Question 1

Parental conflict is associated with children's antisocial and aggressive behaviour because parents who have high marital conflict tend to

Accepted Answer

A) be less skilled at parenting than are other parents. 
B) model aggressive behaviours. 
C) be more hostile toward their children than are other parents. 
D) exhibit all of these characteristics. 
A) be less skilled at parenting than are other parents. 
B) model aggressive behaviours. 
C) be more hostile toward their children than are other parents. 
D) exhibit all of these characteristics.

Question 2

Aggression in elementary school children is MOST commonly

Accepted Answer

A) hostile. 
B) instrumental. 
C) aggravated. 
D) biochemical. 
A) hostile. 
B) instrumental. 
C) aggravated. 
D) biochemical.

Question 3

Consider this moral dilemma: "Henry borrows a wood knife from his friend Gerry so that he can carve a miniature boat from a piece of wood. Henry promises that he will return the knife if Gerry wants it back. Several days later, Gerry asks Henry to return the knife because Gerry wants to use the knife to inflict damage on school property. Henry returns the knife to Gerry, since he did promise to return it if Gerry asked." Based on Kohlberg's theory, what level of moral reasoning did Henry use to make his decision to return the knife? What are the characteristics of this level of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Based on Kohlberg's theory, Henry demons

Question 4

Which trait is NOT a characteristic of peer interactions that influences children to make the transition from Piaget's stage of moral constraint to the stage of autonomous morality?

Accepted Answer

A) egalitarian 
B) focused on rule-based games 
C) cooperative 
D) antagonistic 
A) egalitarian 
B) focused on rule-based games 
C) cooperative 
D) antagonistic

Question 5

The reciprocal role of children's behaviour and parents' discipline in promoting antisocial behaviour is NOT illustrated by which statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Parents and children may share genetic tendencies towards impulsivity and distractibility, thus increasing the likelihood of a vicious cycle of physical punishment and aggression. 
B) Parents who are depressed may be less likely to monitor their children, and parents who are punitive are more likely to have children who are antisocial. 
C) Parents whose children throw temper tantrums may be more likely to try to avoid scolding them, reinforcing the children's temper tantrums. 
D) Children who are antisocial may elicit harsher parenting, and the harsh parenting may influence children to be more antisocial. 
A) Parents and children may share genetic tendencies towards impulsivity and distractibility, thus increasing the likelihood of a vicious cycle of physical punishment and aggression. 
B) Parents who are depressed may be less likely to monitor their children, and parents who are punitive are more likely to have children who are antisocial. 
C) Parents whose children throw temper tantrums may be more likely to try to avoid scolding them, reinforcing the children's temper tantrums. 
D) Children who are antisocial may elicit harsher parenting, and the harsh parenting may influence children to be more antisocial.

Question 6

A child in which of Piaget's stages of moral development does NOT take intentions into account when determining whether a behaviour is moral or immoral?

Accepted Answer

A) autonomous morality 
B) heteronomous morality of constraint 
C) transitional period 
D) conventional level 
A) autonomous morality 
B) heteronomous morality of constraint 
C) transitional period 
D) conventional level

Question 7

Research on the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 suggests that knowing which allele variant an individual has would enable one to predict

Accepted Answer

A) the age at which the individual will develop a conscience. 
B) whether the individual's conscience development will be negatively affected by low maternal responsiveness. 
C) whether the individual attains the highest levels of moral judgment. 
D) whether the individual is likely to internalize his or her parents' standards of morality. 
A) the age at which the individual will develop a conscience. 
B) whether the individual's conscience development will be negatively affected by low maternal responsiveness. 
C) whether the individual attains the highest levels of moral judgment. 
D) whether the individual is likely to internalize his or her parents' standards of morality.

Question 8

Prosocial behaviour

Accepted Answer

A) decreases with age in childhood and then increases into adulthood. 
B) is less common than self-focused discomfort (in response to others' distress) before the age of 18 months. 
C) is rarely seen in children under the age of 2, although they often display empathy and sympathy. 
D) is less common than aggressive behaviour in response to others' distress. 
A) decreases with age in childhood and then increases into adulthood. 
B) is less common than self-focused discomfort (in response to others' distress) before the age of 18 months. 
C) is rarely seen in children under the age of 2, although they often display empathy and sympathy. 
D) is less common than aggressive behaviour in response to others' distress.

Question 9

Which statement by a parent is MOST likely to teach children the value of being prosocial?

