Exam 15: The Evolution of Microbial Life

What kind of protist is this?

What was the first stage of the process that led to the abiotic origin of life?

Which of the following include the two classes of poisons produced by pathogenic bacteria?

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). Malaria is a disease caused by parasitic protists in the genus Plasmodium. The parasite is transmitted to humans by female Anopheles mosquitoes. The Plasmodium parasite feeds on human red blood cells, eventually destroying them. Humans infected with malaria can exhibit many symptoms. Depending on the severity of the infection, these can range from fever, chills, sweating, and headaches to anemia and kidney failure. Ultimately, malaria can result in death. However, if time and money permit, once a person is infected, they can be treated with different antimalarial drugs. Two commonly used drugs are artemisinin and quinine. In addition, one way to prevent the spread of malaria is to apply pesticides to treat areas with Anopheles mosquitoes. The National Malaria Eradication Program began work in 1947 with the goal of eliminating malaria from the southern United States. In 1947, 15,000 cases of malaria were reported nationwide. By 1950, only 2,000 cases were reported, and by 1951, malaria was considered eradicated from the United States. Today, the disease is most common in Africa and South America, two continents that are highly impoverished. About one million people die from malaria every year, many of them children. In Africa, it is estimated that one in every five childhood deaths is due to malaria. -Plasmodium illustrate feeding characteristics of a(n)________.

Prokaryotes reproduce by means of ________.

Flagellates,amoebas,apicomplexans,and ciliates are all what type of protist?

Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan that feeds on white blood cells and bacteria living on the cells lining the female human vagina,thereby creating a common sexually transmitted disease often known as "trich." The feeding mechanism of this protozoan makes it a ________.

Scientists hypothesize that disrupting our ________ communities may increase our susceptibility to infectious diseases,predispose us to certain cancers,and contribute to conditions such as asthma and other allergies,irritable bowel syndrome,Crohn's disease,and autism.

Based on fossil evidence,eukaryotes evolved about ________ years ago.

Which prokaryotic group is most closely related to eukaryotes?

________ include cells that can function either independently or as a single unit.

The prokaryotic group that tends to inhabit extreme environments belongs to ________.

Approximately 10-15% of insect species harbor bacteria that make needed nutrients available to the insects.How might you classify these bacteria?

Recent scientific studies of the impact of microbiota on the amount of fat versus lean body mass (i.e.,body composition)are described in your text.How do those studies illustrate the importance of microbiota communities in our bodies?

Why is RNA thought to have been the first genetic material?

Under what abiotic conditions can monomers spontaneously form polymers?

Bacilli are ________ prokaryotes.

The absence of ________ in the primitive atmosphere was essential to the origin of life on Earth.

According to this evolutionary tree,the archaea and eukaryotes last shared a common ancestor ________.

Which of the following prokaryotes aid digestion in cattle,deer,and other animals that obtain nutrition from cellulose?