Exam 5: The Working Cell

What is energy?

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). Biomedical scientists have recently developed an anticancer drug delivery system that sneaks the anticancer drug into cancer cells before releasing it. They were able to do this by using two sets of liposomes. An anticancer drug (Doxorubicin (Dox)) bound to DNA molecules was added into one set of liposomes (type A), and a high concentration of ATP molecules were added to the other set of liposomes (type B). The drug is inactive when bound to DNA molecules. Researchers inject both types of liposomes (A and B) into cancer cells, and upon doing so their contents are released. The ATP molecules (from liposome type A) bind to the DNA molecules (from liposome type B) and activate the drug, thus inducing cell death and decreasing tumor size. Mice with breast cancer tumors were treated with this liposome system to test the effectiveness of the drug. The scientists performed three trials one with both types of liposomes (Dox + ATP), one with just the drug (Dox only), and one with a salt solution (control). Examine the figure below and answer the following questions. -What would be the best experiment to test the effectiveness of this anticancer drug system?

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). Cellular respiration converts the energy of fuel molecules to a form of energy that a cell can use to perform work. In an average day, most adult humans need to consume about 2,000 Calories to maintain their health. However, the exact amount of dietary Calories a person needs depends upon many factors, including the person's age, physical activity, size, and health. Foods that we consume vary greatly in their nutritional content and quality. A large hard-boiled egg, for example, has about 75 dietary Calories and contains about 70% of our recommended daily intake of cholesterol. -Molecules that come from the food we eat provide energy for the amazing work that goes on inside of our cells.This energy,stored inside of our food,is a form of ________.

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell.The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ________.

Which component of the following reaction is the substrate? sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose

A rock on the top of a mountain contains ________ energy.

You have a 2-kg bottle of liquid water at 0°C.About how many Calories are needed to heat up the water to 100°C?

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). Cellular respiration converts the energy of fuel molecules to a form of energy that a cell can use to perform work. In an average day, most adult humans need to consume about 2,000 Calories to maintain their health. However, the exact amount of dietary Calories a person needs depends upon many factors, including the person's age, physical activity, size, and health. Foods that we consume vary greatly in their nutritional content and quality. A large hard-boiled egg, for example, has about 75 dietary Calories and contains about 70% of our recommended daily intake of cholesterol. -Running burns approximately 600 Calories per hour.If you ate four hard-boiled eggs,how long would you have to run to burn them off?

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). Cellular respiration converts the energy of fuel molecules to a form of energy that a cell can use to perform work. In an average day, most adult humans need to consume about 2,000 Calories to maintain their health. However, the exact amount of dietary Calories a person needs depends upon many factors, including the person's age, physical activity, size, and health. Foods that we consume vary greatly in their nutritional content and quality. A large hard-boiled egg, for example, has about 75 dietary Calories and contains about 70% of our recommended daily intake of cholesterol. -The amount of dietary Calories in one hard-boiled egg could raise the temperature of ________.

Which one of the following is TRUE?

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution.A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution.What will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker?

Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n)________.

What molecules are scientists currently trying to use to power nanotechnology devices,such as microscopic robots?

Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system?

An enzyme's function is most dependent on its ________.

Diffusion is an example of ________.

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ________.

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ________.

Which of the following molecules spontaneously form membranes when mixed in water and most likely were one of the first organic compounds formed on Earth?

If placed in tap water,an animal cell will undergo lysis,whereas a plant cell will not.What accounts for this difference?