Exam 3: The Search for Causes

What is atavism?

________ criminology argues that the distribution of wealth and power in society is the primary cause of criminal behavior.

A psychopath is someone who is out of touch with reality in some fundamental way.

A violation of social norms defining appropriate or proper behavior under a particular set of circumstances is known as

________ refer(s)to the relatively stable characteristic patterns of thoughts,feelings,and behaviors that make a person unique,and that influence that person's behavior.

A person who has been diagnosed with ________ probably exhibits disordered or disjoined thinking and makes logical associations that are not typical of those made by other people.

All deviant behavior is a violation of the criminal law.

Adolescent-limited offenders continue to reoffend through life.

Match the theory with its approach. A)Biosocial B)Sociological C)Social Process D)Emergent E)Conflict F)Biological G)Psychological H)Classical/Neoclassical -Peacemaking

Match the sociological or social process theory with its definition. A)Crime can be mapped according to its social characteristics B)Everyone is subject to inducements to crime but factors such as social roles,conscience,and a positive self-image help prevent individuals from engaging in crime and deviance C)Posits the existence of group values that support criminal behavior D)Crime is the product of socialization and is acquired by criminals according to the same principles that guide the learning of law-abiding behavior in conformists E)Offenders use various techniques to rationalize their criminal behavior and shed feelings of guilt F)Continued crime results from negative social reaction those defined as offenders G)The bond between individuals and society is the primary operative mechanism keeping individuals from engaging in crime H)Crime occurs when there is a disjunction between socially acceptable goals and means in society -Subcultural theory

Match the theory with its approach. A)Biosocial B)Sociological C)Social Process D)Emergent E)Conflict F)Biological G)Psychological H)Classical/Neoclassical -Feminist

A(n)________ is tested by how well it describes and predicts reality.

Which abnormal chromosomal structure is associated with the concept of a "supermale"?

Match the sociological or social process theory with its definition. A)Crime can be mapped according to its social characteristics B)Everyone is subject to inducements to crime but factors such as social roles,conscience,and a positive self-image help prevent individuals from engaging in crime and deviance C)Posits the existence of group values that support criminal behavior D)Crime is the product of socialization and is acquired by criminals according to the same principles that guide the learning of law-abiding behavior in conformists E)Offenders use various techniques to rationalize their criminal behavior and shed feelings of guilt F)Continued crime results from negative social reaction those defined as offenders G)The bond between individuals and society is the primary operative mechanism keeping individuals from engaging in crime H)Crime occurs when there is a disjunction between socially acceptable goals and means in society -Neutralization

An offender neutralizes his guilt over the robbery of a convenience store by claiming that the victim routinely cheated customers and deserved to be targeted.This is an example of which technique of neutralization?

What is meant by "emergent perspectives"? Explain in detail two emergent perspectives on crime causation.

Match the sociological or social process theory with its definition. A)Crime can be mapped according to its social characteristics B)Everyone is subject to inducements to crime but factors such as social roles,conscience,and a positive self-image help prevent individuals from engaging in crime and deviance C)Posits the existence of group values that support criminal behavior D)Crime is the product of socialization and is acquired by criminals according to the same principles that guide the learning of law-abiding behavior in conformists E)Offenders use various techniques to rationalize their criminal behavior and shed feelings of guilt F)Continued crime results from negative social reaction those defined as offenders G)The bond between individuals and society is the primary operative mechanism keeping individuals from engaging in crime H)Crime occurs when there is a disjunction between socially acceptable goals and means in society -Containment theory

Peacemaking criminology emphasizes involving victims as well as offenders in criminal justice.

According to somatotyping,________ have the greatest likelihood of becoming criminal offenders.

What is a theory? Describe the steps in criminological theory building,and explain the role that social research plays in the development of theories about crime.