Question 1

From medial to lateral, brachial plexus structures are organized as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  roots-divisions-cords-trunks-nerves 
B)  roots-trunks-divisions-cords-nerves 
C)  cords-nerves-roots-trunks-divisions 
D)  nerves-cords-divisions-trunks-roots 
E)  trunks-cords-roots-divisions-nerves 
A)  roots-divisions-cords-trunks-nerves 
B)  roots-trunks-divisions-cords-nerves 
C)  cords-nerves-roots-trunks-divisions 
D)  nerves-cords-divisions-trunks-roots 
E)  trunks-cords-roots-divisions-nerves

Question 2

The cervical enlargement supplies nerves to the pectoral girdle and upper limbs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The spinal nerves form through the fusion of dorsal and ventral nerve roots as they pass through a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plexus 
B)  intervertebral foramen 
C)  gray commissure 
D)  vertebral foramen 
E)  transverse foramen 
A)  plexus 
B)  intervertebral foramen 
C)  gray commissure 
D)  vertebral foramen 
E)  transverse foramen

Question 4

Figure 14.5
   
Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sacral plexus 
B)  Sural nerve 
C)  Cervical plexus 
D)  Lumbar plexus 
E)  Brachial plexus 
A)  Sacral plexus 
B)  Sural nerve 
C)  Cervical plexus 
D)  Lumbar plexus 
E)  Brachial plexus

Question 5

Activation of a motor neuron during the processing of a reflex action ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs instantaneously, with the start of the stimulation 
B)  carries the nerve impulse to the peripheral effector organs 
C)  typically enhances the original stimulus that triggered the reflex 
D)  sends a response to peripheral structures by way of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve 
E)  sends impulses through the dorsal root ganglion 
A)  occurs instantaneously, with the start of the stimulation 
B)  carries the nerve impulse to the peripheral effector organs 
C)  typically enhances the original stimulus that triggered the reflex 
D)  sends a response to peripheral structures by way of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve 
E)  sends impulses through the dorsal root ganglion

Question 6

Bundles of fiber known as ________ extend from the inner surface of the arachnoid mater to the outer surface of the pia mater.

Accepted Answer

A)  arachnoid granulations 
B)  cauda equina 
C)  arachnoid trabeculae 
D)  subarachnoid spaces 
E)  denticulate ligaments 
A)  arachnoid granulations 
B)  cauda equina 
C)  arachnoid trabeculae 
D)  subarachnoid spaces 
E)  denticulate ligaments

Question 7

Figure 14.5
   
Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

Accepted Answer

A)  Musculocutaneous nerve 
B)  Radial nerve 
C)  Ulnar nerve 
D)  Median nerve 
E)  Axillary nerve 
A)  Musculocutaneous nerve 
B)  Radial nerve 
C)  Ulnar nerve 
D)  Median nerve 
E)  Axillary nerve

Question 8

Figure 14.8
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams of the lumbar and sacral plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ilio-inguinal nerve 
B)  Sciatic nerve 
C)  Iliohypogastric nerve 
D)  Genitofemoral nerve 
E)  Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 
A)  Ilio-inguinal nerve 
B)  Sciatic nerve 
C)  Iliohypogastric nerve 
D)  Genitofemoral nerve 
E)  Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 9

Figure 14.4
   
Using the above-referenced diagram of a typical peripheral nerve and its connective tissue wrappings, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

Accepted Answer

A)  Epineurium 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  Endoneurium 
D)  Perineurium 
E)  Fascicle 
A)  Epineurium 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  Endoneurium 
D)  Perineurium 
E)  Fascicle

Question 10

The stretch reflex is an example of a ________ reflex because it maintains the body's upright position.

Accepted Answer

A)  motor 
B)  postural 
C)  sensory 
D)  interneuron 
E)  lumbar 
A)  motor 
B)  postural 
C)  sensory 
D)  interneuron 
E)  lumbar

Question 11

The gray and white rami from T1 to L2, which allow information exchange between the spinal nerves and the autonomic ganglia are collectively called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  commissures 
B)  horns 
C)  columns 
D)  rami communicantes 
E)  fascicles 
A)  commissures 
B)  horns 
C)  columns 
D)  rami communicantes 
E)  fascicles

Question 12

Why does a hammer striking the quadriceps muscle tendon result in a reflex action?

Accepted Answer

The reflex action is known as the patell

Question 13

Figure 14.5
   
Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Y.

Accepted Answer

A)  Iliohypogastric nerve 
B)  Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 
C)  Common fibular nerve 
D)  Tibial nerve 
E)  Sciatic nerve 
A)  Iliohypogastric nerve 
B)  Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 
C)  Common fibular nerve 
D)  Tibial nerve 
E)  Sciatic nerve

Question 14

Figure 14.7
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams of the anterior and posterior views of the upper limb, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ulnar nerve 
B)  Axillary nerve 
C)  Median nerve 
D)  Radial nerve 
E)  Musculocutaneous nerve 
A)  Ulnar nerve 
B)  Axillary nerve 
C)  Median nerve 
D)  Radial nerve 
E)  Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 15

Which of the following is defined as the tough, fibrous sheath that forms the outermost layer of a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

A)  epineurium 
B)  endoneurium 
C)  perineurium 
D)  neurilemma 
E)  fascicle 
A)  epineurium 
B)  endoneurium 
C)  perineurium 
D)  neurilemma 
E)  fascicle

Question 16

Figure 14.1
   
Using the above- referenced diagrams of the superficial anatomy and orientation of the adult spinal cord (posterior view)and inferior views of cross-sections through representative segments of the spinal cord, showing the arrangement of gray and white matter, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N.

Accepted Answer

A)  Central canal 
B)  Filum terminale 
C)  Cauda equina 
D)  Conus medullaris 
E)  Cervical spinal nerve 
A)  Central canal 
B)  Filum terminale 
C)  Cauda equina 
D)  Conus medullaris 
E)  Cervical spinal nerve

Question 17

Figure 14.3
   
Using the above-referenced diagram of a sectional view through the spinal cord and meninges showing the peripheral distribution of the spinal nerves, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dorsal ramus 
B)  Dorsal root ganglion 
C)  Rami communicantes 
D)  Denticulate ligament 
E)  Ventral ramus 
A)  Dorsal ramus 
B)  Dorsal root ganglion 
C)  Rami communicantes 
D)  Denticulate ligament 
E)  Ventral ramus

Question 18

Axons, which cross from one side to the other in the spinal cord, pass through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior white commissure 
B)  gray commissure 
C)  posterior white commissure 
D)  anterior gray horns 
E)  denticulate ligaments 
A)  anterior white commissure 
B)  gray commissure 
C)  posterior white commissure 
D)  anterior gray horns 
E)  denticulate ligaments

Question 19

The epidural space contains areolar and adipose tissue, in addition to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrospinal fluid 
B)  lymph 
C)  denticulate ligaments 
D)  gray matter 
E)  blood vessels 
A)  cerebrospinal fluid 
B)  lymph 
C)  denticulate ligaments 
D)  gray matter 
E)  blood vessels

Question 20

Figure 14.5
   
Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sciatic nerve 
B)  Lumbar plexus 
C)  Brachial plexus 
D)  Cervical plexus 
E)  Sacral plexus 
A)  Sciatic nerve 
B)  Lumbar plexus 
C)  Brachial plexus 
D)  Cervical plexus 
E)  Sacral plexus

Exam 14: The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

From medial to lateral, brachial plexus structures are organized as which of the following?

The cervical enlargement supplies nerves to the pectoral girdle and upper limbs.

The spinal nerves form through the fusion of dorsal and ventral nerve roots as they pass through a(n)________.

Figure 14.5 Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

Activation of a motor neuron during the processing of a reflex action ________.

Bundles of fiber known as ________ extend from the inner surface of the arachnoid mater to the outer surface of the pia mater.

Figure 14.5 Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

Figure 14.8 Using the above-referenced diagrams of the lumbar and sacral plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

Figure 14.4 Using the above-referenced diagram of a typical peripheral nerve and its connective tissue wrappings, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

The stretch reflex is an example of a ________ reflex because it maintains the body's upright position.

The gray and white rami from T1 to L2, which allow information exchange between the spinal nerves and the autonomic ganglia are collectively called the ________.

Why does a hammer striking the quadriceps muscle tendon result in a reflex action?

Figure 14.5 Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Y.

Figure 14.7 Using the above-referenced diagrams of the anterior and posterior views of the upper limb, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

Which of the following is defined as the tough, fibrous sheath that forms the outermost layer of a peripheral nerve?

Figure 14.3 Using the above-referenced diagram of a sectional view through the spinal cord and meninges showing the peripheral distribution of the spinal nerves, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.

Axons, which cross from one side to the other in the spinal cord, pass through the ________.

The epidural space contains areolar and adipose tissue, in addition to ________.

Figure 14.5 Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy

Foundations: The Cell

Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

The Skeletal System: Axial Division

The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division

The Skeletal System: Articulations

The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization

The Muscular System: Axial Musculature

The Muscular System: Appendicular Musculature

Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy

The Nervous System: Neural Tissue

The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord

The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

The Nervous System: General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Embryology and Human Development

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