Question 1

Animals such as hydras and jellies can exchange gases directly with the environment by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  active transport 
C)  osmosis 
D)  bulk transport 
A)  diffusion 
B)  active transport 
C)  osmosis 
D)  bulk transport A

Question 2

You increase your risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing your consumption of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fruits and vegetables 
B)  red meats 
C)  products containing trans fats 
D)  tobacco products 
A)  fruits and vegetables 
B)  red meats 
C)  products containing trans fats 
D)  tobacco products A

Question 3

Why do cigarette smokers cough more than most people do?

Accepted Answer

A)  The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveoli stick closed. Coughing opens them. 
B)  Coughing is the respiratory system's attempt to clear itself of the thick mucus that is produced in response to smoke exposure. 
C)  Cigarette smoking partially paralyzes the lungs; coughing exchanges the resultant "dead air." 
D)  Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungs. 
A)  The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveoli stick closed. Coughing opens them. 
B)  Coughing is the respiratory system's attempt to clear itself of the thick mucus that is produced in response to smoke exposure. 
C)  Cigarette smoking partially paralyzes the lungs; coughing exchanges the resultant "dead air." 
D)  Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungs. B

Question 4

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of ambient carbon dioxide levels on yawning.
-If yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing,then which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Athletes should yawn more when exercising compared to when they are not exercising. 
B)  Tibetan mountaineers yawn more when they are walking compared to when they are standing still. 
C)  People adapted to lower altitudes should yawn the same amount when they are at high altitudes. 
D)  Athletes who have trained at high altitudes should inhale a greater volume of air when yawning compared to those who have trained only at low altitudes. 
A)  Athletes should yawn more when exercising compared to when they are not exercising. 
B)  Tibetan mountaineers yawn more when they are walking compared to when they are standing still. 
C)  People adapted to lower altitudes should yawn the same amount when they are at high altitudes. 
D)  Athletes who have trained at high altitudes should inhale a greater volume of air when yawning compared to those who have trained only at low altitudes.

Question 5

In a human,the ________ provide(s)a common passageway for both food and air.

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchioles 
B)  trachea 
C)  pharynx 
D)  alveoli 
A)  bronchioles 
B)  trachea 
C)  pharynx 
D)  alveoli

Question 6

The figure below shows that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin can bind to either oxygen or carbon dioxide 
B)  a hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four molecules of oxygen 
C)  a red blood cell contains four hemoglobin molecules 
D)  each iron atom can bind four oxygen molecules 
A)  hemoglobin can bind to either oxygen or carbon dioxide 
B)  a hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four molecules of oxygen 
C)  a red blood cell contains four hemoglobin molecules 
D)  each iron atom can bind four oxygen molecules

Question 7

In animals with a closed circulatory system,gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  arteries 
B)  arterioles 
C)  capillaries 
D)  venules 
A)  arteries 
B)  arterioles 
C)  capillaries 
D)  venules

Question 8

In the human respiratory system,gas exchange occurs across the cells of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  diaphragm 
B)  trachea 
C)  bronchi 
D)  alveoli 
A)  diaphragm 
B)  trachea 
C)  bronchi 
D)  alveoli

Question 9

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of ambient carbon dioxide levels on yawning.
-To graph their results,the scientists would plot the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  number of yawns on the x-axis 
B)  dependent variable on the x-axis 
C)  level of carbon dioxide on the x-axis 
D)  age of college students on the x-axis 
A)  number of yawns on the x-axis 
B)  dependent variable on the x-axis 
C)  level of carbon dioxide on the x-axis 
D)  age of college students on the x-axis

Question 10

Blood pressure is lowest in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  veins 
B)  capillaries 
C)  arterioles 
D)  venules 
A)  veins 
B)  capillaries 
C)  arterioles 
D)  venules

Question 11

Animals need O₂ because it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plays a role in obtaining energy from food 
B)  helps animals synthesize proteins 
C)  is necessary to make CO₂ 
D)  is needed to deliver hemoglobin to the cells of an animal's body 
A)  plays a role in obtaining energy from food 
B)  helps animals synthesize proteins 
C)  is necessary to make CO₂ 
D)  is needed to deliver hemoglobin to the cells of an animal's body

Question 12

How does a shark's cardiovascular system differ from that of a mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The shark's heart does not directly pump oxygenated blood to the systemic tissues. 
B)  The shark's heart receives both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 
C)  The shark's circulatory system has a pulmonary and a systemic circuit. 
D)  The shark's blood is pumped through open-ended tubes. 
A)  The shark's heart does not directly pump oxygenated blood to the systemic tissues. 
B)  The shark's heart receives both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 
C)  The shark's circulatory system has a pulmonary and a systemic circuit. 
D)  The shark's blood is pumped through open-ended tubes.

Question 13

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of ambient carbon dioxide levels on yawning.
-When a person exhales to complete a yawn,what happens?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rib muscles contract. 
B)  The diaphragm contracts. 
C)  The rib muscles act in the same way that they do in an inhalation. 
D)  The diaphragm relaxes. 
A)  The rib muscles contract. 
B)  The diaphragm contracts. 
C)  The rib muscles act in the same way that they do in an inhalation. 
D)  The diaphragm relaxes.

Question 14

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
In sickle cell disease (SCD), a mutation in hemoglobin causes deoxygenated hemoglobin to stick together in long chains, which in turn distorts red blood cells into an elongated, sickle (crescent) shape.
-In a person with SCD,where would red blood cells with a sickle shape be LEAST likely to be found?

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary arteries 
B)  pulmonary veins 
C)  right atrium 
D)  right ventricle 
A)  pulmonary arteries 
B)  pulmonary veins 
C)  right atrium 
D)  right ventricle

Question 15

The cardiovascular system of a mouse works like that of a human.A mouse is moved from sea level (low altitude)to the top of a mountain (high altitude).How could this mouse's cardiovascular system maintain a similar rate of oxygen delivery to its tissues now that the mouse is at the top of the mountain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease breathing rate. 
B)  Decrease heart rate. 
C)  Increase the depth of ventilation. 
D)  Increase lung pressure. 
A)  Decrease breathing rate. 
B)  Decrease heart rate. 
C)  Increase the depth of ventilation. 
D)  Increase lung pressure.

Question 16

The buildup of plaque in the walls of arteries results in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  leukemia 
B)  atherosclerosis 
C)  anemia 
D)  low blood pressure 
A)  leukemia 
B)  atherosclerosis 
C)  anemia 
D)  low blood pressure

Question 17

What is one way in which the cardiovascular system of a mammal is different than that of an arthropod such as an insect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The heart of the mammal pumps blood into arteries, while the insect heart does not. 
B)  Veins send blood to a mammal's lungs, while insect veins send blood to the heart. 
C)  A mammal's blood is always contained inside vessels, while an insect's blood sometimes leaves the vessels. 
D)  A mammal has a heart to pump blood, while an insect does not have a heart. 
A)  The heart of the mammal pumps blood into arteries, while the insect heart does not. 
B)  Veins send blood to a mammal's lungs, while insect veins send blood to the heart. 
C)  A mammal's blood is always contained inside vessels, while an insect's blood sometimes leaves the vessels. 
D)  A mammal has a heart to pump blood, while an insect does not have a heart.

Question 18

What structure do lobsters use for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  gills 
B)  lungs 
C)  skin 
D)  tracheae 
A)  gills 
B)  lungs 
C)  skin 
D)  tracheae

Question 19

If you separated the components of blood and looked closely at only the plasma,you might find ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  white blood cells 
B)  red blood cells 
C)  hormones 
D)  platelets 
A)  white blood cells 
B)  red blood cells 
C)  hormones 
D)  platelets

Question 20

Leukemia ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases the production of white blood cells 
B)  increases the production of red blood cells 
C)  is a cancer of the white blood cells 
D)  is a cancer that arises in the lungs 
A)  decreases the production of white blood cells 
B)  increases the production of red blood cells 
C)  is a cancer of the white blood cells 
D)  is a cancer that arises in the lungs

Exam 23: Circulation and Respiration

Animals such as hydras and jellies can exchange gases directly with the environment by ________.

You increase your risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing your consumption of ________.

Why do cigarette smokers cough more than most people do?

In a human,the ________ provide(s)a common passageway for both food and air.

The figure below shows that ________.

In animals with a closed circulatory system,gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of ________.

In the human respiratory system,gas exchange occurs across the cells of the ________.

Blood pressure is lowest in ________.

Animals need O₂ because it ________.

How does a shark's cardiovascular system differ from that of a mammal?

The buildup of plaque in the walls of arteries results in ________.

What is one way in which the cardiovascular system of a mammal is different than that of an arthropod such as an insect?

What structure do lobsters use for gas exchange?

If you separated the components of blood and looked closely at only the plasma,you might find ________.

Leukemia ________.

Introduction: Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of DNA

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

The Body's Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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