Question 1

Biological species consist of groups of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  populations 
B)  domains 
C)  families 
D)  genera 
A)  populations 
B)  domains 
C)  families 
D)  genera A

Question 2

Examine the evolutionary relationships represented in the following figure.Based upon this diagram,the two most closely related species are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  leopards and striped skunks 
B)  leopards and European otters 
C)  European otters and coyotes 
D)  coyotes and wolves 
A)  leopards and striped skunks 
B)  leopards and European otters 
C)  European otters and coyotes 
D)  coyotes and wolves D

Question 3

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
As part of a semester-long biology field research course, you are studying reproductive barriers among four different frog species. Your goal is to determine what type of reproductive barrier likely causes the gene pools of the four different frog species to be isolated. These four species share common geographic habitats and are both anatomically and gametically compatible. Your research professor gives you the following figure to consider. After studying the figure, answer the questions that follow.
  
-What can you conclude about the breeding characteristics of these four frog species?

Accepted Answer

A)  The maximum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
B)  The minimum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
C)  The average mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
D)  The individual mating activity of each of the four frog species at the beginning of their mating periods reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
A)  The maximum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
B)  The minimum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
C)  The average mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
D)  The individual mating activity of each of the four frog species at the beginning of their mating periods reduces and/or removes interbreeding. A

Question 4

The current geological era is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Paleozoic 
B)  Cenozoic 
C)  Mesozoic 
D)  Cambrian 
A)  Paleozoic 
B)  Cenozoic 
C)  Mesozoic 
D)  Cambrian

Question 5

The biological species concept cannot be applied to fossils.Which alternate approach to identifying species would be most useful for classifying fossil organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  an approach based on use of reproductive barriers 
B)  an approach based on genetic history 
C)  an approach based on measurable physical traits 
D)  an approach based on molecular biology 
A)  an approach based on use of reproductive barriers 
B)  an approach based on genetic history 
C)  an approach based on measurable physical traits 
D)  an approach based on molecular biology

Question 6

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called "ligers." Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. Furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences.
-Applying the biological species concept,the sterility of ligers reveals that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a new species called "ligers" is forming 
B)  tigers and lions are actually the same species 
C)  tigers and lions are separate species 
D)  lions are probably a subspecies of tigers 
A)  a new species called "ligers" is forming 
B)  tigers and lions are actually the same species 
C)  tigers and lions are separate species 
D)  lions are probably a subspecies of tigers

Question 7

Some fish have bony fins.If the body of water they are in dries out,these fins can be used to help the fish "walk" to another body of water.In this context,bony fins are an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an exaptation 
B)  an adaptation 
C)  a macroevolutionary event 
D)  paedomorphosis 
A)  an exaptation 
B)  an adaptation 
C)  a macroevolutionary event 
D)  paedomorphosis

Question 8

Dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds)were extinct by the end of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cretaceous 
B)  Silurian 
C)  Eocene 
D)  Permian 
A)  Cretaceous 
B)  Silurian 
C)  Eocene 
D)  Permian

Question 9

The wing of a penguin is ________ the wing of a butterfly.

Accepted Answer

A)  structurally identical to 
B)  superior to 
C)  homologous to 
D)  analogous to 
A)  structurally identical to 
B)  superior to 
C)  homologous to 
D)  analogous to

Question 10

Under the biological species concept,what criterion is used to assign populations of organisms to the same biological species?

Accepted Answer

A)  a very similar appearance 
B)  being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring 
C)  responding to the environment in the same way 
D)  having 99% of their genes in common 
A)  a very similar appearance 
B)  being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring 
C)  responding to the environment in the same way 
D)  having 99% of their genes in common

Question 11

Which of the following would be an example of paedomorphosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  starfish regenerating severed limbs 
B)  rapid evolution in a small, isolated population 
C)  two species evolving a similar appearance 
D)  insects that can reproduce in larval stages without reaching mature development stages 
A)  starfish regenerating severed limbs 
B)  rapid evolution in a small, isolated population 
C)  two species evolving a similar appearance 
D)  insects that can reproduce in larval stages without reaching mature development stages

Question 12

________ is the discipline of biology that focuses on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)  Taxonomy 
B)  Evo-devo 
C)  Systematics 
D)  Biogeography 
A)  Taxonomy 
B)  Evo-devo 
C)  Systematics 
D)  Biogeography

Question 13

Examine the two squirrel populations in the following figure.The populations are separated by a geographic barrier.If after a long period of time the two species are no longer separated,what evidence is needed to determine if speciation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hybrid offspring of the two populations begin to appear. 
B)  The two populations are not interbreeding freely. 
C)  One species will increase into a population size twice as large as the other species. 
D)  Polyploidy is creating new species. 
A)  Hybrid offspring of the two populations begin to appear. 
B)  The two populations are not interbreeding freely. 
C)  One species will increase into a population size twice as large as the other species. 
D)  Polyploidy is creating new species.

Question 14

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called "ligers." Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. Furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences.
-The production of sterile male ligers is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  the founder effect 
C)  a postzygotic barrier 
D)  a prezygotic barrier 
A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  the founder effect 
C)  a postzygotic barrier 
D)  a prezygotic barrier

Question 15

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
As part of a semester-long biology field research course, you are studying reproductive barriers among four different frog species. Your goal is to determine what type of reproductive barrier likely causes the gene pools of the four different frog species to be isolated. These four species share common geographic habitats and are both anatomically and gametically compatible. Your research professor gives you the following figure to consider. After studying the figure, answer the questions that follow.
  
-If the researchers of this study wanted to collect reliable data about natural behavior,which methodology should they choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researchers collected multiple male and female frogs from each species and studied them in a lab environment to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
B)  The researchers studied multiple male and female frogs from each species in their natural environments to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
C)  The researchers collected multiple male and female frogs from each species, mixed males and females from each species, and studied the mixed pairs in a lab environment to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
D)  The researchers studied one male and female frog from each species in their natural environments to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
A)  The researchers collected multiple male and female frogs from each species and studied them in a lab environment to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
B)  The researchers studied multiple male and female frogs from each species in their natural environments to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
C)  The researchers collected multiple male and female frogs from each species, mixed males and females from each species, and studied the mixed pairs in a lab environment to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
D)  The researchers studied one male and female frog from each species in their natural environments to determine their normal breeding seasons.

Question 16

When brought together in a zoo,two species are capable of mating and producing fertile offspring.Why may they still be considered two distinct species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wild populations of the two species have different geographic distributions. 
B)  In the wild, members of one species prey upon members of the other species. 
C)  Zoos are not natural environments. 
D)  The two species look very different. 
A)  Wild populations of the two species have different geographic distributions. 
B)  In the wild, members of one species prey upon members of the other species. 
C)  Zoos are not natural environments. 
D)  The two species look very different.

Question 17

Why is it INCORRECT to assume that mass extinctions carry only negative impact on the evolution of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mass extinctions are sometimes followed by periods of evolutionary change when other organism groups can flourish and expand in diversity and size. 
B)  Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study embryonic development in two species of organisms and therefore identify possible homology. 
C)  Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study paedomorphosis. 
D)  Mass extinctions disprove Darwin's theory of evolution. 
A)  Mass extinctions are sometimes followed by periods of evolutionary change when other organism groups can flourish and expand in diversity and size. 
B)  Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study embryonic development in two species of organisms and therefore identify possible homology. 
C)  Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study paedomorphosis. 
D)  Mass extinctions disprove Darwin's theory of evolution.

Question 18

The Permian mass extinction is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an asteroid impact 
B)  global warming 
C)  the formation of Pangaea 
D)  the diversification of mammals 
A)  an asteroid impact 
B)  global warming 
C)  the formation of Pangaea 
D)  the diversification of mammals

Question 19

Which one of the following is the only domain that contains eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animalia 
B)  Plantae 
C)  Archaea 
D)  Eukarya 
A)  Animalia 
B)  Plantae 
C)  Archaea 
D)  Eukarya

Question 20

Feathers in birds appear to have first evolved for insulation but later conveyed a new advantage in helping create light aerodynamic surfaces.This switch in function is an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A)  paedomorphosis 
B)  an analogy 
C)  an adaptation 
D)  exaptation 
A)  paedomorphosis 
B)  an analogy 
C)  an adaptation 
D)  exaptation

Exam 14: How Biological Diversity Evolves

Biological species consist of groups of ________.

Examine the evolutionary relationships represented in the following figure.Based upon this diagram,the two most closely related species are ________.

The current geological era is the ________.

The biological species concept cannot be applied to fossils.Which alternate approach to identifying species would be most useful for classifying fossil organisms?

Some fish have bony fins.If the body of water they are in dries out,these fins can be used to help the fish "walk" to another body of water.In this context,bony fins are an example of ________.

Dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds)were extinct by the end of the ________.

The wing of a penguin is ________ the wing of a butterfly.

Under the biological species concept,what criterion is used to assign populations of organisms to the same biological species?

Which of the following would be an example of paedomorphosis?

________ is the discipline of biology that focuses on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.

Examine the two squirrel populations in the following figure.The populations are separated by a geographic barrier.If after a long period of time the two species are no longer separated,what evidence is needed to determine if speciation has occurred?

When brought together in a zoo,two species are capable of mating and producing fertile offspring.Why may they still be considered two distinct species?

Why is it INCORRECT to assume that mass extinctions carry only negative impact on the evolution of life on Earth?

The Permian mass extinction is associated with ________.

Which one of the following is the only domain that contains eukaryotes?

Feathers in birds appear to have first evolved for insulation but later conveyed a new advantage in helping create light aerodynamic surfaces.This switch in function is an example of a(n)________.

Introduction: Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of DNA

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Body's Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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