Question 1

Which of the following is a major issue to be settled in establishing a baseline

Accepted Answer

A) What to measure for a baseline. 
B) How to measure the variable for the baseline. 
C) What intervention should be used. 
D) What to measure for a baseline, and how to measure the variable for the baseline. 
A) What to measure for a baseline. 
B) How to measure the variable for the baseline. 
C) What intervention should be used. 
D) What to measure for a baseline, and how to measure the variable for the baseline.

Question 2

The application of the clinical research model is often impractical because:

Accepted Answer

A) clients are reluctant to participate in research. 
B) it is difficult to integrate single-system designs into practice settings. 
C) the most rigorous single-system designs are difficult to apply because of irreversible treatments. 
D) baseline measurements are very difficult to obtain. 
A) clients are reluctant to participate in research. 
B) it is difficult to integrate single-system designs into practice settings. 
C) the most rigorous single-system designs are difficult to apply because of irreversible treatments. 
D) baseline measurements are very difficult to obtain.

Question 3

Proximate goals in clinical research are:

Accepted Answer

A) the final goals to be achieved through treatment and for which evidence is sought in short term goals. 
B) personal goals of the clinician. 
C) personal goals of the client. 
D) intermediate goals whose achievement is evidence of progress toward long term treatment goals. 
A) the final goals to be achieved through treatment and for which evidence is sought in short term goals. 
B) personal goals of the clinician. 
C) personal goals of the client. 
D) intermediate goals whose achievement is evidence of progress toward long term treatment goals.

Question 4

The major distinguishing characteristic of the changing criterion design is:

Accepted Answer

A) the client is led to achieve the final treatment goal in stages by achieving a series of subgoals. 
B) that it ends in a nontreatment phase. 
C) that it can accommodate several treatments either serially or in combination. 
D) that it is very flexible and can be applied to virtually any client problem. 
A) the client is led to achieve the final treatment goal in stages by achieving a series of subgoals. 
B) that it ends in a nontreatment phase. 
C) that it can accommodate several treatments either serially or in combination. 
D) that it is very flexible and can be applied to virtually any client problem.

Question 5

Why are case histories inferior to single-system designs as a source of clinical knowledge

Accepted Answer

A) Case histories exhibit only to a limited degree the characteristics that distinguish science from other sources of knowledge. 
B) Case histories are generally only prepared on cases of success, not failures. 
C) Case histories often fail to report valid and reliable data to support conclusions. 
D) All of the answers represent reasons why case histories are inferior. 
A) Case histories exhibit only to a limited degree the characteristics that distinguish science from other sources of knowledge. 
B) Case histories are generally only prepared on cases of success, not failures. 
C) Case histories often fail to report valid and reliable data to support conclusions. 
D) All of the answers represent reasons why case histories are inferior.

Question 6

How do goals under the clinical-research model differ from goals that might be established under traditional practice

Accepted Answer

A) Only clinical-research goals deal with long-term outcomes. 
B) Clinical-research goals cannot be operationalized. 
C) Clinical-research goals are more specific and precisely defined than goals in traditional practice. 
D) Goals under the clinical-research model represent a radical departure from traditional practice. 
A) Only clinical-research goals deal with long-term outcomes. 
B) Clinical-research goals cannot be operationalized. 
C) Clinical-research goals are more specific and precisely defined than goals in traditional practice. 
D) Goals under the clinical-research model represent a radical departure from traditional practice.

Question 7

Identify, explain, and evaluate the four ways available for measuring baseline data.

Accepted Answer

The four ways available for measuring ba

Question 8

In general, clinician-researchers should choose the single-system design that:

Accepted Answer

A) has the most baseline measures. 
B) is the most valid design. 
C) has the fewest baseline measures. 
D) requires no baseline measures. 
A) has the most baseline measures. 
B) is the most valid design. 
C) has the fewest baseline measures. 
D) requires no baseline measures.

Question 9

In terms of assessing treatment effects, the most desirable type of baseline for a single-system design is:

Accepted Answer

A) a rising trend. 
B) a stable one. 
C) a descending trend. 
D) an unstable one. 
A) a rising trend. 
B) a stable one. 
C) a descending trend. 
D) an unstable one.

Question 10

The first few letters of the alphabet are used to identify the various single-system designs. What does the letter B always symbolize

Accepted Answer

A) the period before the client contacts the clinician 
B) a treatment phase 
C) a nontreatment phase 
D) a nonmeasurement phase 
A) the period before the client contacts the clinician 
B) a treatment phase 
C) a nontreatment phase 
D) a nonmeasurement phase

Question 11

In clinical research, the baseline phase is:

Accepted Answer

A) a series of measurements of the client's condition during the time treatment is in progress. 
B) a series of measurements of the client's condition prior to the beginning of treatment. 
C) a series of measurements of the client's condition after treatment has ended. 
D) a series of measurements of the client's condition a year or more after an apparently successful treatment to assess long term effects. 
A) a series of measurements of the client's condition during the time treatment is in progress. 
B) a series of measurements of the client's condition prior to the beginning of treatment. 
C) a series of measurements of the client's condition after treatment has ended. 
D) a series of measurements of the client's condition a year or more after an apparently successful treatment to assess long term effects.

Question 12

In single-system research, a treatment that leads clients to fully achieve the goals that have been set for them is called:

Accepted Answer

A) therapeutically effective. 
B) experimentally effective. 
C) statistically effective. 
D) substantively effective. 
A) therapeutically effective. 
B) experimentally effective. 
C) statistically effective. 
D) substantively effective.

Question 13

What is a changing criterion design in single-system research, and what are the requirements for its use

Accepted Answer

A changing criterion design in single-sy

Question 14

Identify and distinguish between the three different criteria that can be used in assessing whether a treatment has been effective in a single-system design study.

Accepted Answer

The three different criteria that can be

Question 15

Low cost and unobtrusiveness are reasons for considering this approach to data collection in single-system designs.

Accepted Answer

A) observation 
B) paper and pencil measures 
C) client self reports 
D) existing records 
A) observation 
B) paper and pencil measures 
C) client self reports 
D) existing records

Question 16

Which of the following exemplifies reversal designs

Accepted Answer

A) ABBB 
B) ABA 
C) ABAB 
D) Both ABA and ABAB are reversal designs 
A) ABBB 
B) ABA 
C) ABAB 
D) Both ABA and ABAB are reversal designs

Question 17

When single-system designs and their replications are conducted, which of the following practices is considered crucial

Accepted Answer

A) Substantial information about client characteristics and background should be collected. 
B) Treatments should be kept uniform across cases. 
C) Standardized tests rather than observation should be used. 
D) Substantial information about client characteristics and background should be collected, and treatments should be kept uniform across cases. 
A) Substantial information about client characteristics and background should be collected. 
B) Treatments should be kept uniform across cases. 
C) Standardized tests rather than observation should be used. 
D) Substantial information about client characteristics and background should be collected, and treatments should be kept uniform across cases.

Question 18

Which term is synonymous with "clinical research model"

Accepted Answer

A) empirical practice model 
B) qualitative evaluation model 
C) practice-intervention model 
D) case history model 
A) empirical practice model 
B) qualitative evaluation model 
C) practice-intervention model 
D) case history model

Question 19

The generalizability of single-system experiments is:

Accepted Answer

A) nonexistent. 
B) very high if the treatment effects are strong. 
C) only proved through successful replication. 
D) not an issue. 
A) nonexistent. 
B) very high if the treatment effects are strong. 
C) only proved through successful replication. 
D) not an issue.

Question 20

A fundamental force behind the development of single-system designs is:

Accepted Answer

A) researchers are looking for a more generalizable model than experiments. 
B) human service professionals want to know how a client is responding to an intervention 
C) service providers are facing expectations to publish in journals 
D) survey research is too expensive. 
A) researchers are looking for a more generalizable model than experiments. 
B) human service professionals want to know how a client is responding to an intervention 
C) service providers are facing expectations to publish in journals 
D) survey research is too expensive.

Which of the following is a major issue to be settled in establishing a baseline

The application of the clinical research model is often impractical because:

Proximate goals in clinical research are:

The major distinguishing characteristic of the changing criterion design is:

Why are case histories inferior to single-system designs as a source of clinical knowledge

How do goals under the clinical-research model differ from goals that might be established under traditional practice

Identify, explain, and evaluate the four ways available for measuring baseline data.

In general, clinician-researchers should choose the single-system design that:

In terms of assessing treatment effects, the most desirable type of baseline for a single-system design is:

The first few letters of the alphabet are used to identify the various single-system designs. What does the letter B always symbolize

In clinical research, the baseline phase is:

In single-system research, a treatment that leads clients to fully achieve the goals that have been set for them is called:

What is a changing criterion design in single-system research, and what are the requirements for its use

Identify and distinguish between the three different criteria that can be used in assessing whether a treatment has been effective in a single-system design study.

Low cost and unobtrusiveness are reasons for considering this approach to data collection in single-system designs.

Which of the following exemplifies reversal designs

When single-system designs and their replications are conducted, which of the following practices is considered crucial

Which term is synonymous with "clinical research model"

The generalizability of single-system experiments is:

A fundamental force behind the development of single-system designs is:

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters

Exam 11: Single-System Designs

Which of the following is a major issue to be settled in establishing a baseline

The application of the clinical research model is often impractical because:

Proximate goals in clinical research are:

The major distinguishing characteristic of the changing criterion design is:

Why are case histories inferior to single-system designs as a source of clinical knowledge

How do goals under the clinical-research model differ from goals that might be established under traditional practice

Identify, explain, and evaluate the four ways available for measuring baseline data.

In general, clinician-researchers should choose the single-system design that:

In terms of assessing treatment effects, the most desirable type of baseline for a single-system design is:

The first few letters of the alphabet are used to identify the various single-system designs. What does the letter B always symbolize

In clinical research, the baseline phase is:

In single-system research, a treatment that leads clients to fully achieve the goals that have been set for them is called:

What is a changing criterion design in single-system research, and what are the requirements for its use

Identify and distinguish between the three different criteria that can be used in assessing whether a treatment has been effective in a single-system design study.

Low cost and unobtrusiveness are reasons for considering this approach to data collection in single-system designs.

Which of the following exemplifies reversal designs

When single-system designs and their replications are conducted, which of the following practices is considered crucial

Which term is synonymous with "clinical research model"

The generalizability of single-system experiments is:

A fundamental force behind the development of single-system designs is:

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters