Question 1

Excluding an individual from a play group is an example of _____ aggression.

Accepted Answer

A) physical 
B) relational 
C) instrumental 
D) direct 
A) physical 
B) relational 
C) instrumental 
D) direct

Question 2

Mark wants the new toy that his friend is playing with but understands that it is not appropriate to steal the toy. This falls under the _____ domain of social knowledge according to the social domain theory.

Accepted Answer

A) moral 
B) societal 
C) personal 
D) environmental 
A) moral 
B) societal 
C) personal 
D) environmental

Question 3

A strategy for promoting positive youth development that integrates school-based instruction with community involvement in order to promote civic responsibility and enhance learning is known as

Accepted Answer

A) service learning. 
B) service youth development. 
C) youth intervention. 
D) positive youth intervention. 
A) service learning. 
B) service youth development. 
C) youth intervention. 
D) positive youth intervention.

Question 4

Which variable is NOT a factor in the increased likelihood of antisocial behaviour for children from low socioeconomic status families?

Accepted Answer

A) increased likelihood of being an unplanned child of an adolescent mother 
B) higher levels of controlling parenting 
C) increased frequency of stressors, such as illness and legal problems 
D) higher likelihood of being in a family headed by a single mother 
A) increased likelihood of being an unplanned child of an adolescent mother 
B) higher levels of controlling parenting 
C) increased frequency of stressors, such as illness and legal problems 
D) higher likelihood of being in a family headed by a single mother

Question 5

Relational aggression is aggression motived by the desire

Accepted Answer

A) to obtain something concrete. 
B) for revenge. 
C) to damage another's peer relationships. 
D) to harm another person. 
A) to obtain something concrete. 
B) for revenge. 
C) to damage another's peer relationships. 
D) to harm another person.

Question 6

Two children, Gary and Ken, are faced with the same social situation. Each is pushed by another child as the class runs to the playground for recess. Gary is an aggressive child, whereas Ken is not aggressive. For each of these two children, describe how they would be likely to answer each of these questions: (1) Why did that child push you? (2) What did you try to do after that child pushed you? (3) What are different ways you might have reacted to the child pushing you? (4) How successful do you think you will be in dealing with this type of situation in the future?

Accepted Answer

How Gary and Ken react to this situation

Question 7

Parents do NOT influence the development of prosocial behaviour in their children through

Accepted Answer

A) modelling. 
B) communicating values. 
C) providing opportunities for prosocial activities. 
D) authoritarian parenting practices. 
A) modelling. 
B) communicating values. 
C) providing opportunities for prosocial activities. 
D) authoritarian parenting practices.

Question 8

Differences in which factor are considered to be the source of the different pattern of moral reasoning shown by individuals in non-Western societies?

Accepted Answer

A) biology 
B) socioeconomic status 
C) education 
D) values 
A) biology 
B) socioeconomic status 
C) education 
D) values

Question 9

Which statement about changes in the development of moral reasoning is accurate, according to Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Children's prosocial moral reasoning becomes increasingly advanced. 
B) The stages outlined by Piaget are completely distinct from Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning. 
C) Children are increasingly concerned with their own needs as they develop. 
D) The level of prosocial moral reasoning at which children are classified has little association with how prosocial their behaviour is. 
A) Children's prosocial moral reasoning becomes increasingly advanced. 
B) The stages outlined by Piaget are completely distinct from Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning. 
C) Children are increasingly concerned with their own needs as they develop. 
D) The level of prosocial moral reasoning at which children are classified has little association with how prosocial their behaviour is.

Question 10

When presented with Piaget's stories designed to assess children's moral reasoning, Piaget would expect 11-year-old Jabar to say that

Accepted Answer

A) the child who broke 15 glasses is naughtier than the child who broke 1 glass. 
B) the child who broke 1 glass is naughtier than the child who broke 15 glasses. 
C) both children are very naughty. 
D) neither child is naughty. 
A) the child who broke 15 glasses is naughtier than the child who broke 1 glass. 
B) the child who broke 1 glass is naughtier than the child who broke 15 glasses. 
C) both children are very naughty. 
D) neither child is naughty.

Question 11

Kohlberg classified children into stages of moral development on the basis of their

Accepted Answer

A) age. 
B) choices made in response to moral dilemmas. 
C) cognitive ability, such as perspective-taking skills. 
D) reasoning behind moral decisions. 
A) age. 
B) choices made in response to moral dilemmas. 
C) cognitive ability, such as perspective-taking skills. 
D) reasoning behind moral decisions.