Accepted Answer

A) "If we help that boy, he will be less sad." 
B) "We should help that boy because it is a good thing to do." 
C) "We are nice people, so we should help that boy." 
D) "It will make us feel good to help that boy." 
A) "If we help that boy, he will be less sad." 
B) "We should help that boy because it is a good thing to do." 
C) "We are nice people, so we should help that boy." 
D) "It will make us feel good to help that boy."

Question 10

What has been demonstrated by research on young children's ability to appreciate the importance of intentionality in morality?

Accepted Answer

A) Consistent with Piaget's theory, young children are unable to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning. 
B) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are able to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning when the consequences of the behaviour are made more salient. 
C) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are able to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning when the motives behind the behaviour are made more salient. 
D) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are nearly as capable of considering intentionality in their moral reasoning as are older children. 
A) Consistent with Piaget's theory, young children are unable to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning. 
B) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are able to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning when the consequences of the behaviour are made more salient. 
C) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are able to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning when the motives behind the behaviour are made more salient. 
D) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are nearly as capable of considering intentionality in their moral reasoning as are older children.

Question 11

Choices made in which domain of social judgement are directly related to children's sense of autonomy and identity?

Accepted Answer

A) moral domain 
B) societal domain 
C) personal domain 
D) environmental domain 
A) moral domain 
B) societal domain 
C) personal domain 
D) environmental domain

Question 12

Disruptive, hostile, or aggressive behaviour that violates social norms or rules and that harms or takes advantage of others is called

Accepted Answer

A) antisocial behaviour. 
B) juvenile offences. 
C) prosocial behaviour. 
D) status behaviour. 
A) antisocial behaviour. 
B) juvenile offences. 
C) prosocial behaviour. 
D) status behaviour.

Question 13

Which of these is NOT included in the personal domain of social knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A) how children spend their money 
B) how children choose to present themselves to others 
C) who children choose to be friends with 
D) how children demonstrate manners 
A) how children spend their money 
B) how children choose to present themselves to others 
C) who children choose to be friends with 
D) how children demonstrate manners

Question 14

Which factor is associated with children's internalization of parents' standards and values?

Accepted Answer

A) harsh discipline 
B) parental power 
C) rational explanations 
D) insecure parent child relationship 
A) harsh discipline 
B) parental power 
C) rational explanations 
D) insecure parent child relationship

Question 15

Which of these is NOT a domain of social knowledge, according to the social domain theory of morality?

Accepted Answer

A) moral domain 
B) societal domain 
C) personal domain 
D) environmental domain 
A) moral domain 
B) societal domain 
C) personal domain 
D) environmental domain

Question 16

Jim's parents and Horis's parents both use physical punishment, and both sets of parents tend to be quite controlling. In Jim's culture, but not in Horis's culture, physical punishment tends to be viewed as part of responsible parenting. What is the likely outcome for Jim and Horis in terms of antisocial behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) Jim and Horis have an equally increased risk of antisocial behaviour. 
B) Neither Jim nor Horis has an increased risk of antisocial behaviour. 
C) Only Jim has an increased risk of antisocial behaviour. 
D) Horis has a greater risk of antisocial behaviour than Jim. 
A) Jim and Horis have an equally increased risk of antisocial behaviour. 
B) Neither Jim nor Horis has an increased risk of antisocial behaviour. 
C) Only Jim has an increased risk of antisocial behaviour. 
D) Horis has a greater risk of antisocial behaviour than Jim.

Question 17

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment is LEAST likely to be exhibited?

Accepted Answer

A) Stage 1 
B) Stage 3 
C) Stage 5 
D) Stage 6 
A) Stage 1 
B) Stage 3 
C) Stage 5 
D) Stage 6

Question 18

Which statement constitutes postconventional moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) "I shouldn't do that because it is my responsibility to fulfil my duties." 
B) "I shouldn't do that because I will get caught and I don't want to be punished." 
C) "I shouldn't do that because it is not in the best interest of society." 
D) "I shouldn't do that because my parents won't think I am a good boy." 
A) "I shouldn't do that because it is my responsibility to fulfil my duties." 
B) "I shouldn't do that because I will get caught and I don't want to be punished." 
C) "I shouldn't do that because it is not in the best interest of society." 
D) "I shouldn't do that because my parents won't think I am a good boy."

Question 19

Twin studies conducted to examine the genetic contribution to prosocial behaviour have found that

Accepted Answer

A) fraternal twins and identical twins are equally similar to each other in levels of prosocial behaviour, and their similarity decreases with age. 
B) fraternal twins and identical twins are equally similar to each other in levels of prosocial behaviour, and their similarity increases with age. 
C) identical twins are more similar to each other in levels of prosocial behaviour than are fraternal twins, and their similarity decreases with age. 
D) identical twins are more similar to each other in levels of prosocial behaviour than are fraternal twins, and their similarity increases with age. 
A) fraternal twins and identical twins are equally similar to each other in levels of prosocial behaviour, and their similarity decreases with age. 
B) fraternal twins and identical twins are equally similar to each other in levels of prosocial behaviour, and their similarity increases with age. 
C) identical twins are more similar to each other in levels of prosocial behaviour than are fraternal twins, and their similarity decreases with age. 
D) identical twins are more similar to each other in levels of prosocial behaviour than are fraternal twins, and their similarity increases with age.

Question 20

Research using which type of procedure has demonstrated preschoolers' use of intentionality to evaluate others' behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) asking for judgments using moral dilemmas 
B) evaluating differences in the morality of characters described in different scenarios 
C) observing differences in children's willingness to help others who accidentally or purposely hurt another person 
D) performing meta-analytic review of previous research on the topic 
A) asking for judgments using moral dilemmas 
B) evaluating differences in the morality of characters described in different scenarios 
C) observing differences in children's willingness to help others who accidentally or purposely hurt another person 
D) performing meta-analytic review of previous research on the topic

Parental conflict is associated with children's antisocial and aggressive behaviour because parents who have high marital conflict tend to

Aggression in elementary school children is MOST commonly

Which trait is NOT a characteristic of peer interactions that influences children to make the transition from Piaget's stage of moral constraint to the stage of autonomous morality?

The reciprocal role of children's behaviour and parents' discipline in promoting antisocial behaviour is NOT illustrated by which statement?

A child in which of Piaget's stages of moral development does NOT take intentions into account when determining whether a behaviour is moral or immoral?

Research on the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 suggests that knowing which allele variant an individual has would enable one to predict

Prosocial behaviour

Which statement by a parent is MOST likely to teach children the value of being prosocial?

What has been demonstrated by research on young children's ability to appreciate the importance of intentionality in morality?

Choices made in which domain of social judgement are directly related to children's sense of autonomy and identity?

Disruptive, hostile, or aggressive behaviour that violates social norms or rules and that harms or takes advantage of others is called

Which of these is NOT included in the personal domain of social knowledge?

Which factor is associated with children's internalization of parents' standards and values?

Which of these is NOT a domain of social knowledge, according to the social domain theory of morality?

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment is LEAST likely to be exhibited?

Which statement constitutes postconventional moral reasoning?

Twin studies conducted to examine the genetic contribution to prosocial behaviour have found that

Research using which type of procedure has demonstrated preschoolers' use of intentionality to evaluate others' behaviour?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 14: Moral Development

Parental conflict is associated with children's antisocial and aggressive behaviour because parents who have high marital conflict tend to

Aggression in elementary school children is MOST commonly

Which trait is NOT a characteristic of peer interactions that influences children to make the transition from Piaget's stage of moral constraint to the stage of autonomous morality?

The reciprocal role of children's behaviour and parents' discipline in promoting antisocial behaviour is NOT illustrated by which statement?

A child in which of Piaget's stages of moral development does NOT take intentions into account when determining whether a behaviour is moral or immoral?

Research on the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 suggests that knowing which allele variant an individual has would enable one to predict

Prosocial behaviour

Which statement by a parent is MOST likely to teach children the value of being prosocial?

What has been demonstrated by research on young children's ability to appreciate the importance of intentionality in morality?

Choices made in which domain of social judgement are directly related to children's sense of autonomy and identity?

Disruptive, hostile, or aggressive behaviour that violates social norms or rules and that harms or takes advantage of others is called

Which of these is NOT included in the personal domain of social knowledge?

Which factor is associated with children's internalization of parents' standards and values?

Which of these is NOT a domain of social knowledge, according to the social domain theory of morality?

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment is LEAST likely to be exhibited?

Which statement constitutes postconventional moral reasoning?

Twin studies conducted to examine the genetic contribution to prosocial behaviour have found that

Research using which type of procedure has demonstrated preschoolers' use of intentionality to evaluate others' behaviour?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters