Question 1

The term for a reflex that is genetically determined is a(n)________ reflex.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquired 
B)  cranial 
C)  spinal 
D)  monosynaptic 
E)  innate 
A)  acquired 
B)  cranial 
C)  spinal 
D)  monosynaptic 
E)  innate

Question 2

Select the association that is most closely matched.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior gray horns-visceral sensory nuclei 
B)  anterior gray horns-visceral motor neurons 
C)  posterior gray horns-somatic motor neurons 
D)  posterior gray horns-visceral sensory nuclei 
E)  lateral gray horns-somatic motor neurons 
A)  anterior gray horns-visceral sensory nuclei 
B)  anterior gray horns-visceral motor neurons 
C)  posterior gray horns-somatic motor neurons 
D)  posterior gray horns-visceral sensory nuclei 
E)  lateral gray horns-somatic motor neurons

Question 3

Figure 14.1
   
Using the above- referenced diagrams of the superficial anatomy and orientation of the adult spinal cord (posterior view)and inferior views of cross-sections through representative segments of the spinal cord, showing the arrangement of gray and white matter, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior median sulcus 
B)  Cervical enlargement 
C)  Lumbosacral enlargement 
D)  Posterior median sulcus 
E)  Conus medullaris 
A)  Anterior median sulcus 
B)  Cervical enlargement 
C)  Lumbosacral enlargement 
D)  Posterior median sulcus 
E)  Conus medullaris

Question 4

The anterior horns are the largest in the ________ regions.

Accepted Answer

A)  thoracic and lumbar 
B)  cervical and lumbar 
C)  cervical and thoracic 
D)  lumbar and sacral 
E)  cervical and sacral 
A)  thoracic and lumbar 
B)  cervical and lumbar 
C)  cervical and thoracic 
D)  lumbar and sacral 
E)  cervical and sacral

Question 5

The connective tissue layers of the spinal dura mater continue from the inferior tip of the conus medullaris as the filum terminale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Figure 14.3
   
Using the above-referenced diagram of a sectional view through the spinal cord and meninges showing the peripheral distribution of the spinal nerves, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dorsal root 
B)  Dorsal root ganglion 
C)  Denticulate ligament 
D)  Rami communicantes 
E)  Ventral root 
A)  Dorsal root 
B)  Dorsal root ganglion 
C)  Denticulate ligament 
D)  Rami communicantes 
E)  Ventral root

Question 7

The spinal cord continues to enlarge and elongate until an individual is approximately four years old.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The arachnoid mater is the outermost covering of the spinal cord and brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Figure 14.7
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams of the anterior and posterior views of the upper limb, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label DD.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ulnar nerve 
B)  Median nerve 
C)  Musculocutaneous nerve 
D)  Axillary nerve 
E)  Radial nerve 
A)  Ulnar nerve 
B)  Median nerve 
C)  Musculocutaneous nerve 
D)  Axillary nerve 
E)  Radial nerve

Question 10

Reflexes that control the actions of smooth muscles and glands are classified as ________ reflexes.

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic 
B)  monosynaptic 
C)  spinal 
D)  visceral or autonomic 
E)  acquired 
A)  somatic 
B)  monosynaptic 
C)  spinal 
D)  visceral or autonomic 
E)  acquired

Question 11

The innermost layer of connective tissue fibers and isolated fibrocytes, which surrounds each axon is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fascicle 
B)  fasciculus 
C)  epineurium 
D)  endoneurium 
E)  perineurium 
A)  fascicle 
B)  fasciculus 
C)  epineurium 
D)  endoneurium 
E)  perineurium

Question 12

Spinal nerves caudal to the first thoracic vertebra take their names from the vertebra immediately preceding them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Figure 14.8
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams of the lumbar and sacral plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sciatic nerve 
B)  Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 
C)  Genitofemoral nerve 
D)  Ilio-inguinal nerve 
E)  Iliohypogastric nerve 
A)  Sciatic nerve 
B)  Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 
C)  Genitofemoral nerve 
D)  Ilio-inguinal nerve 
E)  Iliohypogastric nerve

Question 14

Figure 14.7
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams of the anterior and posterior views of the upper limb, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

Accepted Answer

A)  Brachial plexus 
B)  Cervical plexus 
C)  Sacral plexus 
D)  Lumbar plexus 
E)  Axillary nerve 
A)  Brachial plexus 
B)  Cervical plexus 
C)  Sacral plexus 
D)  Lumbar plexus 
E)  Axillary nerve

Question 15

In gross dissection, the filum terminale and the long ventral and dorsal roots are collectively referred to as the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  collateral ganglia 
B)  denticulate ligaments 
C)  cauda equina 
D)  spinal meninges 
E)  motor neurons 
A)  collateral ganglia 
B)  denticulate ligaments 
C)  cauda equina 
D)  spinal meninges 
E)  motor neurons

Question 16

Inferior to the ________, the spinal cord tapers to the conus medullaris.

Accepted Answer

A)  cervical enlargement 
B)  cauda equina 
C)  lumbosacral enlargement 
D)  filum terminale 
E)  dorsal root ganglia 
A)  cervical enlargement 
B)  cauda equina 
C)  lumbosacral enlargement 
D)  filum terminale 
E)  dorsal root ganglia

Question 17

Figure 14.8
   
Using the above-referenced diagrams of the lumbar and sacral plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ilio-inguinal nerve 
B)  Sciatic nerve 
C)  Pudendal nerve 
D)  Genitofemoral nerve 
E)  Iliohypogastric nerve 
A)  Ilio-inguinal nerve 
B)  Sciatic nerve 
C)  Pudendal nerve 
D)  Genitofemoral nerve 
E)  Iliohypogastric nerve

Question 18

Polysynaptic reflex arcs differ from monosynaptic reflex arcs in that the former have ________, which are not present in the latter.

Accepted Answer

A)  an interneuron or interneurons 
B)  stimuli 
C)  specific receptors 
D)  cranial processing centers 
E)  spinal cord processing centers 
A)  an interneuron or interneurons 
B)  stimuli 
C)  specific receptors 
D)  cranial processing centers 
E)  spinal cord processing centers

Question 19

Figure 14.5
   
Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

Accepted Answer

A)  Radial nerve 
B)  Musculocutaneous nerve 
C)  Median nerve 
D)  Axillary nerve 
E)  Ulnar nerve 
A)  Radial nerve 
B)  Musculocutaneous nerve 
C)  Median nerve 
D)  Axillary nerve 
E)  Ulnar nerve

Question 20

Figure 14.2
   
Using the above-referenced diagram of a posterior view of the spinal cord showing the meningeal layers, superficial landmarks, and distribution of gray and white matter, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dorsal root 
B)  Denticulate ligament 
C)  Arachnoid mater 
D)  Ventral root 
E)  Dura mater 
A)  Dorsal root 
B)  Denticulate ligament 
C)  Arachnoid mater 
D)  Ventral root 
E)  Dura mater

Exam 14: The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The term for a reflex that is genetically determined is a(n)________ reflex.

Select the association that is most closely matched.

The anterior horns are the largest in the ________ regions.

The connective tissue layers of the spinal dura mater continue from the inferior tip of the conus medullaris as the filum terminale.

Figure 14.3 Using the above-referenced diagram of a sectional view through the spinal cord and meninges showing the peripheral distribution of the spinal nerves, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

The spinal cord continues to enlarge and elongate until an individual is approximately four years old.

The arachnoid mater is the outermost covering of the spinal cord and brain.

Figure 14.7 Using the above-referenced diagrams of the anterior and posterior views of the upper limb, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label DD.

Reflexes that control the actions of smooth muscles and glands are classified as ________ reflexes.

The innermost layer of connective tissue fibers and isolated fibrocytes, which surrounds each axon is the ________.

Spinal nerves caudal to the first thoracic vertebra take their names from the vertebra immediately preceding them.

Figure 14.8 Using the above-referenced diagrams of the lumbar and sacral plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.

Figure 14.7 Using the above-referenced diagrams of the anterior and posterior views of the upper limb, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

In gross dissection, the filum terminale and the long ventral and dorsal roots are collectively referred to as the ________.

Inferior to the ________, the spinal cord tapers to the conus medullaris.

Figure 14.8 Using the above-referenced diagrams of the lumbar and sacral plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

Polysynaptic reflex arcs differ from monosynaptic reflex arcs in that the former have ________, which are not present in the latter.

Figure 14.5 Using the above-referenced diagram of peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy

Foundations: The Cell

Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

The Skeletal System: Axial Division

The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division

The Skeletal System: Articulations

The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization

The Muscular System: Axial Musculature

The Muscular System: Appendicular Musculature

Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy

The Nervous System: Neural Tissue

The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord

The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

The Nervous System: General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Embryology and Human Development

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