Question 1

Discuss Halloween as an example of an antifestival.

Accepted Answer

Halloween is a holiday that has evolved from a pagan religious observance to a secular event. However, in contrast to Christmas, the rituals of Halloween (e.g., trick-or-treating and costume parties) primarily involve non-family members. Halloween is an unusual holiday because its rituals are the opposite of many other cultural occasions. Contrasting with Christmas, it celebrates evil instead of good and death rather than birth, and it encourages revellers to extort treats with veiled threats of "tricks" rather than rewarding only the good. Because of these oppositions, Halloween has been described as an antifestival in which the symbols associated with other holidays are distorted. For example, the Halloween witch can be viewed as an inverted mother figure. The holiday also parodies the meaning of Easter, by stressing the resurrection of ghosts, and of Thanksgiving, by transforming the wholesome symbolism of the pumpkin pie into the evil jack-o-lantern. Furthermore, Halloween provides a ritualized, and therefore socially sanctioned, context in which people can act out uncharacteristic behaviours and try on new roles: Children can go outside after dark, stay up late, and eat all the candy they like for a night. The otherwise geeky guy who always sits in the back of class comes dressed as a Sacha Baron Cohen character and turns out to be the life of the party.

Question 2

When James says Morocco has short-term orientation, he means that Morocco:

Accepted Answer

A)  is orientated toward future rewards such as thrift. 
B)  has set a number of 5-10 year political objectives. 
C)  respects past traditions and fulfilling its social obligations. 
D)  lives only for the present. 
A)  is orientated toward future rewards such as thrift. 
B)  has set a number of 5-10 year political objectives. 
C)  respects past traditions and fulfilling its social obligations. 
D)  lives only for the present. C

Question 3

Define culture and give a brief description of how it is viewed in relation to products.

Accepted Answer

Culture is the accumulation of shared meanings, rituals, norms, and traditions among the members of an organization or society.
Students can discuss culture along the following dimensions.
Culture has been described as being:
• the "lens" through which people view products.
• a phenomenon whereby a consumer's overall priorities are attached to different activities and products.
• mandating the success or failure of specific products and services.
• able to relate product usage to norms, values, rituals, symbols, etc.

Question 4

What is an antiglobal consumer?

Accepted Answer

A large-scale study with consumers in 41

Question 5

Individualism/collectivism refers to the extent to which the welfare of the individual versus that of the group is valued.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Could rituals serve as a segmentation variable? Explain your answer, including a specific example if you believe so.

Accepted Answer

Examples may vary.
This is a subjective

Question 7

Carlos, while out shopping for a birthday gift for his wife, decides to buy himself a watch that he has been eyeing for a few months. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a transference reaction. 
B)  self-gifting. 
C)  relationship equality. 
D)  a gifting ritual. 
A)  a transference reaction. 
B)  self-gifting. 
C)  relationship equality. 
D)  a gifting ritual.

Question 8

Culture, a concept crucial to the understanding of consumer behaviour, may be thought of as a society's personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the difference between enacted and crescive norms? Give an example of the latter.

Accepted Answer

Some norms, called enacted norms, such a

Question 10

Profane consumption involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  exaggerated habits. 
B)  extraordinary events. 
C)  pornographic products. 
D)  ordinary consumer objects. 
A)  exaggerated habits. 
B)  extraordinary events. 
C)  pornographic products. 
D)  ordinary consumer objects.

Question 11

Cross-culturally speaking, the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  individualism/collectivism. 
B)  uncertainty avoidance. 
C)  masculinity/femininity. 
D)  power distance. 
A)  individualism/collectivism. 
B)  uncertainty avoidance. 
C)  masculinity/femininity. 
D)  power distance.

Question 12

Marika claims her culture is high in power distance. What best describes what she means?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her culture has a greater degree of societal inequalities. 
B)  Her culture distances its powerful individuals from political power. 
C)  Her culture puts a lot of effort into maintaining social norms. 
D)  Her culture believes that power should be controlled so as to maintain stability. 
A)  Her culture has a greater degree of societal inequalities. 
B)  Her culture distances its powerful individuals from political power. 
C)  Her culture puts a lot of effort into maintaining social norms. 
D)  Her culture believes that power should be controlled so as to maintain stability.

Question 13

Manuel attended his best friend's wedding. At the ceremony he was handed a program as he entered and at the dinner every place setting had a fridge magnet to take home with a picture of the bride and groom on it. Manuel received a ________ respectively.

Accepted Answer

A)  memento and gift 
B)  presentation and gift 
C)  ritual script and ritual artifact 
D)  personal rituals 
A)  memento and gift 
B)  presentation and gift 
C)  ritual script and ritual artifact 
D)  personal rituals

Question 14

Consumers who don't base purchase decisions on a brand's global attributes are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  global citizens. 
B)  antiglobals. 
C)  global agnostics. 
D)  global sceptics. 
A)  global citizens. 
B)  antiglobals. 
C)  global agnostics. 
D)  global sceptics.

Question 15

What is the difference between a custom and a more?

Accepted Answer

A custom is a norm handed down from the

Question 16

The Pope would be an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural convention. 
B)  sacred person. 
C)  cultural object. 
D)  reciprocity symbol. 
A)  cultural convention. 
B)  sacred person. 
C)  cultural object. 
D)  reciprocity symbol.

Question 17

Cross-culturally speaking, a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  individualism/collectivism. 
B)  uncertainty avoidance. 
C)  masculinity/femininity. 
D)  power distance. 
A)  individualism/collectivism. 
B)  uncertainty avoidance. 
C)  masculinity/femininity. 
D)  power distance.

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes what a myth is?

Accepted Answer

A)  A myth is a fiction that large numbers of people in a culture believe to be true. 
B)  A myth is a story that people like because it separates those in the know from those who are not culturally aware. 
C)  A myth is a story containing shared cultural symbolic meaning. The story may literally be true or false, but it conveys some cultural truth. 
D)  A myth is an old story that has been around so long that everyone in a culture can relate to it through shared memories. 
A)  A myth is a fiction that large numbers of people in a culture believe to be true. 
B)  A myth is a story that people like because it separates those in the know from those who are not culturally aware. 
C)  A myth is a story containing shared cultural symbolic meaning. The story may literally be true or false, but it conveys some cultural truth. 
D)  A myth is an old story that has been around so long that everyone in a culture can relate to it through shared memories.

Question 19

Taiwan's culture values subordination of personal goals for those of a stable in-group. These are associated with a(n) ________ culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilative 
B)  collectivist 
C)  co-operative 
D)  individualist 
A)  assimilative 
B)  collectivist 
C)  co-operative 
D)  individualist

Question 20

What is a global agnostic?

Accepted Answer

A large-scale study with consumers in 41

Discuss Halloween as an example of an antifestival.

When James says Morocco has short-term orientation, he means that Morocco:

Define culture and give a brief description of how it is viewed in relation to products.

What is an antiglobal consumer?

Individualism/collectivism refers to the extent to which the welfare of the individual versus that of the group is valued.

Could rituals serve as a segmentation variable? Explain your answer, including a specific example if you believe so.

Carlos, while out shopping for a birthday gift for his wife, decides to buy himself a watch that he has been eyeing for a few months. This is an example of:

Culture, a concept crucial to the understanding of consumer behaviour, may be thought of as a society's personality.

What is the difference between enacted and crescive norms? Give an example of the latter.

Profane consumption involves:

Cross-culturally speaking, the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally is referred to as:

Marika claims her culture is high in power distance. What best describes what she means?

Manuel attended his best friend's wedding. At the ceremony he was handed a program as he entered and at the dinner every place setting had a fridge magnet to take home with a picture of the bride and groom on it. Manuel received a ________ respectively.

Consumers who don't base purchase decisions on a brand's global attributes are referred to as:

What is the difference between a custom and a more?

The Pope would be an example of a(n):

Cross-culturally speaking, a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity is referred to as:

Which of the following statements best describes what a myth is?

Taiwan's culture values subordination of personal goals for those of a stable in-group. These are associated with a(n) ________ culture.

What is a global agnostic?

An Introduction to Consumer Behaviour

Perception

Learning and Memory

Motivation and Affect

The Self

Personality, Lifestyles, and Values

Attitudes

Attitude Change and Interactive Communications

Individual Decision Making

Buying and Disposing

Group Influence and Social Media

Income, Social Class, and Family Structure

Subcultures

The Creation and Diffusion of Culture

Filters

Exam 14: Cultural Influences on Consumer Behaviour

Discuss Halloween as an example of an antifestival.

When James says Morocco has short-term orientation, he means that Morocco:

Define culture and give a brief description of how it is viewed in relation to products.

What is an antiglobal consumer?

Individualism/collectivism refers to the extent to which the welfare of the individual versus that of the group is valued.

Could rituals serve as a segmentation variable? Explain your answer, including a specific example if you believe so.

Carlos, while out shopping for a birthday gift for his wife, decides to buy himself a watch that he has been eyeing for a few months. This is an example of:

Culture, a concept crucial to the understanding of consumer behaviour, may be thought of as a society's personality.

What is the difference between enacted and crescive norms? Give an example of the latter.

Profane consumption involves:

Cross-culturally speaking, the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally is referred to as:

Marika claims her culture is high in power distance. What best describes what she means?

Manuel attended his best friend's wedding. At the ceremony he was handed a program as he entered and at the dinner every place setting had a fridge magnet to take home with a picture of the bride and groom on it. Manuel received a ________ respectively.

Consumers who don't base purchase decisions on a brand's global attributes are referred to as:

What is the difference between a custom and a more?

The Pope would be an example of a(n):

Cross-culturally speaking, a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity is referred to as:

Which of the following statements best describes what a myth is?

Taiwan's culture values subordination of personal goals for those of a stable in-group. These are associated with a(n) ________ culture.

What is a global agnostic?

An Introduction to Consumer Behaviour

Perception

Learning and Memory

Motivation and Affect

The Self

Personality, Lifestyles, and Values

Attitudes

Attitude Change and Interactive Communications

Individual Decision Making

Buying and Disposing

Group Influence and Social Media

Income, Social Class, and Family Structure

Subcultures

The Creation and Diffusion of Culture

Filters