Question 1

Why is there a need to classify problems based on the skills needed to solve them? Give specific examples.

Accepted Answer

Classifying problems based on the skills needed to solve them is important for several reasons. Firstly, it helps individuals and organizations allocate resources more effectively. By understanding the specific skills required for different types of problems, they can ensure that they have the right people with the right expertise working on each problem. For example, a company facing a technical issue with their software would need to assign the problem to employees with programming and IT skills, rather than those with marketing or finance expertise.

Secondly, classifying problems based on skills helps in identifying areas for skill development and training. By understanding the types of problems that commonly arise and the skills needed to solve them, individuals and organizations can prioritize training and development efforts to ensure that they have the necessary expertise in-house. For instance, a healthcare organization may realize that they frequently encounter problems related to data analysis, prompting them to invest in training their staff in statistical analysis and data interpretation.

Additionally, classifying problems based on skills can also help in setting realistic expectations and timelines for problem-solving. By understanding the complexity and skill requirements of a problem, individuals and organizations can better estimate the time and resources needed to address it. For example, a construction company facing a structural engineering problem would recognize that it requires specialized expertise and may take longer to resolve compared to a simpler issue.

In conclusion, classifying problems based on the skills needed to solve them is essential for effective resource allocation, skill development, and realistic problem-solving expectations. It allows individuals and organizations to approach problems strategically and ensure that they have the right people with the right skills working on each issue.

Question 2

Which problems differ from others in providing the goal state, rather than requiring solvers to produce it?

Accepted Answer

A) arrangement problems 
B) anagram problems 
C) inducing structure problems 
D) transformation problems 
A) arrangement problems 
B) anagram problems 
C) inducing structure problems 
D) transformation problems D

Question 3

For which pair of problems is it possible to use analogy?

Accepted Answer

A) attack-dispersion and missionary-cannibal problems 
B) missionary-cannibal and radiation problems 
C) radiation and string problems 
D) attack-dispersion and radiation problems 
A) attack-dispersion and missionary-cannibal problems 
B) missionary-cannibal and radiation problems 
C) radiation and string problems 
D) attack-dispersion and radiation problems D

Question 4

The problem space is the location in which the subject is situated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Insight is the ability to think deeply about a problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What are heuristics? Describe how they can be used.

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are mental shortcuts or rules

Question 7

Strategies such as using means/end analysis, forming subgoals, and using analogy are called

Accepted Answer

A) domain-specific strategies. 
B) algorithms. 
C) heuristics. 
D) comprehension strategies. 
A) domain-specific strategies. 
B) algorithms. 
C) heuristics. 
D) comprehension strategies.

Question 8

Do you agree more with the concept that we have a general problem-solving skill or with the concept that we have multiple problem-solving skills? Why did you select this position?

Accepted Answer

I believe that we have multiple problem-

Question 9

Functional fixedness is when you only see the typical use for an object.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which is not a general strategy for searching for a solution?

Accepted Answer

A) means/end analysis 
B) insight 
C) analogy 
D) subgoals 
A) means/end analysis 
B) insight 
C) analogy 
D) subgoals

Question 11

According to Greeno's classification, which of the following is an example of a transformation problem?

Accepted Answer

A) missionaries and cannibals 
B) verbal analogies 
C) anagrams 
D) series completion 
A) missionaries and cannibals 
B) verbal analogies 
C) anagrams 
D) series completion

Question 12

Insight

Accepted Answer

A) is a form of discovery. 
B) usually occurs after repeated unsuccessful solutions. 
C) occurs suddenly. 
D) All of these 
A) is a form of discovery. 
B) usually occurs after repeated unsuccessful solutions. 
C) occurs suddenly. 
D) All of these

Question 13

Moving matchsticks to form true arithmetic statements illustrates that successful solutions require overcoming

Accepted Answer

A) limited capacity STM. 
B) functional fixedness. 
C) self-imposed constraints. 
D) All these 
A) limited capacity STM. 
B) functional fixedness. 
C) self-imposed constraints. 
D) All these

Question 14

Anagrams are an example of an arrangement problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which strategy uses a table-of-connections?

Accepted Answer

A) analogy 
B) working backwards 
C) forming subgoals 
D) means/end analysis 
A) analogy 
B) working backwards 
C) forming subgoals 
D) means/end analysis

Question 16

Forming subgoals is a useful heuristic because it

Accepted Answer

A) reduces the size of the search space. 
B) guarantees a successful solution. 
C) encourages insight. 
D) helps overcome functional fixedness. 
A) reduces the size of the search space. 
B) guarantees a successful solution. 
C) encourages insight. 
D) helps overcome functional fixedness.

Question 17

What is a search space?

Accepted Answer

A) a list of all the different ways the subject can obtain solution-relevant information 
B) a representation of all legal states the problem can assume and the moves that lead to the solution 
C) an aspect of the task that is left blank because its analysis is problematic 
D) the set of all the elements that make a thing, plus the relations among those elements 
A) a list of all the different ways the subject can obtain solution-relevant information 
B) a representation of all legal states the problem can assume and the moves that lead to the solution 
C) an aspect of the task that is left blank because its analysis is problematic 
D) the set of all the elements that make a thing, plus the relations among those elements

Question 18

An example of an inducing-structure problem is the candle problem discussed in the text.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Sternberg discovered individual differences for inducing structure problems by finding high correlations in performance between which pair of problems?

Accepted Answer

A) analogy and anagrams 
B) series completion and analogy 
C) series completion and anagrams 
D) matchsticks and anagrams 
A) analogy and anagrams 
B) series completion and analogy 
C) series completion and anagrams 
D) matchsticks and anagrams

Question 20

Which techniques played an important role in Newell and Simon's work?

Accepted Answer

A) verbal protocols and reaction times 
B) verbal protocols and computer simulation 
C) reaction times and computer simulation 
D) reaction times and physiological measurements 
A) verbal protocols and reaction times 
B) verbal protocols and computer simulation 
C) reaction times and computer simulation 
D) reaction times and physiological measurements

Why is there a need to classify problems based on the skills needed to solve them? Give specific examples.

Which problems differ from others in providing the goal state, rather than requiring solvers to produce it?

For which pair of problems is it possible to use analogy?

The problem space is the location in which the subject is situated.

Insight is the ability to think deeply about a problem.

What are heuristics? Describe how they can be used.

Strategies such as using means/end analysis, forming subgoals, and using analogy are called

Do you agree more with the concept that we have a general problem-solving skill or with the concept that we have multiple problem-solving skills? Why did you select this position?

Functional fixedness is when you only see the typical use for an object.

Which is not a general strategy for searching for a solution?

According to Greeno's classification, which of the following is an example of a transformation problem?

Insight

Moving matchsticks to form true arithmetic statements illustrates that successful solutions require overcoming

Anagrams are an example of an arrangement problem.

Which strategy uses a table-of-connections?

Forming subgoals is a useful heuristic because it

What is a search space?

An example of an inducing-structure problem is the candle problem discussed in the text.

Sternberg discovered individual differences for inducing structure problems by finding high correlations in performance between which pair of problems?

Which techniques played an important role in Newell and Simon's work?

Introduction

Pattern Recognition

Attention

Short-Term Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Codes

Visual Images

Categorization

Semantic Organization

Language

Comprehension and Memory for Text

Expertise and Creativity

Decision Making

Filters

Exam 12: Problem Solving

Why is there a need to classify problems based on the skills needed to solve them? Give specific examples.

Which problems differ from others in providing the goal state, rather than requiring solvers to produce it?

For which pair of problems is it possible to use analogy?

The problem space is the location in which the subject is situated.

Insight is the ability to think deeply about a problem.

What are heuristics? Describe how they can be used.

Strategies such as using means/end analysis, forming subgoals, and using analogy are called

Do you agree more with the concept that we have a general problem-solving skill or with the concept that we have multiple problem-solving skills? Why did you select this position?

Functional fixedness is when you only see the typical use for an object.

Which is not a general strategy for searching for a solution?

According to Greeno's classification, which of the following is an example of a transformation problem?

Insight

Moving matchsticks to form true arithmetic statements illustrates that successful solutions require overcoming

Anagrams are an example of an arrangement problem.

Which strategy uses a table-of-connections?

Forming subgoals is a useful heuristic because it

What is a search space?

An example of an inducing-structure problem is the candle problem discussed in the text.

Sternberg discovered individual differences for inducing structure problems by finding high correlations in performance between which pair of problems?

Which techniques played an important role in Newell and Simon's work?

Introduction

Pattern Recognition

Attention

Short-Term Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Codes

Visual Images

Categorization

Semantic Organization

Language

Comprehension and Memory for Text

Expertise and Creativity

Decision Making

Filters