Question 1

Which statement about cultural differences in the effect of physical and abusive punishment on children's likelihood of becoming aggressive is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Both physical and abusive punishment lead to aggression equally in all cultures. 
B) Whereas physical punishment leads to aggression equally in all cultures, the strength of the association for abusive punishment varies somewhat among cultures. 
C) Whereas abusive punishment leads to aggression in all cultures, the strength of the association for physical punishment varies somewhat among cultures. 
D) Neither physical nor abusive punishment leads to aggression in any culture. 
A) Both physical and abusive punishment lead to aggression equally in all cultures. 
B) Whereas physical punishment leads to aggression equally in all cultures, the strength of the association for abusive punishment varies somewhat among cultures. 
C) Whereas abusive punishment leads to aggression in all cultures, the strength of the association for physical punishment varies somewhat among cultures. 
D) Neither physical nor abusive punishment leads to aggression in any culture.

Question 2

Which statement about the effect of temperament on the development of conscience is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Harsh discipline is equally effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for children of all temperamental styles. 
B) Gentle discipline is equally effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for children of all temperamental styles. 
C) Gentle discipline is effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for temperamentally kind children, but not for temperamentally angry children. 
D) Gentle discipline is effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for temperamentally fearful children, but not for temperamentally fearless children. 
A) Harsh discipline is equally effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for children of all temperamental styles. 
B) Gentle discipline is equally effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for children of all temperamental styles. 
C) Gentle discipline is effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for temperamentally kind children, but not for temperamentally angry children. 
D) Gentle discipline is effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for temperamentally fearful children, but not for temperamentally fearless children.

Question 3

When faced with a negative social situation, aggressive children, in comparison with nonaggressive children, are LESS likely to

Accepted Answer

A) attribute hostile intentions when others' motives are clear. 
B) come up with few alternatives for behaviour. 
C) feel confident in their ability to perform acts of aggression. 
D) have hostile goals. 
A) attribute hostile intentions when others' motives are clear. 
B) come up with few alternatives for behaviour. 
C) feel confident in their ability to perform acts of aggression. 
D) have hostile goals.

Question 4

During Piaget's transitional period, children

Accepted Answer

A) become more concrete in their thinking. 
B) become more susceptible to influences by their peers as to what is right and wrong. 
C) begin to value fairness. 
D) demonstrate greater respect for adults' impressions of morality. 
A) become more concrete in their thinking. 
B) become more susceptible to influences by their peers as to what is right and wrong. 
C) begin to value fairness. 
D) demonstrate greater respect for adults' impressions of morality.

Question 5

Which statement about the moral reasoning of males and females is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Males tend to be more concerned with protecting their image in the social circle when they make moral judgments. 
B) Females tend to focus their moral judgments more on issues of caring for other people than do males. 
C) Males tend to be less able to reason at their full cognitive capacity when faced with moral dilemmas. 
D) Differences in males' and females' moral reasoning are more apparent when reasoning about hypothetical moral dilemmas than when reasoning about dilemmas in their own lives. 
A) Males tend to be more concerned with protecting their image in the social circle when they make moral judgments. 
B) Females tend to focus their moral judgments more on issues of caring for other people than do males. 
C) Males tend to be less able to reason at their full cognitive capacity when faced with moral dilemmas. 
D) Differences in males' and females' moral reasoning are more apparent when reasoning about hypothetical moral dilemmas than when reasoning about dilemmas in their own lives.

Question 6

The Fast Track Intervention program described in the text

Accepted Answer

A) targeted moderate-risk schools. 
B) focused on promoting competency in two domains, academic achievement and peer relations. 
C) selected children with conduct problems to participate in a more intensive intervention. 
D) had no effect on rate of serious conduct problems. 
A) targeted moderate-risk schools. 
B) focused on promoting competency in two domains, academic achievement and peer relations. 
C) selected children with conduct problems to participate in a more intensive intervention. 
D) had no effect on rate of serious conduct problems.

Question 7

According to Kohlberg, individuals at the MOST advanced stage of moral reasoning believe that morally right behaviour involves

Accepted Answer

A) upholding laws. 
B) universal principles of justice. 
C) obedience to authorities. 
D) doing what is expected by people close to the individual. 
A) upholding laws. 
B) universal principles of justice. 
C) obedience to authorities. 
D) doing what is expected by people close to the individual.

Question 8

Which statement about the biological influence on aggression is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Heredity plays a similarly strong role in aggression in childhood and adolescence. 
B) It is a myth that testosterone plays a role in aggression. 
C) Genetic, neurological, and hormonal characteristics are probably sufficient to produce an aggressive child, regardless of environmental factors. 
D) Heredity has a larger influence on some types of aggression than on other types. 
A) Heredity plays a similarly strong role in aggression in childhood and adolescence. 
B) It is a myth that testosterone plays a role in aggression. 
C) Genetic, neurological, and hormonal characteristics are probably sufficient to produce an aggressive child, regardless of environmental factors. 
D) Heredity has a larger influence on some types of aggression than on other types.

Question 9

Describe the parenting practices associated with development of prosocial behaviour in children.

Accepted Answer

High levels of prosocial behaviour and s

Question 10

The study that involved interviewing individuals who had rescued Jews from the Nazis in Europe during World War II demonstrated that, compared to "bystanders," "rescuers" were more likely to recall their parents having taught them the importance of

Accepted Answer

A) caring for all human beings. 
B) independence. 
C) ethical obligations to family, church, and community. 
D) economic competence. 
A) caring for all human beings. 
B) independence. 
C) ethical obligations to family, church, and community. 
D) economic competence.

Question 11

Which statement about parental socialization of sympathy and prosocial behaviour is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Parental warmth and support appear to be sufficient to promote prosocial tendencies. 
B) The use of rewards and punishment is moderately effective at fostering altruism. 
C) Children who are often encouraged by their parents to engage in helpful activities often fail to internalize prosocial values as they become bored with or even rebel from these practices. 
D) The primary environmental influence on children's development of prosocial behaviour is their socialization in the family. 
A) Parental warmth and support appear to be sufficient to promote prosocial tendencies. 
B) The use of rewards and punishment is moderately effective at fostering altruism. 
C) Children who are often encouraged by their parents to engage in helpful activities often fail to internalize prosocial values as they become bored with or even rebel from these practices. 
D) The primary environmental influence on children's development of prosocial behaviour is their socialization in the family.

Question 12

Describe two lasting contributions Kohlberg made to psychologists' current understanding of moral development. In addition, provide a detailed description of two criticisms that have been made about Kohlberg's theory. Looking at both Kohlberg's contributions and the criticisms made of his theory, what are your thoughts on the value of his theory of moral reasoning? Be specific in your discussion.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary based on students' per

Question 13

Piaget would expect which child to progress into the stage of autonomous morality MOST quickly?

Accepted Answer

A) Adena, whose cognitive development is progressing typically 
B) Barry, who makes up games with his friends in the neighbourhood 
C) Carla, whose parents are highly authoritarian 
D) Dean, who has few peer interactions as he is schooled at home with a private tutor 
A) Adena, whose cognitive development is progressing typically 
B) Barry, who makes up games with his friends in the neighbourhood 
C) Carla, whose parents are highly authoritarian 
D) Dean, who has few peer interactions as he is schooled at home with a private tutor

Question 14

Which statement describes an aspect of Piaget's theory of moral judgment that has been supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A) Interacting with peers stimulates moral development. 
B) Preschool-aged children do not consider intentionality when reasoning about morality. 
C) Children increasingly consider motives when judging the morality of actions. 
D) Young children focus on being obedient to authorities and avoiding punishment. 
A) Interacting with peers stimulates moral development. 
B) Preschool-aged children do not consider intentionality when reasoning about morality. 
C) Children increasingly consider motives when judging the morality of actions. 
D) Young children focus on being obedient to authorities and avoiding punishment.

Question 15

Which component of social judgment does NOT vary by culture?

Accepted Answer

A) designation of behaviours as social-conventional, moral, or personal 
B) consideration of whether attending to the needs of strangers is a moral obligation 
C) distinction between social convention and morality 
D) importance accorded to social judgements 
A) designation of behaviours as social-conventional, moral, or personal 
B) consideration of whether attending to the needs of strangers is a moral obligation 
C) distinction between social convention and morality 
D) importance accorded to social judgements

Question 16

Which of these is NOT one of the roots of prosocial behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) generally performed in exchange for social approval 
B) inspired by empathy 
C) ability to take the perspective of others 
D) inspired by sympathy 
A) generally performed in exchange for social approval 
B) inspired by empathy 
C) ability to take the perspective of others 
D) inspired by sympathy

Question 17

The combination of which variables in childhood is especially likely to predict aggression, antisocial behaviour, and run-ins with the police in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A) being a member of an ethnic minority, impulsivity, and low level of guilt 
B) problems with attention, callousness, and impulsivity 
C) callousness, impulsivity, and emotional negativity 
D) emotional negativity, impulsivity, and low level of guilt 
A) being a member of an ethnic minority, impulsivity, and low level of guilt 
B) problems with attention, callousness, and impulsivity 
C) callousness, impulsivity, and emotional negativity 
D) emotional negativity, impulsivity, and low level of guilt

Question 18

Is aggressive behaviour during elementary school associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30?

Accepted Answer

A) No, aggressive behaviour during elementary school is not associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30. 
B) Yes, aggressive behaviour during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30, but only for males. 
C) Yes, aggressive behaviour during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30, but only for females. 
D) Yes, aggressive behaviour during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30 for both males and females. 
A) No, aggressive behaviour during elementary school is not associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30. 
B) Yes, aggressive behaviour during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30, but only for males. 
C) Yes, aggressive behaviour during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30, but only for females. 
D) Yes, aggressive behaviour during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30 for both males and females.

Question 19

Which cultural practice is NOT likely to lead to increased prosocial behaviour and/or decreased antisocial behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) living with extended families in a traditional culture 
B) having responsibility for other family members 
C) having fathers who are relatively less involved with their wives and children 
D) emphasizing support of others' thoughts and feelings 
A) living with extended families in a traditional culture 
B) having responsibility for other family members 
C) having fathers who are relatively less involved with their wives and children 
D) emphasizing support of others' thoughts and feelings

Question 20

Which decision would be MOST likely to be considered by people in Western cultures to be within the personal domain, according to the social domain theory?

Accepted Answer

A) choosing whether to wear a tie to a formal restaurant 
B) deciding whether to play soccer or baseball after school 
C) deciding whether to put one's napkin on one's lap or leave it on the table 
D) choosing whether to return a $10 bill dropped by a person standing ahead in line 
A) choosing whether to wear a tie to a formal restaurant 
B) deciding whether to play soccer or baseball after school 
C) deciding whether to put one's napkin on one's lap or leave it on the table 
D) choosing whether to return a $10 bill dropped by a person standing ahead in line

Which statement about cultural differences in the effect of physical and abusive punishment on children's likelihood of becoming aggressive is TRUE?

Which statement about the effect of temperament on the development of conscience is TRUE?

When faced with a negative social situation, aggressive children, in comparison with nonaggressive children, are LESS likely to

During Piaget's transitional period, children

Which statement about the moral reasoning of males and females is TRUE?

The Fast Track Intervention program described in the text

According to Kohlberg, individuals at the MOST advanced stage of moral reasoning believe that morally right behaviour involves

Which statement about the biological influence on aggression is TRUE?

Describe the parenting practices associated with development of prosocial behaviour in children.

The study that involved interviewing individuals who had rescued Jews from the Nazis in Europe during World War II demonstrated that, compared to "bystanders," "rescuers" were more likely to recall their parents having taught them the importance of

Which statement about parental socialization of sympathy and prosocial behaviour is TRUE?

Piaget would expect which child to progress into the stage of autonomous morality MOST quickly?

Which statement describes an aspect of Piaget's theory of moral judgment that has been supported by research?

Which component of social judgment does NOT vary by culture?

Which of these is NOT one of the roots of prosocial behaviour?

The combination of which variables in childhood is especially likely to predict aggression, antisocial behaviour, and run-ins with the police in adolescence?

Is aggressive behaviour during elementary school associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30?

Which cultural practice is NOT likely to lead to increased prosocial behaviour and/or decreased antisocial behaviour?

Which decision would be MOST likely to be considered by people in Western cultures to be within the personal domain, according to the social domain theory?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 14: Moral Development

Which statement about cultural differences in the effect of physical and abusive punishment on children's likelihood of becoming aggressive is TRUE?

Which statement about the effect of temperament on the development of conscience is TRUE?

When faced with a negative social situation, aggressive children, in comparison with nonaggressive children, are LESS likely to

During Piaget's transitional period, children

Which statement about the moral reasoning of males and females is TRUE?

The Fast Track Intervention program described in the text

According to Kohlberg, individuals at the MOST advanced stage of moral reasoning believe that morally right behaviour involves

Which statement about the biological influence on aggression is TRUE?

Describe the parenting practices associated with development of prosocial behaviour in children.

The study that involved interviewing individuals who had rescued Jews from the Nazis in Europe during World War II demonstrated that, compared to "bystanders," "rescuers" were more likely to recall their parents having taught them the importance of

Which statement about parental socialization of sympathy and prosocial behaviour is TRUE?

Piaget would expect which child to progress into the stage of autonomous morality MOST quickly?

Which statement describes an aspect of Piaget's theory of moral judgment that has been supported by research?

Which component of social judgment does NOT vary by culture?

Which of these is NOT one of the roots of prosocial behaviour?

The combination of which variables in childhood is especially likely to predict aggression, antisocial behaviour, and run-ins with the police in adolescence?

Is aggressive behaviour during elementary school associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30?

Which cultural practice is NOT likely to lead to increased prosocial behaviour and/or decreased antisocial behaviour?

Which decision would be MOST likely to be considered by people in Western cultures to be within the personal domain, according to the social domain theory?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters