Exam 8: Remembering and Judging

Orlando swears he remembers the cake and the guests at the party his parents held in honor of his 4th birthday. In reality, Orlando merely remembers the snapshots of the event he viewed in his Mom's photo album much later in his childhood. Orlando's manufactured memory reflects:

Loftus and Palmer (1974) conducted an experiment in which participants estimated the speed of cars that were described as either contacting or smashing into another. To which of the following conclusions regarding eyewitness memory is this study most relevant

Consider the concept of cognitive accessibility. In the context of cognitive biases, the term accessible is most similar to the term _________.

Which of the following is the best definition of the cognitive accessibility

When we look up a number in the phone book, close the book, and then begin to dial the number, we are relying on

Which of the following is NOT among the neurotransmitters mentioned in your text as important in memory

As you work on a complex multiplication problem in your head, the numbers you are manipulating are in your __________ memory, and the multiplication tables you are drawing on are in _________ memory.

__________ examined how long information can last in sensory memory. __________ investigated the duration of short-term memory.

When using a software package's new interface, you keep trying to use the same menus and make the same selections that worked so well in the old version of the interface. You are experiencing _______ interference.

Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship, if any, between elaborative encoding and the self-reference effect

Semantic and episodic memory are subdivisions of __________ memory.

A researcher presents participants with a list of words. She asks the participants to count the letters in the words in Group 1, to come up with rhymes for the words in Group 2, and to produce synonyms for the words in Group 3. Later, she tests the participants' memory for all of the words. From best to worst, which pattern correctly indicates how well words in each group will be remembered

Which of the following is a definition of the confirmation bias

On a test of recall, participants who learn a list of words in one room do better if tested in that same room than if tested in a different room. This finding is best explained by:

On your computer desktop, you can see all sorts of different files, each immediately accessible. Because you are actively working on them, and because you can open them whenever you want, these files are analogous to the information held in:

In an implicit memory experiment, participants are first briefly exposed to unusual, lengthy words in Phase I; later in the week, in Phase II, participants return for a word completion task, in which they attempt to fill in the missing letters of each of a list of words (e.g., p _ _ _ u d _ _ e). Some of the words correspond to Phase I words; others do not. The Phase I word is termed a _______; Phase II words that also appeared in Phase I should be completed ________ accurately than those that did not.

Sometimes we are prone to judge an individual based on our perception of his or her match to the category of people he or she most closely resembles; that is, we fall prey to the __________ heuristic.