Question 1

Where would we expect to find electrical synapses?

Accepted Answer

A)  within the brain 
B)  within the heart 
C)  within the spinal cord 
D)  between interneurons and motor neurons 
A)  within the brain 
B)  within the heart 
C)  within the spinal cord 
D)  between interneurons and motor neurons B

Question 2

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a fatal disorder characterized by muscle weakness. Stumbling when walking or difficulty with using a hand is a typical early symptom. Individuals with ALS lose the ability to consciously control movement, though cognitive and sensory functions generally remain unimpaired. There is currently no cure for ALS.
-Given the symptoms of ALS,what part of the nervous system is functioning abnormally?

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomic nervous system 
B)  central nervous system 
C)  motor system 
D)  sympathetic division 
A)  autonomic nervous system 
B)  central nervous system 
C)  motor system 
D)  sympathetic division C

Question 3

In a chemical synapse,what is the name of the gap between the sending and receiving cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic terminal 
B)  action potential 
C)  synaptic cleft 
D)  myelin sheath 
A)  synaptic terminal 
B)  action potential 
C)  synaptic cleft 
D)  myelin sheath C

Question 4

Functionally,what is the muscle fiber's fundamental unit of contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  thick filament 
B)  thin filament 
C)  myofibril 
D)  sarcomere 
A)  thick filament 
B)  thin filament 
C)  myofibril 
D)  sarcomere

Question 5

Scenario Questions
Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions.
The human eye is an incredible organ, capable of gathering light to focus on images near and far, in bright light or dim, and with quick adjustments between these extremes. However, eyes can develop problems, such as floaters, which are small particles that interfere with the transmission of light between the lens and the retina, and bloodshot eyes, which occur when irritants such as dust or smoke get in the eye.
-When light levels suddenly increase,our eyes adjust quickly by reducing the size of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pupil 
B)  retina 
C)  iris 
D)  cornea 
A)  pupil 
B)  retina 
C)  iris 
D)  cornea

Question 6

The figure below shows the structure of an arm bone.Which part of a bone contains stored fat?

Accepted Answer

A)  red bone marrow 
B)  cartilage 
C)  the ends 
D)  yellow bone marrow 
A)  red bone marrow 
B)  cartilage 
C)  the ends 
D)  yellow bone marrow

Question 7

What best helps a broken bone heal?

Accepted Answer

A)  grafting new bone to the region 
B)  exercising the area with the broken bone 
C)  taking calcium supplements 
D)  returning the broken bone parts back to their natural shape and then immobilizing the bone 
A)  grafting new bone to the region 
B)  exercising the area with the broken bone 
C)  taking calcium supplements 
D)  returning the broken bone parts back to their natural shape and then immobilizing the bone

Question 8

Examine the figure below.Once an action potential is triggered,________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the interior of the cell becomes positively charged relative to the outside 
B)  the interior of the cell becomes negatively charged relative to the outside 
C)  all ion channels close 
D)  the cell soon reaches threshold 
A)  the interior of the cell becomes positively charged relative to the outside 
B)  the interior of the cell becomes negatively charged relative to the outside 
C)  all ion channels close 
D)  the cell soon reaches threshold

Question 9

Thermoreceptors detect ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  motion 
B)  sound 
C)  pressure 
D)  temperature 
A)  motion 
B)  sound 
C)  pressure 
D)  temperature

Question 10

Which one of the following is used to combat osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium and vitamin therapy 
B)  anti-inflammatory medicines 
C)  opiates 
D)  splints or casts 
A)  calcium and vitamin therapy 
B)  anti-inflammatory medicines 
C)  opiates 
D)  splints or casts

Question 11

What causes the inside of a membrane to become positively charged during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negatively charged ions rush out. 
B)  Positively charged ions rush in. 
C)  Positively charged ions rush out. 
D)  Negatively charged ions rush in. 
A)  Negatively charged ions rush out. 
B)  Positively charged ions rush in. 
C)  Positively charged ions rush out. 
D)  Negatively charged ions rush in.

Question 12

Multiple sclerosis involves primarily ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  destruction of the medulla oblongata 
B)  deterioration of the corpus callosum 
C)  destruction of the myelin sheath 
D)  deterioration of parts of the spinal cord 
A)  destruction of the medulla oblongata 
B)  deterioration of the corpus callosum 
C)  destruction of the myelin sheath 
D)  deterioration of parts of the spinal cord

Question 13

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions.
Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder in which a mutation causes the production of a protein, which damages cells in the brain. Symptoms typically begin with changes in personality, attention, and reasoning. Uncoordinated and uncontrolled movements develop, such that physical abilities become limited. Cognitive problems worsen into dementia. There is currently no cure for Huntington's disease.
-Given the symptoms of Huntington's disease,which structure in the brain is being damaged by the abnormal protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  cerebrum 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  brainstem 
A)  cerebellum 
B)  cerebrum 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  brainstem

Question 14

In a species,what is required for a new sensory adaptation to evolve by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals that needed this trait mutated a sensory receptor to create the new adaptation. 
B)  Individuals that possessed this trait produced more offspring than those that did not possess the trait. 
C)  Individuals that possessed this trait survived by chance, and passed on the trait to their offspring. 
D)  Individuals immigrated to a new area, and brought the trait with them. 
A)  Individuals that needed this trait mutated a sensory receptor to create the new adaptation. 
B)  Individuals that possessed this trait produced more offspring than those that did not possess the trait. 
C)  Individuals that possessed this trait survived by chance, and passed on the trait to their offspring. 
D)  Individuals immigrated to a new area, and brought the trait with them.

Question 15

The cerebral cortex is highly folded.Why might this be an advantage for the functions of the cerebrum?

Accepted Answer

A)  The increased surface area increases the area for higher-level thinking. 
B)  The increased surface area permits greater contact between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. 
C)  The folds form grooves that let the bones of the skull reach deeply down between brain regions. 
D)  The folds increase the areas where sensory receptors can reach the brain's surface. 
A)  The increased surface area increases the area for higher-level thinking. 
B)  The increased surface area permits greater contact between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. 
C)  The folds form grooves that let the bones of the skull reach deeply down between brain regions. 
D)  The folds increase the areas where sensory receptors can reach the brain's surface.

Question 16

The organ of Corti is in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  outer ear 
B)  inner ear 
C)  middle ear 
D)  eardrum 
A)  outer ear 
B)  inner ear 
C)  middle ear 
D)  eardrum

Question 17

Examine the neurotransmitters in the synapse in the accompanying figure.What might happen to these neurotransmitters after step 4 is complete? The neurotransmitters ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are transported back to the sending neuron 
B)  are transported into the receiving neuron 
C)  remain in the synaptic cleft 
D)  trigger an action potential in the sending neuron 
A)  are transported back to the sending neuron 
B)  are transported into the receiving neuron 
C)  remain in the synaptic cleft 
D)  trigger an action potential in the sending neuron

Question 18

In the nervous system,integration ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs at the axon 
B)  inevitably results in the attainment of a threshold potential 
C)  is the analysis and interpretation of sensory signals and the formulation of appropriate responses 
D)  is the assimilation of memories 
A)  occurs at the axon 
B)  inevitably results in the attainment of a threshold potential 
C)  is the analysis and interpretation of sensory signals and the formulation of appropriate responses 
D)  is the assimilation of memories

Question 19

According to the sliding-filament model of muscle contraction,a sarcomere contracts when its ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thick filaments slide across the ends of the sarcomere 
B)  thin filaments slide across the ends of the sarcomere 
C)  thin and thick filaments slide further away from each other 
D)  thin and thick filaments slide past each other to get closer together 
A)  thick filaments slide across the ends of the sarcomere 
B)  thin filaments slide across the ends of the sarcomere 
C)  thin and thick filaments slide further away from each other 
D)  thin and thick filaments slide past each other to get closer together

Question 20

Standing out in center field,the baseball player watches the hitter's bat strike the ball and then,slightly later,hears the sound of the impact.What types of sensory receptors did the player just use?

Accepted Answer

A)  thermoreceptors and chemoreceptors 
B)  photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors 
C)  chemoreceptors and pain receptors 
D)  pain receptors and thermoreceptors 
A)  thermoreceptors and chemoreceptors 
B)  photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors 
C)  chemoreceptors and pain receptors 
D)  pain receptors and thermoreceptors

Exam 27: Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

Where would we expect to find electrical synapses?

In a chemical synapse,what is the name of the gap between the sending and receiving cells?

Functionally,what is the muscle fiber's fundamental unit of contraction?

The figure below shows the structure of an arm bone.Which part of a bone contains stored fat?

What best helps a broken bone heal?

Examine the figure below.Once an action potential is triggered,________.

Thermoreceptors detect ________.

Which one of the following is used to combat osteoporosis?

What causes the inside of a membrane to become positively charged during an action potential?

Multiple sclerosis involves primarily ________.

In a species,what is required for a new sensory adaptation to evolve by natural selection?

The cerebral cortex is highly folded.Why might this be an advantage for the functions of the cerebrum?

The organ of Corti is in the ________.

Examine the neurotransmitters in the synapse in the accompanying figure.What might happen to these neurotransmitters after step 4 is complete? The neurotransmitters ________.

In the nervous system,integration ________.

According to the sliding-filament model of muscle contraction,a sarcomere contracts when its ________.

Standing out in center field,the baseball player watches the hitter's bat strike the ball and then,slightly later,hears the sound of the impact.What types of sensory receptors did the player just use?

Introduction: Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of DNA

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Body's Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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