Question 1

The system of taxonomy used today was originated by (Linnaeus/Darwin/Woese). (Be sure to capitalize your answer.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The system of taxonomy used today was...

Question 2

A primary purpose for the use of stains in microscopy is to increase the (magnification/brightness/contrast) of a specimen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A primary purpose for the use of...

Question 3

Acidic dyes

Accepted Answer

A)  work best in low pH environments. 
B)  are negatively charged. 
C)  are used for staining negatively charged molecular structures. 
D)  are lipid soluble. 
E)  are negatively charged and work best at low pH. 
A)  work best in low pH environments. 
B)  are negatively charged. 
C)  are used for staining negatively charged molecular structures. 
D)  are lipid soluble. 
E)  are negatively charged and work best at low pH.

Question 4

The microscope preferred for viewing living specimens is the ________ microscope.

Accepted Answer

A)  bright-field 
B)  phase-contrast 
C)  scanning electron 
D)  scanning tunneling 
E)  transmission electron 
A)  bright-field 
B)  phase-contrast 
C)  scanning electron 
D)  scanning tunneling 
E)  transmission electron

Question 5

A structure that appears in a transmission electron micrograph but is not actually present in the specimen is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen. 
B)  biofilm. 
C)  artifact. 
D)  refraction. 
E)  mordant. 
A)  antigen. 
B)  biofilm. 
C)  artifact. 
D)  refraction. 
E)  mordant.

Question 6

Carl Woese proposed the concept of the domain based on differences of which of the following cellular molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer RNA 
B)  membrane lipids 
C)  ribosomal RNA 
D)  DNA 
E)  proteins 
A)  transfer RNA 
B)  membrane lipids 
C)  ribosomal RNA 
D)  DNA 
E)  proteins

Question 7

A single basic dye is used in simple stains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The most appropriate unit of measurement for intact archaea is the

Accepted Answer

A)  meter (m). 
B)  millimeter (mm). 
C)  micrometer (μm). 
D)  nanometer (nm). 
E)  centimeter (cm). 
A)  meter (m). 
B)  millimeter (mm). 
C)  micrometer (μm). 
D)  nanometer (nm). 
E)  centimeter (cm).

Question 9

Which of the following are magnifying lenses?

Accepted Answer

A)  objectives 
B)  oculars 
C)  condensers 
D)  prisms 
E)  both objectives and the oculars 
A)  objectives 
B)  oculars 
C)  condensers 
D)  prisms 
E)  both objectives and the oculars

Question 10

Methylene blue can be used to stain DNA because it

Accepted Answer

A)  forms ionic bonds with DNA. 
B)  changes the pH and therefore the structure of DNA. 
C)  covalently bonds with DNA. 
D)  makes DNA electron dense. 
E)  is an effective fixing agent for nucleic acids. 
A)  forms ionic bonds with DNA. 
B)  changes the pH and therefore the structure of DNA. 
C)  covalently bonds with DNA. 
D)  makes DNA electron dense. 
E)  is an effective fixing agent for nucleic acids.

Question 11

Which of the following classification methods relies on the morphology of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  phage typing 
B)  physical characteristics 
C)  biochemical tests 
D)  analysis of nucleic acids 
E)  serological tests 
A)  phage typing 
B)  physical characteristics 
C)  biochemical tests 
D)  analysis of nucleic acids 
E)  serological tests

Question 12

Carbolfuchsin is the ________ in the acid-fast stain.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary stain 
B)  mordant 
C)  decolorizer 
D)  counterstain 
E)  fixing reagent 
A)  primary stain 
B)  mordant 
C)  decolorizer 
D)  counterstain 
E)  fixing reagent

Question 13

Bacteria in the genus Salmonella are frequent causes of serious food contamination. Which of the following methods would provide rapid confirmation that a Salmonella species was a contaminant in food suspected of causing food "poisoning"?

Accepted Answer

A)  phage typing 
B)  biochemical tests 
C)  physical characteristics 
D)  analysis of nucleic acids 
E)  serological tests 
A)  phage typing 
B)  biochemical tests 
C)  physical characteristics 
D)  analysis of nucleic acids 
E)  serological tests

Question 14

Acid-fast cells such as Mycobacterium lose the color of the primary stain in the presence of hydrochloric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Viruses are not included in the taxonomic scheme proposed by Carl Woese because they lack

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic material. 
B)  ribosomal RNA. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  lipid membranes. 
E)  cytoplasm. 
A)  genetic material. 
B)  ribosomal RNA. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  lipid membranes. 
E)  cytoplasm.

Question 16

List and explain five types of techniques that can be used to identify unknown microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

There are five major types of identifica

Question 17

One-thousandth of a meter is a

Accepted Answer

A)  yard. 
B)  millimeter (mm). 
C)  micrometer (μm). 
D)  nanometer (nm). 
E)  centimeter (cm). 
A)  yard. 
B)  millimeter (mm). 
C)  micrometer (μm). 
D)  nanometer (nm). 
E)  centimeter (cm).

Question 18

Coating a specimen with a heavy metal is a step in preparing it for (phase/fluorescent/electron) microscopy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coating a specimen with a heavy metal...

Question 19

A sample from a patient is prepared using the Gomori methenamine silver stain. What type of microbe is suspected of being present?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  parasitic worm larva 
C)  fungus 
D)  protozoal parasite 
E)  virus 
A)  bacteria 
B)  parasitic worm larva 
C)  fungus 
D)  protozoal parasite 
E)  virus

Question 20

Figure 4.2 represents a (dichotomous/classification/taxonomic) key of the type used to identify a microbe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
Figure 4.2 represents a (dichotomous/classification/taxonomic)...

Exam 4: Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

The system of taxonomy used today was originated by (Linnaeus/Darwin/Woese). (Be sure to capitalize your answer.)

A primary purpose for the use of stains in microscopy is to increase the (magnification/brightness/contrast) of a specimen.

Acidic dyes

The microscope preferred for viewing living specimens is the ________ microscope.

A structure that appears in a transmission electron micrograph but is not actually present in the specimen is known as a(n)

Carl Woese proposed the concept of the domain based on differences of which of the following cellular molecules?

A single basic dye is used in simple stains.

The most appropriate unit of measurement for intact archaea is the

Which of the following are magnifying lenses?

Methylene blue can be used to stain DNA because it

Which of the following classification methods relies on the morphology of organisms?

Carbolfuchsin is the ________ in the acid-fast stain.

Bacteria in the genus Salmonella are frequent causes of serious food contamination. Which of the following methods would provide rapid confirmation that a Salmonella species was a contaminant in food suspected of causing food "poisoning"?

Acid-fast cells such as Mycobacterium lose the color of the primary stain in the presence of hydrochloric acid.

Viruses are not included in the taxonomic scheme proposed by Carl Woese because they lack

List and explain five types of techniques that can be used to identify unknown microorganisms.

One-thousandth of a meter is a

Coating a specimen with a heavy metal is a step in preparing it for (phase/fluorescent/electron) microscopy.

A sample from a patient is prepared using the Gomori methenamine silver stain. What type of microbe is suspected of being present?

Figure 4.2 represents a (dichotomous/classification/taxonomic) key of the type used to identify a microbe.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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