Exam 3: The Search for Causes

Match the theory with its approach. A)Biosocial B)Sociological C)Social Process D)Emergent E)Conflict F)Biological G)Psychological H)Classical/Neoclassical -Gender role problem

Increased levels of testosterone may be linked to increased aggressiveness in men.

Match the theory with its approach. A)Biosocial B)Sociological C)Social Process D)Emergent E)Conflict F)Biological G)Psychological H)Classical/Neoclassical -Psychoanalysis

Labeling theory specifically attempts to explain the origin of crime and deviance.

According to labeling theory,criminality is a quality that is inherent in an action or in a person.

Match the sociological or social process theory with its definition. A)Crime can be mapped according to its social characteristics B)Everyone is subject to inducements to crime but factors such as social roles,conscience,and a positive self-image help prevent individuals from engaging in crime and deviance C)Posits the existence of group values that support criminal behavior D)Crime is the product of socialization and is acquired by criminals according to the same principles that guide the learning of law-abiding behavior in conformists E)Offenders use various techniques to rationalize their criminal behavior and shed feelings of guilt F)Continued crime results from negative social reaction those defined as offenders G)The bond between individuals and society is the primary operative mechanism keeping individuals from engaging in crime H)Crime occurs when there is a disjunction between socially acceptable goals and means in society -Differential association

Match Merton's categories to the type of criminality. A)Political crime B)Drug use and vagrancy C)Law-abiding behavior D)Property and white-collar crime E)Repetitive and mundane lifestyle -Rebel

________ theories emphasize the role of learning in crime causation.

Sociological theories that blame the social environment for crime argue that the way to prevent crime is through social action.

Modern feminist criminology focuses on the link between victimization and criminality in women offenders.

________ refers to a condition of normlessness that is said to exist when a group is faced with social change,uneven development of culture,maladaptiveness,disharmony,conflict,and lack of consensus.

Explain the three separate life pathways that lead to criminality that have been identified by the Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency.