Question 1

According to Piaget, what characterizes concrete-operational thought?

Accepted Answer

A) Schemes revolve primarily around sensory and motor abilities. 
B) Schemes no longer include reversibility. 
C) Schemes now include hypothetical outcomes and logical deductions. 
D) Schemes for mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world. 
A) Schemes revolve primarily around sensory and motor abilities. 
B) Schemes no longer include reversibility. 
C) Schemes now include hypothetical outcomes and logical deductions. 
D) Schemes for mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world. D

Question 2

Which Piagetian principle is a young child demonstrating when he or she understands that changing the shape of an object does not necessarily change its mass?

Accepted Answer

A) centration 
B) accommodation 
C) assimilation 
D) conservation 
A) centration 
B) accommodation 
C) assimilation 
D) conservation D

Question 3

Which statement best characterizes an individual's understanding of beliefs and desires when he or she has acquired a theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

A) Beliefs and desires are different mental states, and either or both can influence a person's conduct. 
B) Beliefs influence an individual's conduct only when they are concordant with that person's desires. 
C) Beliefs influence an individual's conduct only when they are discordant with that person's desires. 
D) Desires are generally more important than beliefs in determining an individual's behaviour. 
A) Beliefs and desires are different mental states, and either or both can influence a person's conduct. 
B) Beliefs influence an individual's conduct only when they are concordant with that person's desires. 
C) Beliefs influence an individual's conduct only when they are discordant with that person's desires. 
D) Desires are generally more important than beliefs in determining an individual's behaviour. A

Question 4

According to Baron-Cohen's research, what is the source of the difficulties that children with autistic disorder have with understanding others' thoughts?

Accepted Answer

A) They lack the ability of social-informational role taking. 
B) They lack the theory-of-mind module. 
C) They have a shared-attention mechanism that is too highly focused. 
D) They are preoccupied with social referencing. 
A) They lack the ability of social-informational role taking. 
B) They lack the theory-of-mind module. 
C) They have a shared-attention mechanism that is too highly focused. 
D) They are preoccupied with social referencing.

Question 5

Piaget described the preoperational child as an egocentric, animistic thinker.He also believed the preoperational child to be incapable of conservation.Describe Piaget's basis for his conclusions and explain why current developmentalists believe preoperational children to be more cognitively capable than Piaget maintained.

Accepted Answer

Piaget concluded that children were egoc

Question 6

Which of Piaget's cognitive stages is most strongly dependent on level of education?

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operational 
B) formal operational 
C) preoperational 
D) postformal operational 
A) concrete operational 
B) formal operational 
C) preoperational 
D) postformal operational

Question 7

Bjorklund has conjectured that the average 3-year-old has more in common with a 21-year-old adult than with a 12-month-old infant.What aspect of Piagetian thought led him to make this statement?

Accepted Answer

A) delayed imitation 
B) conservation 
C) animistic thought 
D) symbolic thought 
A) delayed imitation 
B) conservation 
C) animistic thought 
D) symbolic thought

Question 8

Fourteen-year-old Trevor thought all he needed to do to earn an A was to show up for class and pay attention.In his first year of high school he got Cs in all his classes because he didn't study enough.The next year he studied almost every evening after school.What does the change in Trevor's understanding of what was necessary to succeed in school illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) assimilation 
B) object permanence 
C) accommodation 
D) centration 
A) assimilation 
B) object permanence 
C) accommodation 
D) centration

Question 9

Juan lifts the cover of a box to retrieve the toy his father has just placed there.According to Piaget, what inborn intellectual process allowed Juan to engage in visually directed reaching?

Accepted Answer

A) organization 
B) cooperation 
C) coordination 
D) habituation 
A) organization 
B) cooperation 
C) coordination 
D) habituation

Question 10

To which process does Adele Diamond attribute the A-not-B error?

Accepted Answer

A) lack of ability to inhibit previously made motor responses 
B) lack of memory of the object 
C) lack of object permanence 
D) lack of the ability to efficiently coordinate tertiary schemes 
A) lack of ability to inhibit previously made motor responses 
B) lack of memory of the object 
C) lack of object permanence 
D) lack of the ability to efficiently coordinate tertiary schemes

Question 11

What are children taught when they undergo identity training?

Accepted Answer

A) to remember more information about themselves so they will be more self-confident 
B) that the name of an item gives that item its identity and that an item can have different names 
C) memory skills so they can better remember the identity of objects after they have seen them 
D) that a transformed object or substance is the same regardless of its new appearance 
A) to remember more information about themselves so they will be more self-confident 
B) that the name of an item gives that item its identity and that an item can have different names 
C) memory skills so they can better remember the identity of objects after they have seen them 
D) that a transformed object or substance is the same regardless of its new appearance

Question 12

Rahim and his mother are making spaghetti.She shows him how much water to put into the pot, but then realizes that it is too full and so she gets a larger pot and helps Rahim to pour the water from one pot to the other.As Rahim is doing so, his mother carefully explains that they still have the same water but by using the larger pot, the water will not boil over the sides when the spaghetti is added.What form of training is his mother using?

Accepted Answer

A) identity 
B) reversibility 
C) causality 
D) transitivity 
A) identity 
B) reversibility 
C) causality 
D) transitivity

Question 13

According to Piaget, what is the hallmark of thinking during the preoperational stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A) object permanence 
B) refinement of logical analysis 
C) symbolic functions 
D) expansion of knowledge base 
A) object permanence 
B) refinement of logical analysis 
C) symbolic functions 
D) expansion of knowledge base

Question 14

Describe the three major acquisitions that mark the culmination of the sensorimotor period.What is common to all three acquisitions?

Accepted Answer

Three major acquisitions that herald the

Question 15

Which of the following abilities defines the term dual representation?

Accepted Answer

A) representing an object simultaneously as an object itself and as a representation of something else 
B) switching between precausal and transductive reasoning when problem solving 
C) representing objects in three-dimensional space that have previously been experienced in two-dimensional space 
D) using transductive reasoning to represent objects in three-dimensional space 
A) representing an object simultaneously as an object itself and as a representation of something else 
B) switching between precausal and transductive reasoning when problem solving 
C) representing objects in three-dimensional space that have previously been experienced in two-dimensional space 
D) using transductive reasoning to represent objects in three-dimensional space

Question 16

According to Piaget, when does the formal operational period of development occur?

Accepted Answer

A) from birth through to age 2 
B) from age 2 through to age 7 
C) from age 7 through to age 11 
D) from age 11 through adulthood 
A) from birth through to age 2 
B) from age 2 through to age 7 
C) from age 7 through to age 11 
D) from age 11 through adulthood

Question 17

What is one key difference between Vygotsky's and Piaget's views of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Vygotsky focused less on self-initiated discovery and more on the social contributions to cognitive growth. 
B) Vygotsky focused less on the social contributions to cognitive growth and more on self-initiated discovery. 
C) Vygotsky viewed the child as having a passive role in his or her own development, whereas Piaget viewed the child as having an active role in his or her own development. 
D) Vygotsky viewed the child as having an active role in his or her own development, whereas Piaget viewed the child as having a passive role in his or her own development. 
A) Vygotsky focused less on self-initiated discovery and more on the social contributions to cognitive growth. 
B) Vygotsky focused less on the social contributions to cognitive growth and more on self-initiated discovery. 
C) Vygotsky viewed the child as having a passive role in his or her own development, whereas Piaget viewed the child as having an active role in his or her own development. 
D) Vygotsky viewed the child as having an active role in his or her own development, whereas Piaget viewed the child as having a passive role in his or her own development.

Question 18

According to Piaget, which period of development occurs from the age of 11 through adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) formal operational 
D) concrete operational 
A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) formal operational 
D) concrete operational

Question 19

Which behaviour related to mental states emerges earliest in infancy?

Accepted Answer

A) self-recognition in mirrors 
B) repeating gestures by humans but not by objects 
C) talking about desires, feelings, or perceptions 
D) pointing to objects to redirect others' attention 
A) self-recognition in mirrors 
B) repeating gestures by humans but not by objects 
C) talking about desires, feelings, or perceptions 
D) pointing to objects to redirect others' attention

Question 20

What type of motions are involved in secondary circular reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) unique motions directed toward no specific target 
B) unique motions directed toward the infant's own body 
C) repetitive motions directed toward the infant's body 
D) repetitive motions directed toward external objects 
A) unique motions directed toward no specific target 
B) unique motions directed toward the infant's own body 
C) repetitive motions directed toward the infant's body 
D) repetitive motions directed toward external objects

According to Piaget, what characterizes concrete-operational thought?

Which Piagetian principle is a young child demonstrating when he or she understands that changing the shape of an object does not necessarily change its mass?

Which statement best characterizes an individual's understanding of beliefs and desires when he or she has acquired a theory of mind?

According to Baron-Cohen's research, what is the source of the difficulties that children with autistic disorder have with understanding others' thoughts?

Which of Piaget's cognitive stages is most strongly dependent on level of education?

Bjorklund has conjectured that the average 3-year-old has more in common with a 21-year-old adult than with a 12-month-old infant.What aspect of Piagetian thought led him to make this statement?

Juan lifts the cover of a box to retrieve the toy his father has just placed there.According to Piaget, what inborn intellectual process allowed Juan to engage in visually directed reaching?

To which process does Adele Diamond attribute the A-not-B error?

What are children taught when they undergo identity training?

According to Piaget, what is the hallmark of thinking during the preoperational stage of development?

Describe the three major acquisitions that mark the culmination of the sensorimotor period.What is common to all three acquisitions?

Which of the following abilities defines the term dual representation?

According to Piaget, when does the formal operational period of development occur?

What is one key difference between Vygotsky's and Piaget's views of cognitive development?

According to Piaget, which period of development occurs from the age of 11 through adulthood?

Which behaviour related to mental states emerges earliest in infancy?

What type of motions are involved in secondary circular reactions?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 8: Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

According to Piaget, what characterizes concrete-operational thought?

Which Piagetian principle is a young child demonstrating when he or she understands that changing the shape of an object does not necessarily change its mass?

Which statement best characterizes an individual's understanding of beliefs and desires when he or she has acquired a theory of mind?

According to Baron-Cohen's research, what is the source of the difficulties that children with autistic disorder have with understanding others' thoughts?

Which of Piaget's cognitive stages is most strongly dependent on level of education?

Bjorklund has conjectured that the average 3-year-old has more in common with a 21-year-old adult than with a 12-month-old infant.What aspect of Piagetian thought led him to make this statement?

Juan lifts the cover of a box to retrieve the toy his father has just placed there.According to Piaget, what inborn intellectual process allowed Juan to engage in visually directed reaching?

To which process does Adele Diamond attribute the A-not-B error?

What are children taught when they undergo identity training?

According to Piaget, what is the hallmark of thinking during the preoperational stage of development?

Describe the three major acquisitions that mark the culmination of the sensorimotor period.What is common to all three acquisitions?

Which of the following abilities defines the term dual representation?

According to Piaget, when does the formal operational period of development occur?

What is one key difference between Vygotsky's and Piaget's views of cognitive development?

According to Piaget, which period of development occurs from the age of 11 through adulthood?

Which behaviour related to mental states emerges earliest in infancy?

What type of motions are involved in secondary circular reactions?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters