Exam 7: Intellectual Developmental Disorder and Learning Disorders

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Discuss Edward Zigler's developmental approach to intellectual developmental disorders (IDD), including the developmental-difference debate. How does this approach further the understanding and treatment of IDDs?

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-Edward Zigler (1969, 1971) asserted that the majority of children with intellectual developmental disabilities are more similar to than different from typically developing children
-Development is delayed in mastery of motor, cognitive, emotional, and social tasks
-Ultimate level of development falls short from typically developing peers
-Children with IDD follow same developmental sequence
-Furthers understanding in that it views the child in a holistic manner without an emphasis on what they can't do (deficit model) and focuses on individual differences - personalities, temperament, etc.
-Developmental-difference debate: focuses on nature of cognitive disabilities; one side suggesting that children with IDD develop in a similar but slower manner as same-aged peers, while the other side asserts that children with IDD think in qualitatively distinct/deficient ways; the second side focuses more on differences than similarities

The neurobiological model of cognition emphasizes qualitative and quantitative changes that occur in intelligence based on evolutionary contexts and brain development.

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Jose has been diagnosed with a specific learning disability in reading comprehension. It is likely that he displays deficits in ________ and ________.

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language skills, working memory, inferencing

Most intellectual developmental disorders are believed to be caused by environmental factors.

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Children with learning disorders are usually diagnosed with comorbid intellectual developmental disorders.

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Define and provide an example of genotypes and behavioral phenotypes as they relate to intellectual developmental disorders.

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It can be inferred from the discussion on intervention in the text that the most effective protocol for treating children with intellectual developmental disorders is:

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Pharmaceutical treatments for individuals with intellectual developmental disorders have been found to be largely ineffective in treating maladaptive behaviors.

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Girls are more likely to be diagnosed with a specific learning disorder than boys.

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Identify and discuss of the ethical issues associated with prenatal genetic counseling. If you or your spouse were pregnant, would you agree to prenatal genetic testing? Why or why not?

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Stephen's mother and father are completing a scale used to determine his level of functioning at home in the areas of self-care, communication, and interpersonal relationships. This is likely a measure of his ________.

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Using what is known about learning disorders, develop a brief public service announcement (3-4 sentences) highlighting the important aspects and/or misconceptions related to these disorders and what can be and should be done to help these youth.

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Behavioral interventions such as ________ are used only when there is a possibility of serious self-harm or harm to others.

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Using what is known about the cause of intellectual developmental disorders, develop a brief public service announcement (3-4 sentences) highlighting what can be done to prevent and treat these disorders.

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Describe the academic skills deficit and core cognitive processes associated with a learning disorder in the area of reading. How do you think each of these deficits might impact a child's ability to be an effective reader?

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Which of the following statements best summarizes the history related to the understanding and treatment of children with intellectual developmental disorders?

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The construct of ________ highlights the fact that a child is more likely to display a particular set of behaviors given a particular genetic predisposition.

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Using three examples, compare and contrast the DSM-V and the AAIDD descriptions of intellectual developmental disorders.

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Based on what is known about the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of learning disorders, develop a program that would provide effective prevention and intervention for young children. Identify the key components of such a program.

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What are most common comorbid conditions (medical and psychological) associated with a diagnosis of intellectual developmental disorder?

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