Question 1

Adaptive immunity is sometimes also called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements provides a basis for the alternative name?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system are highly specific for a single epitope. 
B)  Activated lymphocytes produce daughter cells that are identical in specificity and function. 
C)  To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the epitope for which they are specific. 
D)  Activated lymphocytes may persist for years in the body. 
E)  Lymphocytes reactive to normal body components are removed. 
A)  Lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system are highly specific for a single epitope. 
B)  Activated lymphocytes produce daughter cells that are identical in specificity and function. 
C)  To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the epitope for which they are specific. 
D)  Activated lymphocytes may persist for years in the body. 
E)  Lymphocytes reactive to normal body components are removed.

Question 2

Describe the mechanisms of action of antibodies.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies act against foreign antigens

Question 3

Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as ________ responses.

Accepted Answer

A)  third-degree immune 
B)  allergic 
C)  primary immune 
D)  memory 
E)  autoimmune 
A)  third-degree immune 
B)  allergic 
C)  primary immune 
D)  memory 
E)  autoimmune

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of the third line of defense that makes it significantly different from the second line?

Accepted Answer

A)  The response is specific to a single antigen. 
B)  The initial response is very rapid, beginning in minutes to a couple of hours. 
C)  The response is effective on a broad range of antigens. 
D)  The response to a second exposure is similar to the response to a first exposure. 
E)  The responding cells are a variety of cell types. 
A)  The response is specific to a single antigen. 
B)  The initial response is very rapid, beginning in minutes to a couple of hours. 
C)  The response is effective on a broad range of antigens. 
D)  The response to a second exposure is similar to the response to a first exposure. 
E)  The responding cells are a variety of cell types.

Question 5

Plasma cells produce (antibody/chemokine/cytotoxic) molecules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Plasma cells produce (antibody/chemokine/cytotoxic) molecules....

Question 6

The delay in the initial adaptive immune response to pathogen is largely due to the (inducibility/memory/specificity) of adaptive immunity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The delay in the initial adaptive immune...

Question 7

Discuss the importance of there being two types of adaptive immune responses (antibody and cell-mediated).

Accepted Answer

Pathogens (and other hazards to the body

Question 8

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

Accepted Answer

A)  NK lymphocytes and neutrophils. 
B)  B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. 
C)  macrophages and eosinophils. 
D)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
E)  neutrophils and dendritic cells. 
A)  NK lymphocytes and neutrophils. 
B)  B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. 
C)  macrophages and eosinophils. 
D)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
E)  neutrophils and dendritic cells.

Question 9

The majority of mature, self-tolerant lymphocytes are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  the MALT. 
B)  lymph nodes. 
C)  the thymus. 
D)  the spleen. 
E)  the tonsils. 
A)  the MALT. 
B)  lymph nodes. 
C)  the thymus. 
D)  the spleen. 
E)  the tonsils.

Question 10

Class II MHC are found on

Accepted Answer

A)  the skin. 
B)  red blood cells. 
C)  cytoplasmic membranes of nucleated cells. 
D)  muscle cells. 
E)  professional antigen-presenting cells. 
A)  the skin. 
B)  red blood cells. 
C)  cytoplasmic membranes of nucleated cells. 
D)  muscle cells. 
E)  professional antigen-presenting cells.

Question 11

B cells are activated when they interact with (antigen-presenting/Th1/Th2) cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of B cells are activated when they interact...

Question 12

The most prevalent antibody class in the blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgD. 
B)  IgM. 
C)  IgA. 
D)  IgG. 
E)  IgE. 
A)  IgD. 
B)  IgM. 
C)  IgA. 
D)  IgG. 
E)  IgE.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not require antigen presentation to become activated. 
B)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with antibodies that have bound antigen to identify their target. 
C)  Helper T lymphocytes have no role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
D)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill by producing hydrogen peroxide. 
E)  A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells. 
A)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not require antigen presentation to become activated. 
B)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with antibodies that have bound antigen to identify their target. 
C)  Helper T lymphocytes have no role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
D)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill by producing hydrogen peroxide. 
E)  A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They live for many years and function as memory cells. 
B)  They are descended from activated B cells. 
C)  They can produce large quantities of antibodies on a daily basis. 
D)  They secrete a single type of antibody molecule specific for a single epitope. 
E)  The antibodies they produce can remain in circulation for weeks. 
A)  They live for many years and function as memory cells. 
B)  They are descended from activated B cells. 
C)  They can produce large quantities of antibodies on a daily basis. 
D)  They secrete a single type of antibody molecule specific for a single epitope. 
E)  The antibodies they produce can remain in circulation for weeks.

Question 15

Which of the following is an exogenous antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacterium inside a cell 
B)  a virus inside a cell 
C)  a bacterium outside a cell 
D)  a noninfected human cell 
E)  the malaria parasite inside a red blood cell 
A)  a bacterium inside a cell 
B)  a virus inside a cell 
C)  a bacterium outside a cell 
D)  a noninfected human cell 
E)  the malaria parasite inside a red blood cell

Question 16

A single B lymphocyte can recognize multiple antigenic determinants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Activation of B lymphocytes produces (antibody-mediation/cell-mediated/innate) immune responses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Activation of B lymphocytes produces (antibody-mediation/cell-mediated/innate) immune...

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen. 
B)  They are complementary in shape to a specific antigenic determinant that they may or may not encounter. 
C)  They are bound to the surface of B lymphocytes and have two antigen-binding sites. 
D)  Each B lymphocyte is randomly generated with antibody variable regions that determine its BCR. 
E)  Scientists estimate that each person forms at least 10¹¹ different types of B lymphocytes with distinct BCRs. 
A)  They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen. 
B)  They are complementary in shape to a specific antigenic determinant that they may or may not encounter. 
C)  They are bound to the surface of B lymphocytes and have two antigen-binding sites. 
D)  Each B lymphocyte is randomly generated with antibody variable regions that determine its BCR. 
E)  Scientists estimate that each person forms at least 10¹¹ different types of B lymphocytes with distinct BCRs.

Question 19

CTLs use the CD95 molecule to recognize their epitope.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options, so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily IgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all IgA and IgG. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza. 
B)  the child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV. 
C)  the child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections. 
D)  the child has neither influenza nor RSV. 
E)  the results do not provide sufficient data to draw a conclusion. 
A)  the child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza. 
B)  the child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV. 
C)  the child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections. 
D)  the child has neither influenza nor RSV. 
E)  the results do not provide sufficient data to draw a conclusion.

Exam 16: Adaptive Immunity

Adaptive immunity is sometimes also called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements provides a basis for the alternative name?

Describe the mechanisms of action of antibodies.

Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as ________ responses.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the third line of defense that makes it significantly different from the second line?

Plasma cells produce (antibody/chemokine/cytotoxic) molecules.

The delay in the initial adaptive immune response to pathogen is largely due to the (inducibility/memory/specificity) of adaptive immunity.

Discuss the importance of there being two types of adaptive immune responses (antibody and cell-mediated).

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

The majority of mature, self-tolerant lymphocytes are found in

Class II MHC are found on

B cells are activated when they interact with (antigen-presenting/Th1/Th2) cells.

The most prevalent antibody class in the blood is

Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is TRUE?

Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?

Which of the following is an exogenous antigen?

A single B lymphocyte can recognize multiple antigenic determinants.

Activation of B lymphocytes produces (antibody-mediation/cell-mediated/innate) immune responses.

Which of the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is FALSE?

CTLs use the CD95 molecule to recognize their epitope.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

Filters