Question 1

Which of the following type of fracture occurs across the long axis of a bone shaft?

Accepted Answer

A)  transverse fracture 
B)  compression fracture 
C)  Pott's fracture 
D)  comminuted fracture 
E)  displaced fracture 
A)  transverse fracture 
B)  compression fracture 
C)  Pott's fracture 
D)  comminuted fracture 
E)  displaced fracture

Question 2

The simultaneous process of adding new bone and removing previously formed bone is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal callus formation 
B)  endochondral ossification 
C)  osteomalacia 
D)  bone remodeling 
E)  intramembranous ossification 
A)  internal callus formation 
B)  endochondral ossification 
C)  osteomalacia 
D)  bone remodeling 
E)  intramembranous ossification

Question 3

How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  They don't; hormones are not involved in bone growth processes. 
B)  They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. 
C)  They control the rate of movement of the epiphyseal line. 
D)  They ensure that intramembranous ossification occurs throughout life. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  They don't; hormones are not involved in bone growth processes. 
B)  They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. 
C)  They control the rate of movement of the epiphyseal line. 
D)  They ensure that intramembranous ossification occurs throughout life. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 4

Figure 5.3
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams depicting events that occur during appositional bone growth, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions.
-Identify the event indicated by Label H.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone resorbed by osteoblasts 
B)  Bone deposited by osteocytes 
C)  Bone resorbed by osteocytes 
D)  Bone deposited by osteoblasts 
E)  Bone resorbed by osteoclasts 
A)  Bone resorbed by osteoblasts 
B)  Bone deposited by osteocytes 
C)  Bone resorbed by osteocytes 
D)  Bone deposited by osteoblasts 
E)  Bone resorbed by osteoclasts

Question 5

Figure 5.2
   
Using the above-referenced figures depicting steps in endochondral ossification, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure indicated by Label J.

Accepted Answer

A)  Compact bone 
B)  Medullary cavity 
C)  Primary ossification center 
D)  Secondary ossification center 
E)  Spongy bone 
A)  Compact bone 
B)  Medullary cavity 
C)  Primary ossification center 
D)  Secondary ossification center 
E)  Spongy bone

Question 6

Figure 5.4
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams of bones classified by shape, identify the specified labeled item in each of the following questions.
-Identify the bone type specified by Label Q.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sesamoid bones 
B)  Carpal bones 
C)  Pneumatized bones 
D)  Irregular bones 
E)  Long bones 
A)  Sesamoid bones 
B)  Carpal bones 
C)  Pneumatized bones 
D)  Irregular bones 
E)  Long bones

Question 7

Figure 5.2
   
Using the above-referenced figures depicting steps in endochondral ossification, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure indicated by Label S.

Accepted Answer

A)  Diaphysis 
B)  Metaphysis 
C)  Spongy bone 
D)  Compact bone 
E)  Superficial bone 
A)  Diaphysis 
B)  Metaphysis 
C)  Spongy bone 
D)  Compact bone 
E)  Superficial bone

Question 8

Figure 5.1
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams depicting the internal organization in representative bones, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure indicated by Label Z.

Accepted Answer

A)  Endosteum 
B)  Periosteum 
C)  Sharpey's fiber 
D)  Central canal 
E)  Osteon 
A)  Endosteum 
B)  Periosteum 
C)  Sharpey's fiber 
D)  Central canal 
E)  Osteon

Question 9

Which of the following describes a central canal?

Accepted Answer

A)  contains an artery 
B)  contains a vein 
C)  runs parallel to bone surface 
D)  also called Haversian canal 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  contains an artery 
B)  contains a vein 
C)  runs parallel to bone surface 
D)  also called Haversian canal 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Figure 5.2
   
Using the above-referenced figures depicting steps in endochondral ossification, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure indicated by Label H.

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary ossification center 
B)  Superficial bone 
C)  Articular cartilage 
D)  Epiphyseal cartilage 
E)  Primary ossification center 
A)  Secondary ossification center 
B)  Superficial bone 
C)  Articular cartilage 
D)  Epiphyseal cartilage 
E)  Primary ossification center

Question 11

Which diagnostic procedure measures bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  DEXA 
B)  arthrocentesis 
C)  MRI 
D)  arthroscopy 
E)  X-ray 
A)  DEXA 
B)  arthrocentesis 
C)  MRI 
D)  arthroscopy 
E)  X-ray

Question 12

Figure 5.3
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams depicting events that occur during appositional bone growth, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure indicated by Label C.

Accepted Answer

A)  Periosteum 
B)  Central canal 
C)  Perforating canal 
D)  Endosteum 
E)  Osteon 
A)  Periosteum 
B)  Central canal 
C)  Perforating canal 
D)  Endosteum 
E)  Osteon

Question 13

Figure 5.1
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams depicting the internal organization in representative bones, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure indicated by Label M.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Trabeculae 
C)  Cancellous bone 
D)  Osteons 
E)  Sharpey's fibers 
A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Trabeculae 
C)  Cancellous bone 
D)  Osteons 
E)  Sharpey's fibers

Question 14

The endosteum is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a tissue that is active during the growth or repair of bone 
B)  the inside lining of the central canals and perforating canals 
C)  a layer that covers the trabeculae of spongy bone 
D)  an incomplete layer 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  a tissue that is active during the growth or repair of bone 
B)  the inside lining of the central canals and perforating canals 
C)  a layer that covers the trabeculae of spongy bone 
D)  an incomplete layer 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Bones have a vascular supply that is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone 
B)  very poor; bones are not living, so blood is not needed 
C)  supplied simply by one artery 
D)  poor, therefore healing is very limited 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone 
B)  very poor; bones are not living, so blood is not needed 
C)  supplied simply by one artery 
D)  poor, therefore healing is very limited 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Figure 5.4
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams of bones classified by shape, identify the specified labeled item in each of the following questions.
-Identify the bone type specified by Label F.

Accepted Answer

A)  Short bones 
B)  Sesamoid bones 
C)  Pneumatized bones 
D)  Irregular bones 
E)  Wormian bones 
A)  Short bones 
B)  Sesamoid bones 
C)  Pneumatized bones 
D)  Irregular bones 
E)  Wormian bones

Question 17

The expanded articular end of an epiphysis, separated from the shaft by a narrower neck, is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neck 
B)  head 
C)  tubercle 
D)  fossa 
E)  fissure 
A)  neck 
B)  head 
C)  tubercle 
D)  fossa 
E)  fissure

Question 18

Because they are strong and relatively inflexible, ________ enable bone to withstand the stress of compression.

Accepted Answer

A)  collagen fibers 
B)  calcium phosphate crystals 
C)  reticular fibers 
D)  osteocytes 
E)  osteoclasts 
A)  collagen fibers 
B)  calcium phosphate crystals 
C)  reticular fibers 
D)  osteocytes 
E)  osteoclasts

Question 19

A displaced fracture retains the normal alignment of the bone elements or fragments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Endochondral ossification begins with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hyaline cartilage 
B)  elastic cartilage 
C)  fibrocartilage 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  hyaline cartilage 
B)  elastic cartilage 
C)  fibrocartilage 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Exam 5: The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

Which of the following type of fracture occurs across the long axis of a bone shaft?

The simultaneous process of adding new bone and removing previously formed bone is called ________.

How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth?

Figure 5.3 Using the above-referenced diagrams depicting events that occur during appositional bone growth, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. -Identify the event indicated by Label H.

Figure 5.2 Using the above-referenced figures depicting steps in endochondral ossification, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure indicated by Label J.

Figure 5.4 Using the above-referenced diagrams of bones classified by shape, identify the specified labeled item in each of the following questions. -Identify the bone type specified by Label Q.

Figure 5.2 Using the above-referenced figures depicting steps in endochondral ossification, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure indicated by Label S.

Figure 5.1 Using the above-referenced diagrams depicting the internal organization in representative bones, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure indicated by Label Z.

Which of the following describes a central canal?

Figure 5.2 Using the above-referenced figures depicting steps in endochondral ossification, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure indicated by Label H.

Which diagnostic procedure measures bone loss?

Figure 5.3 Using the above-referenced diagrams depicting events that occur during appositional bone growth, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure indicated by Label C.

Figure 5.1 Using the above-referenced diagrams depicting the internal organization in representative bones, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure indicated by Label M.

The endosteum is best described as ________.

Bones have a vascular supply that is ________.

Figure 5.4 Using the above-referenced diagrams of bones classified by shape, identify the specified labeled item in each of the following questions. -Identify the bone type specified by Label F.

The expanded articular end of an epiphysis, separated from the shaft by a narrower neck, is a ________.

Because they are strong and relatively inflexible, ________ enable bone to withstand the stress of compression.

A displaced fracture retains the normal alignment of the bone elements or fragments.

Endochondral ossification begins with ________.

Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy

Foundations: The Cell

Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Axial Division

The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division

The Skeletal System: Articulations

The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization

The Muscular System: Axial Musculature

The Muscular System: Appendicular Musculature

Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy

The Nervous System: Neural Tissue

The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord

The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

The Nervous System: General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Embryology and Human Development

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