Question 1

Menstruation ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  involves the breakdown of the endometrium 
B)  is stimulated by HCG 
C)  occurs after ovulation but prior to degeneration of the follicle 
D)  is triggered by an LH surge 
A)  involves the breakdown of the endometrium 
B)  is stimulated by HCG 
C)  occurs after ovulation but prior to degeneration of the follicle 
D)  is triggered by an LH surge A

Question 2

The liver,pancreas,and lining of the digestive tract come from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ectoderm 
B)  endoderm 
C)  mesoderm 
D)  endometrium 
A)  ectoderm 
B)  endoderm 
C)  mesoderm 
D)  endometrium B

Question 3

What is gestation?

Accepted Answer

A)  conception 
B)  fertilization 
C)  development 
D)  pregnancy 
A)  conception 
B)  fertilization 
C)  development 
D)  pregnancy D

Question 4

Where in a woman's reproductive tract does fertilization most often take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the ovary 
B)  in the oviduct 
C)  in the follicle 
D)  in the uterus 
A)  in the ovary 
B)  in the oviduct 
C)  in the follicle 
D)  in the uterus

Question 5

Which of these events occurs first?

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrulation 
B)  cleavage 
C)  implantation 
D)  formation of the placenta 
A)  gastrulation 
B)  cleavage 
C)  implantation 
D)  formation of the placenta

Question 6

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural family planning is one of the most reliable forms of birth control. 
B)  Morning-after pills are about 25% effective at preventing pregnancy. 
C)  Tubal ligation prevents ovulation. 
D)  A vasectomy involves removing a section of each vas deferens. 
A)  Natural family planning is one of the most reliable forms of birth control. 
B)  Morning-after pills are about 25% effective at preventing pregnancy. 
C)  Tubal ligation prevents ovulation. 
D)  A vasectomy involves removing a section of each vas deferens.

Question 7

Researchers have found a general relationship between testicular cancer and exercise.Increased exercise is associated with a decrease in incidence of testicular cancer.However,a positive relationship (increased incidence of testicular cancer)was found between testicular cancer and riding bikes or horses.Several factors might be hypothesized to bring about this result.Which of these hypotheses is properly related to a prediction that arises from it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses causes trauma to the testes. Prediction: Bike or horse riding will cause testes to shrink. 
B)  Hypothesis: The seat on bikes and the saddle on horses are made of material containing chemicals that damage testicular cells. Prediction: Chemicals found in bike seats or horse saddles damage testicular cells. 
C)  Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses increases scrotal temperature, which damages testicular cells. Prediction: Bike riders are more likely to wear briefs than boxers as their underwear of choice. 
D)  Hypothesis: Mutations that lead to testicular cancer make men more likely to ride bikes or horses. Prediction: Men who ride bikes or horses have a higher rate of mutations than nonriders. 
A)  Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses causes trauma to the testes. Prediction: Bike or horse riding will cause testes to shrink. 
B)  Hypothesis: The seat on bikes and the saddle on horses are made of material containing chemicals that damage testicular cells. Prediction: Chemicals found in bike seats or horse saddles damage testicular cells. 
C)  Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses increases scrotal temperature, which damages testicular cells. Prediction: Bike riders are more likely to wear briefs than boxers as their underwear of choice. 
D)  Hypothesis: Mutations that lead to testicular cancer make men more likely to ride bikes or horses. Prediction: Men who ride bikes or horses have a higher rate of mutations than nonriders.

Question 8

-What does the ovarian cycle image above illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  A rise in the level of luteinizing hormone brings about ovulation. 
B)  A rise in the level of estrogen brings about ovulation. 
C)  The endometrium is thinner during the first half of the cycle than during the latter half. 
D)  A corpus luteum is necessary for ovulation. 
A)  A rise in the level of luteinizing hormone brings about ovulation. 
B)  A rise in the level of estrogen brings about ovulation. 
C)  The endometrium is thinner during the first half of the cycle than during the latter half. 
D)  A corpus luteum is necessary for ovulation.

Question 9

-What does the ovarian cycle image above illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The peak of luteinizing hormone occurs slightly before mid-cycle. 
B)  Ovulation occurs well before mid-cycle. 
C)  The level of luteinizing hormone does not change much during the cycle. 
D)  The level of progesterone spikes just before mid-cycle. 
A)  The peak of luteinizing hormone occurs slightly before mid-cycle. 
B)  Ovulation occurs well before mid-cycle. 
C)  The level of luteinizing hormone does not change much during the cycle. 
D)  The level of progesterone spikes just before mid-cycle.

Question 10

-The figure shows male reproductive anatomy.In a human male reproductive system,________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sperm mature in the urethra 
B)  the vas deferens conducts sperm between the testis and epididymis 
C)  the sperm travel through the sperm duct before reaching the urethra during ejaculation 
D)  sperm mature in the prostate gland 
A)  sperm mature in the urethra 
B)  the vas deferens conducts sperm between the testis and epididymis 
C)  the sperm travel through the sperm duct before reaching the urethra during ejaculation 
D)  sperm mature in the prostate gland

Question 11

Which of the following processes dominates the third trimester of human development?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of internal organs 
B)  formation of external features such as arms and legs 
C)  growth 
D)  organ formation 
A)  formation of internal organs 
B)  formation of external features such as arms and legs 
C)  growth 
D)  organ formation

Question 12

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions.
Two researchers addressed the generally accepted idea that boxer shorts are better for male fertility than briefs because they lower testicular temperature. They begin by saying, "Although this idea is regarded as dogma by many in the lay community and the changing of underwear type is a therapy frequently recommended by medical practitioners, there is a paucity of data measuring scrotal temperature as a function of underwear type. ("Munkelwitz, Robert, and Gilbert, Bruce R. "Are boxer shorts really better? A critical analysis of the role of underwear type in male subfertility." The Journal of Urology, 160.4 (1998): 1329-1333.)
-What data besides core,skin,and scrotal temperatures would be good to gather to support or reject the hypothesis that underwear type affects fertility?

Accepted Answer

A)  the size and position of participants' testes 
B)  the number and quality of sperm in wearers of each type of underwear 
C)  the ability of participants to maintain temperature in very cold or very warm conditions 
D)  the fertility of each man's partner 
A)  the size and position of participants' testes 
B)  the number and quality of sperm in wearers of each type of underwear 
C)  the ability of participants to maintain temperature in very cold or very warm conditions 
D)  the fertility of each man's partner

Question 13

What advantage is associated with human testes located in an external sac rather than in the abdominal cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  a shorter distance that semen must travel during ejaculation 
B)  the testes can be kept at a constant temperature 
C)  the testes can be kept cooler than the body's interior 
D)  the testes can enlarge at sexual maturity 
A)  a shorter distance that semen must travel during ejaculation 
B)  the testes can be kept at a constant temperature 
C)  the testes can be kept cooler than the body's interior 
D)  the testes can enlarge at sexual maturity

Question 14

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions.
Two researchers addressed the generally accepted idea that boxer shorts are better for male fertility than briefs because they lower testicular temperature. They begin by saying, "Although this idea is regarded as dogma by many in the lay community and the changing of underwear type is a therapy frequently recommended by medical practitioners, there is a paucity of data measuring scrotal temperature as a function of underwear type. ("Munkelwitz, Robert, and Gilbert, Bruce R. "Are boxer shorts really better? A critical analysis of the role of underwear type in male subfertility." The Journal of Urology, 160.4 (1998): 1329-1333.)
-What hypothesis are these authors testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boxer shorts allow the scrotal sac to be more exposed to outside temperature than briefs do. 
B)  Boxer shorts fit more loosely than briefs. 
C)  Boxer shorts allow the scrotal sac to have a lower temperature than briefs do. 
D)  Men with impaired fertility are more likely to wear briefs than boxers. 
A)  Boxer shorts allow the scrotal sac to be more exposed to outside temperature than briefs do. 
B)  Boxer shorts fit more loosely than briefs. 
C)  Boxer shorts allow the scrotal sac to have a lower temperature than briefs do. 
D)  Men with impaired fertility are more likely to wear briefs than boxers.

Question 15

The "grandmother hypothesis" suggests that natural selection may have favored a woman ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  moving away from her children and grandchildren 
B)  focusing her energy on caring for her grandchildren, instead of producing more children 
C)  focusing her energy on the production of as many children as possible before reaching menopause 
D)  helping her sisters produce more children 
A)  moving away from her children and grandchildren 
B)  focusing her energy on caring for her grandchildren, instead of producing more children 
C)  focusing her energy on the production of as many children as possible before reaching menopause 
D)  helping her sisters produce more children

Question 16

The figure shows a human embryo 31 days after conception.Which of the following structures is part of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A)  embryo 
B)  chorion 
C)  amnion 
D)  yolk sac 
A)  embryo 
B)  chorion 
C)  amnion 
D)  yolk sac

Question 17

What would happen if an embryo failed to secrete HCG?

Accepted Answer

A)  The maternal elements of the placenta would fail to develop. 
B)  The fetal elements of the placenta would fail to develop. 
C)  Neural tube formation would not occur, and the embryo would not have a brain. 
D)  The embryo would be aborted. 
A)  The maternal elements of the placenta would fail to develop. 
B)  The fetal elements of the placenta would fail to develop. 
C)  Neural tube formation would not occur, and the embryo would not have a brain. 
D)  The embryo would be aborted.

Question 18

Which of the following results from cleavage?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of the nervous system 
B)  formation of the notochord 
C)  formation of more cells 
D)  segmentation 
A)  formation of the nervous system 
B)  formation of the notochord 
C)  formation of more cells 
D)  segmentation

Question 19

In human females,the ovarian cycle begins when the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  levels of estrogen reach their maximum 
B)  hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its output of FSH and LH 
C)  level of progesterone drops precipitously 
D)  levels of FSH and LH drop precipitously 
A)  levels of estrogen reach their maximum 
B)  hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its output of FSH and LH 
C)  level of progesterone drops precipitously 
D)  levels of FSH and LH drop precipitously

Question 20

A sperm cell's acrosome ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contains the sperm's nucleus and is the part of the sperm that enters the egg during fertilization 
B)  fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg cell 
C)  contains enzymes that are released when the sperm encounters an egg and dissolves a hole in the jellylike matrix that surrounds the egg 
D)  contains the sperm's mitochondria 
A)  contains the sperm's nucleus and is the part of the sperm that enters the egg during fertilization 
B)  fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg cell 
C)  contains enzymes that are released when the sperm encounters an egg and dissolves a hole in the jellylike matrix that surrounds the egg 
D)  contains the sperm's mitochondria

Exam 26: Reproduction and Development

Menstruation ________.

The liver,pancreas,and lining of the digestive tract come from ________.

What is gestation?

Where in a woman's reproductive tract does fertilization most often take place?

Which of these events occurs first?

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

-What does the ovarian cycle image above illustrate?

-What does the ovarian cycle image above illustrate?

-The figure shows male reproductive anatomy.In a human male reproductive system,________.

Which of the following processes dominates the third trimester of human development?

What advantage is associated with human testes located in an external sac rather than in the abdominal cavity?

The "grandmother hypothesis" suggests that natural selection may have favored a woman ________.

The figure shows a human embryo 31 days after conception.Which of the following structures is part of the placenta?

What would happen if an embryo failed to secrete HCG?

Which of the following results from cleavage?

In human females,the ovarian cycle begins when the ________.

A sperm cell's acrosome ________.

Introduction: Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of DNA

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Body's Defenses

Hormones

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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