishment.Classify each situation as involving one of these four consequences: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, presentation punishment, or removal punishment.Then explain why you chose the answer you did.
a.Because Danielle fails her math class, she is taken off the school dance squad.
b.Jonah always does his homework assignments as soon as he gets them so he will not have to worry about them anymore.
c.Leslie and Beth are giggling together in the back of the classroom.Their teacher scowls at them.They are embarrassed and stop their giggling.
d.A teacher finds that by yelling at her students when they get too rowdy, they will settle down and be quiet for a while.(Focus on the teacher.)

Accepted Answer

Responses to various parts of the questi

Question 20

Which of the following is the closest to the concept of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) conditioned stimulus. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) unconditioned response. 
A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) conditioned stimulus. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) unconditioned response.

Which of the following factors best serves to define what is reinforcing to individual students?

The best example of a social reinforcer is:

Three of the following are recommendations for using punishment humanely.Which one is not?

Three of the following are examples of operant conditioning.Which one is not?

Which one of the following statements best illustrates the process of cueing acceptable behaviours?

Which one of the following situations illustrates extinction of a classically conditioned response?

Lana wears bell-bottom pants to school, and her classmates tease her about them.As soon as she gets home, Lana throws the pants in the trash.The teasing is an example of:

Lori has learned that when she wants to say something in class, she must raise her hand before doing so.At home, however, she speaks without ever raising her hand ahead of time.We can say that the classroom has become a(n) ____ for Lori's hand-raising behaviour.

Ms.Vautour starts each class by describing her expectations for the period in concrete ways.Why is this important according to behaviourists?

The best example of intrinsic reinforcement is:

What is the main difference between contiguity and contingency?:

Jacob loses his best friend Tyler when he tattles on Tyler at recess.Jacob learns that tattling on friends is not a good idea.The loss of Tyler's friendship is an example of:

Distinguish among positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, presentation punishment, and removal punishment.Give a concrete example of each.

Heather, a student with an undiagnosed learning disability, misbehaves during language arts and is sent to the principal's office.Heather's strategy might be indicative of:

Which one of the following is the best example of punishment as behaviourists define it?

Which of the following is the closest to the concept of learning?

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters

Exam 5: Learning and Behaviour Processes

Which of the following factors best serves to define what is reinforcing to individual students?

The best example of a social reinforcer is:

Three of the following are recommendations for using punishment humanely.Which one is not?

Three of the following are examples of operant conditioning.Which one is not?

Which one of the following statements best illustrates the process of cueing acceptable behaviours?

Which one of the following situations illustrates extinction of a classically conditioned response?

Lana wears bell-bottom pants to school, and her classmates tease her about them.As soon as she gets home, Lana throws the pants in the trash.The teasing is an example of:

Lori has learned that when she wants to say something in class, she must raise her hand before doing so.At home, however, she speaks without ever raising her hand ahead of time.We can say that the classroom has become a(n) ____ for Lori's hand-raising behaviour.

Ms.Vautour starts each class by describing her expectations for the period in concrete ways.Why is this important according to behaviourists?

The best example of intrinsic reinforcement is:

What is the main difference between contiguity and contingency?:

Jacob loses his best friend Tyler when he tattles on Tyler at recess.Jacob learns that tattling on friends is not a good idea.The loss of Tyler's friendship is an example of:

Distinguish among positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, presentation punishment, and removal punishment.Give a concrete example of each.

Heather, a student with an undiagnosed learning disability, misbehaves during language arts and is sent to the principal's office.Heather's strategy might be indicative of:

Which one of the following is the best example of punishment as behaviourists define it?

Which of the following is the closest to the concept of learning?

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters