Question 1

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

A) Germ cells are especially sensitive to the process of methylation. 
B) Epigenetic modifications affect gene expression but have no effect on DNA. 
C) Genes and environment interact but are independent of methylation. 
D) Epigenetic effects are only observed under extraordinary circumstances. 
A) Germ cells are especially sensitive to the process of methylation. 
B) Epigenetic modifications affect gene expression but have no effect on DNA. 
C) Genes and environment interact but are independent of methylation. 
D) Epigenetic effects are only observed under extraordinary circumstances. B

Question 2

List three examples of defects that are attributable to a single pair of genes rather than to chromosomal abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Axel produces a protein that causes mucus to obstruct his lungs and digestive tract.What disease does Axel have?

Accepted Answer

A) Tay-Sachs disease 
B) cystic fibrosis 
C) muscular dystrophy 
D) hemophilia 
A) Tay-Sachs disease 
B) cystic fibrosis 
C) muscular dystrophy 
D) hemophilia B

Question 4

What does the epigenetic process of methylation usually do?

Accepted Answer

A) turns genes on, enhancing expression of associated traits and characteristics 
B) removes carbon and hydrogen from regulatory regions of the DNA 
C) turns genes off, obstructing their expression 
D) plays no role in gene-environment interactions 
A) turns genes on, enhancing expression of associated traits and characteristics 
B) removes carbon and hydrogen from regulatory regions of the DNA 
C) turns genes off, obstructing their expression 
D) plays no role in gene-environment interactions

Question 5

When does cellular mitosis end?

Accepted Answer

A) at conception 
B) at birth 
C) at adolescence 
D) at death 
A) at conception 
B) at birth 
C) at adolescence 
D) at death

Question 6

A genetically introverted child might seek out situations that do not involve interactions with other people.This choice of environments will in turn influence the child's personality development.What would Scarr and McCartney call this interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) a passive genotype/environment interaction 
B) an evocative genotype/environment interaction 
C) an active genotype/environment interaction 
D) a canalization/reaction range interaction 
A) a passive genotype/environment interaction 
B) an evocative genotype/environment interaction 
C) an active genotype/environment interaction 
D) a canalization/reaction range interaction

Question 7

Suppose that a trait results from a recessive gene on the X chromosome.Which of the following best describes how this trait will be expressed?

Accepted Answer

A) only in males, but may be carried by females 
B) more often in females, but also in males who are homozygous 
C) more often in males, but also in females who are homozygous 
D) only in females, but will be carried in males 
A) only in males, but may be carried by females 
B) more often in females, but also in males who are homozygous 
C) more often in males, but also in females who are homozygous 
D) only in females, but will be carried in males

Question 8

There are four chromosome disorders that result from an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.Identify each of these disorders, and describe both the physical phenotype and the intellectual characteristics typically associated with each disorder.

Accepted Answer

The four chromosome disorders that resul

Question 9

Discuss the general conclusions behavioural geneticists have reached concerning the role of heredity in intellectual performance, personality, and mental illness.

Accepted Answer

Behavioural geneticists have reached sev

Question 10

What is germline gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a therapy involving insertion of normal genes into patient's body tissues. 
B) It is an invasive procedure involving prenatal surgery. 
C) It is a highly controversial treatment wherein a section of DNA is transferred to cells to produce gametes. 
D) It is a treatment involving changes in diet to target epigenetic changes in gene expression. 
A) It is a therapy involving insertion of normal genes into patient's body tissues. 
B) It is an invasive procedure involving prenatal surgery. 
C) It is a highly controversial treatment wherein a section of DNA is transferred to cells to produce gametes. 
D) It is a treatment involving changes in diet to target epigenetic changes in gene expression.

Question 11

Mila and Ella are monozygotic twins who are 4 years old.Mila and Ella's parents always make a special effort to ensure the two girls are dressed differently and receive different presents on their birthday.According to Rowe and Plomin, the behaviour of their parents would be considered as examples of which type of influence?

Accepted Answer

A) shared hereditary influence 
B) nonshared environmental influence 
C) shared environmental influence 
D) nonshared hereditary influence 
A) shared hereditary influence 
B) nonshared environmental influence 
C) shared environmental influence 
D) nonshared hereditary influence

Question 12

Harlan, who has fathered seven daughters, marries Sabah, who is the mother of four sons.If Sabah conceives a child with Harlan what is the probability that the child will be a boy?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 percent 
B) 25 percent 
C) 50 percent 
D) 75 percent 
A) 10 percent 
B) 25 percent 
C) 50 percent 
D) 75 percent

Question 13

According to the text, what is the cause of Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) the action of a dominant gene contributed by the mother 
B) the presence of extra sex chromosomes 
C) the presence of an extra 21st chromosome 
D) the action of a dominant gene contributed by the father 
A) the action of a dominant gene contributed by the mother 
B) the presence of extra sex chromosomes 
C) the presence of an extra 21st chromosome 
D) the action of a dominant gene contributed by the father

Question 14

If monozygotic twins reared together are more alike on a characteristic than monozygotic twins reared apart, what can you infer regarding the relative roles of heredity and environment in determining that characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A) Heredity plays a role. 
B) Environment plays a role. 
C) Heredity plays no role. 
D) Environment plays no role. 
A) Heredity plays a role. 
B) Environment plays a role. 
C) Heredity plays no role. 
D) Environment plays no role.

Question 15

Scarr and McCartney propose that the attributes that an individual inherits will affect the behaviour of other people toward that individual.What did they call this type of influence?

Accepted Answer

A) passive 
B) evocative 
C) active 
D) cooperative 
A) passive 
B) evocative 
C) active 
D) cooperative

Question 16

Explain what is meant by the term canalization, and provide examples of genetic canalization and environmental canalization in human development.

Accepted Answer

Canalization refers to the ability of an

Question 17

Kyrin has several close relatives who are alcoholics, who are clinically depressed, or who suffer from schizophrenia.Kyrin has decided to have a vasectomy so that he will never father any children.He explains that his children would surely have a mental illness.Is Kyrin right?

Accepted Answer

A) He is wrong, because none of these disorders show any degree of heritability. 
B) He is overreacting, because the odds are low that his children will have a disorder. 
C) He is correct, because the chances are extremely high that his children will develop one or more disorders. 
D) He is overreacting, because if he doesn't have any of these disorders, his children would have no risk of developing them either. 
A) He is wrong, because none of these disorders show any degree of heritability. 
B) He is overreacting, because the odds are low that his children will have a disorder. 
C) He is correct, because the chances are extremely high that his children will develop one or more disorders. 
D) He is overreacting, because if he doesn't have any of these disorders, his children would have no risk of developing them either.

Question 18

Phenotype is the expression of genotype, and this is determined according to the basic patterns of dominance and codominance.Define each pattern and give an example trait for each.

Accepted Answer

Simple dominance applies to a variety of

Question 19

What do the cells that mitosis produces contain?

Accepted Answer

A) half the genetic material as the original cell 
B) 23 chromatid pairs 
C) the same genetic material as the original cell 
D) differentiated genetic material 
A) half the genetic material as the original cell 
B) 23 chromatid pairs 
C) the same genetic material as the original cell 
D) differentiated genetic material

Question 20

What determines the sex of an embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) the genetic contribution from the father 
B) the genetic contribution from the mother 
C) the genetic contribution from the parent who contributes the dominant gene on chromosome 23 
D) the genetic contribution from the parent who contributes the recessive gene on chromosome 23 
A) the genetic contribution from the father 
B) the genetic contribution from the mother 
C) the genetic contribution from the parent who contributes the dominant gene on chromosome 23 
D) the genetic contribution from the parent who contributes the recessive gene on chromosome 23

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding epigenetics?

List three examples of defects that are attributable to a single pair of genes rather than to chromosomal abnormalities.

Axel produces a protein that causes mucus to obstruct his lungs and digestive tract.What disease does Axel have?

What does the epigenetic process of methylation usually do?

When does cellular mitosis end?

A genetically introverted child might seek out situations that do not involve interactions with other people.This choice of environments will in turn influence the child's personality development.What would Scarr and McCartney call this interaction?

Suppose that a trait results from a recessive gene on the X chromosome.Which of the following best describes how this trait will be expressed?

There are four chromosome disorders that result from an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.Identify each of these disorders, and describe both the physical phenotype and the intellectual characteristics typically associated with each disorder.

Discuss the general conclusions behavioural geneticists have reached concerning the role of heredity in intellectual performance, personality, and mental illness.

What is germline gene therapy?

Harlan, who has fathered seven daughters, marries Sabah, who is the mother of four sons.If Sabah conceives a child with Harlan what is the probability that the child will be a boy?

According to the text, what is the cause of Down syndrome?

If monozygotic twins reared together are more alike on a characteristic than monozygotic twins reared apart, what can you infer regarding the relative roles of heredity and environment in determining that characteristic?

Scarr and McCartney propose that the attributes that an individual inherits will affect the behaviour of other people toward that individual.What did they call this type of influence?

Explain what is meant by the term canalization, and provide examples of genetic canalization and environmental canalization in human development.

Kyrin has several close relatives who are alcoholics, who are clinically depressed, or who suffer from schizophrenia.Kyrin has decided to have a vasectomy so that he will never father any children.He explains that his children would surely have a mental illness.Is Kyrin right?

Phenotype is the expression of genotype, and this is determined according to the basic patterns of dominance and codominance.Define each pattern and give an example trait for each.

What do the cells that mitosis produces contain?

What determines the sex of an embryo?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 3: Hereditary Influences on Development

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding epigenetics?

List three examples of defects that are attributable to a single pair of genes rather than to chromosomal abnormalities.

Axel produces a protein that causes mucus to obstruct his lungs and digestive tract.What disease does Axel have?

What does the epigenetic process of methylation usually do?

When does cellular mitosis end?

A genetically introverted child might seek out situations that do not involve interactions with other people.This choice of environments will in turn influence the child's personality development.What would Scarr and McCartney call this interaction?

Suppose that a trait results from a recessive gene on the X chromosome.Which of the following best describes how this trait will be expressed?

There are four chromosome disorders that result from an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.Identify each of these disorders, and describe both the physical phenotype and the intellectual characteristics typically associated with each disorder.

Discuss the general conclusions behavioural geneticists have reached concerning the role of heredity in intellectual performance, personality, and mental illness.

What is germline gene therapy?

Harlan, who has fathered seven daughters, marries Sabah, who is the mother of four sons.If Sabah conceives a child with Harlan what is the probability that the child will be a boy?

According to the text, what is the cause of Down syndrome?

If monozygotic twins reared together are more alike on a characteristic than monozygotic twins reared apart, what can you infer regarding the relative roles of heredity and environment in determining that characteristic?

Scarr and McCartney propose that the attributes that an individual inherits will affect the behaviour of other people toward that individual.What did they call this type of influence?

Explain what is meant by the term canalization, and provide examples of genetic canalization and environmental canalization in human development.

Kyrin has several close relatives who are alcoholics, who are clinically depressed, or who suffer from schizophrenia.Kyrin has decided to have a vasectomy so that he will never father any children.He explains that his children would surely have a mental illness.Is Kyrin right?

Phenotype is the expression of genotype, and this is determined according to the basic patterns of dominance and codominance.Define each pattern and give an example trait for each.

What do the cells that mitosis produces contain?

What determines the sex of an embryo?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters