Question 1

Which of the following information processing characteristic was not mentioned in Newell and Simon's theory of problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A) capacity of the sensory store 
B) capacity of STM 
C) storage time into LTM 
D) retrieval time from LTM 
A) capacity of the sensory store 
B) capacity of STM 
C) storage time into LTM 
D) retrieval time from LTM

Question 2

According to Newell and Simon, which of the following characteristics is important for problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A) Capacity 
B) Storage time 
C) Retrieval time 
D) All these 
A) Capacity 
B) Storage time 
C) Retrieval time 
D) All these

Question 3

Transfer of general methods, rather than specific solutions, is called

Accepted Answer

A) analogical transfer. 
B) general transfer. 
C) procedural transfer. 
D) representational transfer. 
A) analogical transfer. 
B) general transfer. 
C) procedural transfer. 
D) representational transfer.

Question 4

Which representation should you select if you want to represent information in a problem by a single pathway between nodes?

Accepted Answer

A) networks 
B) matrices 
C) Venn diagrams 
D) hierarchies 
A) networks 
B) matrices 
C) Venn diagrams 
D) hierarchies

Question 5

What does the table of connections in the General Problem Solver connect?

Accepted Answer

A) differences between problem states with operators 
B) analogous solutions with problems 
C) algorithms with problems 
D) military tactics with battles 
A) differences between problem states with operators 
B) analogous solutions with problems 
C) algorithms with problems 
D) military tactics with battles

Question 6

The most important contribution of computers for simulating human behavior is

Accepted Answer

A) their ability to perform computations too complex for humans. 
B) their ability to compute at nearly the speed of light. 
C) that they require psychologists to formulate detailed theories. 
D) that they require psychologists to learn how to program. 
A) their ability to perform computations too complex for humans. 
B) their ability to compute at nearly the speed of light. 
C) that they require psychologists to formulate detailed theories. 
D) that they require psychologists to learn how to program.

Question 7

A heuristic is a

Accepted Answer

A) step-by-step sequence of actions that guarantees success. 
B) step-by-step sequence of actions that is often helpful. 
C) general strategy that guarantees success. 
D) general strategy that is often helpful. 
A) step-by-step sequence of actions that guarantees success. 
B) step-by-step sequence of actions that is often helpful. 
C) general strategy that guarantees success. 
D) general strategy that is often helpful.

Question 8

Means/end analysis involves

Accepted Answer

A) a gradual approximation to the final solution. 
B) a sudden acquisition of the solution following random moves. 
C) a failure to obtain the solution. 
D) a sudden acquisition of the solution on the first move. 
A) a gradual approximation to the final solution. 
B) a sudden acquisition of the solution following random moves. 
C) a failure to obtain the solution. 
D) a sudden acquisition of the solution on the first move.

Question 9

Which of the following problems is correctly classified according to Greeno's system?

Accepted Answer

A) anagrams - inducing structure 
B) series completion - inducing structure 
C) water jar - arrangement 
D) analogy - arrangement 
A) anagrams - inducing structure 
B) series completion - inducing structure 
C) water jar - arrangement 
D) analogy - arrangement

Question 10

Explain the difference between a spatial version and a temporal version of a problem isomorph. Which one would best help you solve problems? Why?

Accepted Answer

A spatial version of a problem isomorph

Question 11

Which is not a type of problem according to Greeno's (1978) taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

A) arrangement 
B) inducing structure 
C) insight 
D) transformation 
A) arrangement 
B) inducing structure 
C) insight 
D) transformation

Question 12

In what ways were the problems discussed in this chapter similar to those you would encounter in the real world? In what ways were they different?

Accepted Answer

The problems discussed in this chapter w

Question 13

What kind of problems did Gestalt psychologists primarily study?

Accepted Answer

A) inducing structure 
B) arrangement 
C) transformation 
D) analogies 
A) inducing structure 
B) arrangement 
C) transformation 
D) analogies

Question 14

In Gick and Holyoak's (1980) study, people were more likely to solve the radiation problem by analogy

Accepted Answer

A) if they read and compared at least two examples of analogous problems. 
B) if they read an analogous problem that included the hint that the solution might help for other problems. 
C) if they created a convergence schema. 
D) All these 
A) if they read and compared at least two examples of analogous problems. 
B) if they read an analogous problem that included the hint that the solution might help for other problems. 
C) if they created a convergence schema. 
D) All these

Question 15

Metcalfe found that subjects' ratings revealed that they thought they were not making progress until the very end when solving

Accepted Answer

A) arrangement problems. 
B) inducing structure problems. 
C) transformation problems. 
D) analogies. 
A) arrangement problems. 
B) inducing structure problems. 
C) transformation problems. 
D) analogies.

Question 16

Heuristics are strategies for solving problems that always yield the best results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In what ways are solving problems by analogy and solving problems by representational transfer similar?

Accepted Answer

Solving problems by analogy and solving

Question 18

According to Greeno's classification, which of the following is an example of an inducing structure problem?

Accepted Answer

A) missionaries and cannibals 
B) water jar problem 
C) anagrams 
D) series completion 
A) missionaries and cannibals 
B) water jar problem 
C) anagrams 
D) series completion

Question 19

Knowledge of subgoals is valuable in problem-solving because it reduces the size of the search space.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Means-end analysis works by eliminating differences between the initial and goal state.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following information processing characteristic was not mentioned in Newell and Simon's theory of problem solving?

According to Newell and Simon, which of the following characteristics is important for problem solving?

Transfer of general methods, rather than specific solutions, is called

Which representation should you select if you want to represent information in a problem by a single pathway between nodes?

What does the table of connections in the General Problem Solver connect?

The most important contribution of computers for simulating human behavior is

A heuristic is a

Means/end analysis involves

Which of the following problems is correctly classified according to Greeno's system?

Explain the difference between a spatial version and a temporal version of a problem isomorph. Which one would best help you solve problems? Why?

Which is not a type of problem according to Greeno's (1978) taxonomy?

In what ways were the problems discussed in this chapter similar to those you would encounter in the real world? In what ways were they different?

What kind of problems did Gestalt psychologists primarily study?

In Gick and Holyoak's (1980) study, people were more likely to solve the radiation problem by analogy

Metcalfe found that subjects' ratings revealed that they thought they were not making progress until the very end when solving

Heuristics are strategies for solving problems that always yield the best results.

In what ways are solving problems by analogy and solving problems by representational transfer similar?

According to Greeno's classification, which of the following is an example of an inducing structure problem?

Knowledge of subgoals is valuable in problem-solving because it reduces the size of the search space.

Means-end analysis works by eliminating differences between the initial and goal state.

Introduction

Pattern Recognition

Attention

Short-Term Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Codes

Visual Images

Categorization

Semantic Organization

Language

Comprehension and Memory for Text

Expertise and Creativity

Decision Making

Filters

Exam 12: Problem Solving

Which of the following information processing characteristic was not mentioned in Newell and Simon's theory of problem solving?

According to Newell and Simon, which of the following characteristics is important for problem solving?

Transfer of general methods, rather than specific solutions, is called

Which representation should you select if you want to represent information in a problem by a single pathway between nodes?

What does the table of connections in the General Problem Solver connect?

The most important contribution of computers for simulating human behavior is

A heuristic is a

Means/end analysis involves

Which of the following problems is correctly classified according to Greeno's system?

Explain the difference between a spatial version and a temporal version of a problem isomorph. Which one would best help you solve problems? Why?

Which is not a type of problem according to Greeno's (1978) taxonomy?

In what ways were the problems discussed in this chapter similar to those you would encounter in the real world? In what ways were they different?

What kind of problems did Gestalt psychologists primarily study?

In Gick and Holyoak's (1980) study, people were more likely to solve the radiation problem by analogy

Metcalfe found that subjects' ratings revealed that they thought they were not making progress until the very end when solving

Heuristics are strategies for solving problems that always yield the best results.

In what ways are solving problems by analogy and solving problems by representational transfer similar?

According to Greeno's classification, which of the following is an example of an inducing structure problem?

Knowledge of subgoals is valuable in problem-solving because it reduces the size of the search space.

Means-end analysis works by eliminating differences between the initial and goal state.

Introduction

Pattern Recognition

Attention

Short-Term Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Codes

Visual Images

Categorization

Semantic Organization

Language

Comprehension and Memory for Text

Expertise and Creativity

Decision Making

Filters