Question 12

Instrumental aggression is aggression motived by the desire

Accepted Answer

A) to obtain something concrete. 
B) for revenge. 
C) to damage another's peer relationships. 
D) to harm another person. 
A) to obtain something concrete. 
B) for revenge. 
C) to damage another's peer relationships. 
D) to harm another person.

Question 13

Which statement about parental influence on children's prosocial behaviour is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Parents have little influence on children's prosocial behaviour. 
B) Only direct modelling of prosocial behaviour is associated with children's own prosocial behaviour. 
C) Parents' communication of prosocial values is related to children's adoption of the value of prosocial behaviour. 
D) Similarities between parents and children in prosocial behaviour are due primarily to genetic similarities. 
A) Parents have little influence on children's prosocial behaviour. 
B) Only direct modelling of prosocial behaviour is associated with children's own prosocial behaviour. 
C) Parents' communication of prosocial values is related to children's adoption of the value of prosocial behaviour. 
D) Similarities between parents and children in prosocial behaviour are due primarily to genetic similarities.

Question 14

Which statement about changes in aggression exhibited by children is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Physical aggression typically increases from preschool to elementary school. 
B) Aggression in elementary school is more likely to be hostile than in preschool. 
C) Relational aggression is more common in preschool than in elementary school. 
D) The frequency of overt aggression increases for most teenagers. 
A) Physical aggression typically increases from preschool to elementary school. 
B) Aggression in elementary school is more likely to be hostile than in preschool. 
C) Relational aggression is more common in preschool than in elementary school. 
D) The frequency of overt aggression increases for most teenagers.

Question 15

According to _____, growth in moral reasoning occurs not through stage-like change but through gradual change based on the child's interactions with peers and adults as well as through direct teachings from their parents.

Accepted Answer

A) social domain theory 
B) Piaget's theory of moral judgment 
C) Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning 
D) theory of mind 
A) social domain theory 
B) Piaget's theory of moral judgment 
C) Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning 
D) theory of mind

Question 16

Based on most of the existing research that has examined Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, which assertion is a true statement about the effect of cultural values on moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) The stages of moral reasoning are universal, and individuals in all cultures progress through the stages at similar rates and eventually mature to the same level. 
B) Individuals in different cultures progress through the stages of moral reasoning at different rates, but individuals in all cultures eventually mature to the same level. 
C) The pattern of changes in moral reasoning in childhood appear to be similar across a variety of cultures, but individuals in all cultures do not always reach the same level. 
D) Moral reasoning varies to a great extent across cultures, including the pattern of developmental changes in early childhood. 
A) The stages of moral reasoning are universal, and individuals in all cultures progress through the stages at similar rates and eventually mature to the same level. 
B) Individuals in different cultures progress through the stages of moral reasoning at different rates, but individuals in all cultures eventually mature to the same level. 
C) The pattern of changes in moral reasoning in childhood appear to be similar across a variety of cultures, but individuals in all cultures do not always reach the same level. 
D) Moral reasoning varies to a great extent across cultures, including the pattern of developmental changes in early childhood.

Question 17

Conduct problems that emerge in adolescence are particularly likely to be associated with

Accepted Answer

A) maternal stress. 
B) low maternal education. 
C) child neglect. 
D) economic disadvantage. 
A) maternal stress. 
B) low maternal education. 
C) child neglect. 
D) economic disadvantage.

Question 18

Which statement about school-based interventions designed to promote prosocial behaviour is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) They have only been attempted with socioeconomically advantaged children. 
B) They involve taking children out of their regular environments to make the empathy training more salient and seem more important. 
C) The enhanced sense of community is associated with greater prosocial behaviour and fewer problem behaviours. 
D) They have some immediate benefits, but only within the classroom environment in which the intervention took place. 
A) They have only been attempted with socioeconomically advantaged children. 
B) They involve taking children out of their regular environments to make the empathy training more salient and seem more important. 
C) The enhanced sense of community is associated with greater prosocial behaviour and fewer problem behaviours. 
D) They have some immediate benefits, but only within the classroom environment in which the intervention took place.

Question 19

What did Piaget call the FIRST stage of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A) heteronomous morality 
B) preconventional morality 
C) autonomous morality 
D) conventional morality 
A) heteronomous morality 
B) preconventional morality 
C) autonomous morality 
D) conventional morality

Question 20

The tendency for individuals of low socioeconomic status in the United States and Brazil to allow children less autonomy than do middle-class individuals may be a factor in which socioeconomic status difference in social judgment?

Accepted Answer

A) Children from lower-income families are more likely to differentiate sharply between issues of morality and issues of social convention. 
B) Children from middle-income families are more likely to believe issues of personal judgment are also issues of morality. 
C) Children from lower-income families are less likely to view personal issues as a matter of choice. 
D) The tendency is a factor in none of these. 
A) Children from lower-income families are more likely to differentiate sharply between issues of morality and issues of social convention. 
B) Children from middle-income families are more likely to believe issues of personal judgment are also issues of morality. 
C) Children from lower-income families are less likely to view personal issues as a matter of choice. 
D) The tendency is a factor in none of these.

Excluding an individual from a play group is an example of _____ aggression.

Mark wants the new toy that his friend is playing with but understands that it is not appropriate to steal the toy. This falls under the _____ domain of social knowledge according to the social domain theory.

A strategy for promoting positive youth development that integrates school-based instruction with community involvement in order to promote civic responsibility and enhance learning is known as

Which variable is NOT a factor in the increased likelihood of antisocial behaviour for children from low socioeconomic status families?

Relational aggression is aggression motived by the desire

Parents do NOT influence the development of prosocial behaviour in their children through

Differences in which factor are considered to be the source of the different pattern of moral reasoning shown by individuals in non-Western societies?

Which statement about changes in the development of moral reasoning is accurate, according to Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

When presented with Piaget's stories designed to assess children's moral reasoning, Piaget would expect 11-year-old Jabar to say that

Kohlberg classified children into stages of moral development on the basis of their

Instrumental aggression is aggression motived by the desire

Which statement about parental influence on children's prosocial behaviour is TRUE?

Which statement about changes in aggression exhibited by children is TRUE?

According to _____, growth in moral reasoning occurs not through stage-like change but through gradual change based on the child's interactions with peers and adults as well as through direct teachings from their parents.

Based on most of the existing research that has examined Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, which assertion is a true statement about the effect of cultural values on moral reasoning?

Conduct problems that emerge in adolescence are particularly likely to be associated with

Which statement about school-based interventions designed to promote prosocial behaviour is TRUE?

What did Piaget call the FIRST stage of moral development?

The tendency for individuals of low socioeconomic status in the United States and Brazil to allow children less autonomy than do middle-class individuals may be a factor in which socioeconomic status difference in social judgment?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 14: Moral Development

Excluding an individual from a play group is an example of _____ aggression.

Mark wants the new toy that his friend is playing with but understands that it is not appropriate to steal the toy. This falls under the _____ domain of social knowledge according to the social domain theory.

A strategy for promoting positive youth development that integrates school-based instruction with community involvement in order to promote civic responsibility and enhance learning is known as

Which variable is NOT a factor in the increased likelihood of antisocial behaviour for children from low socioeconomic status families?

Relational aggression is aggression motived by the desire

Parents do NOT influence the development of prosocial behaviour in their children through

Differences in which factor are considered to be the source of the different pattern of moral reasoning shown by individuals in non-Western societies?

Which statement about changes in the development of moral reasoning is accurate, according to Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

When presented with Piaget's stories designed to assess children's moral reasoning, Piaget would expect 11-year-old Jabar to say that

Kohlberg classified children into stages of moral development on the basis of their

Instrumental aggression is aggression motived by the desire

Which statement about parental influence on children's prosocial behaviour is TRUE?

Which statement about changes in aggression exhibited by children is TRUE?

According to _____, growth in moral reasoning occurs not through stage-like change but through gradual change based on the child's interactions with peers and adults as well as through direct teachings from their parents.

Based on most of the existing research that has examined Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, which assertion is a true statement about the effect of cultural values on moral reasoning?

Conduct problems that emerge in adolescence are particularly likely to be associated with

Which statement about school-based interventions designed to promote prosocial behaviour is TRUE?

What did Piaget call the FIRST stage of moral development?

The tendency for individuals of low socioeconomic status in the United States and Brazil to allow children less autonomy than do middle-class individuals may be a factor in which socioeconomic status difference in social judgment?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters