Question 1

Cytokines are soluble regulatory proteins that act as intercellular signals and include substances such as interleukins, interferon, and growth factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT included in the MALT?

Accepted Answer

A)  the appendix 
B)  the spleen 
C)  Peyer's patches 
D)  lymphoid tissue in the respiratory tract 
E)  lymphoid tissue in the small intestine 
A)  the appendix 
B)  the spleen 
C)  Peyer's patches 
D)  lymphoid tissue in the respiratory tract 
E)  lymphoid tissue in the small intestine

Question 3

The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells do not produce MHC and, therefore, do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen. 
B)  the parasite damages leukocytes along with RBCs. 
C)  RBCs normally produce cytokines necessary for adaptive immune response, which this infection prevents. 
D)  complement cannot effectively destroy RBCs. 
E)  RBCs never enter lymphoid tissue. 
A)  red blood cells do not produce MHC and, therefore, do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen. 
B)  the parasite damages leukocytes along with RBCs. 
C)  RBCs normally produce cytokines necessary for adaptive immune response, which this infection prevents. 
D)  complement cannot effectively destroy RBCs. 
E)  RBCs never enter lymphoid tissue.

Question 4

Which of the following cytokines promotes the development of a cell-mediated immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha interferon 
B)  chemokines 
C)  tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
D)  IL-4 (interleukin-4) 
E)  IL-12 
A)  alpha interferon 
B)  chemokines 
C)  tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
D)  IL-4 (interleukin-4) 
E)  IL-12

Question 5

TCRs only recognize antigens presented by APC; therefore, (BCR/MHC/Th1) molecules ultimately determine which epitopes elicit an immune response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of TCRs only recognize antigens presented by APC;...

Question 6

The immunological synapse refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  interaction between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell to produce a specialized cell-to-cell contact area. 
B)  activation of a B cell to become a plasma cell. 
C)  interaction between lymphocytes and foreign antigens to produce memory cells. 
D)  binding of a monocyte or macrophage to antigen so that it can act as an antigen-presenting cell. 
E)  interaction of the many cytokines produced by different immunological cells. 
A)  interaction between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell to produce a specialized cell-to-cell contact area. 
B)  activation of a B cell to become a plasma cell. 
C)  interaction between lymphocytes and foreign antigens to produce memory cells. 
D)  binding of a monocyte or macrophage to antigen so that it can act as an antigen-presenting cell. 
E)  interaction of the many cytokines produced by different immunological cells.

Question 7

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and (dendritic/plasma/T) cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells,...

Question 8

Vaccination triggers an immune response which produces ________ immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial passive 
B)  natural passive 
C)  natural active 
D)  artificial active 
E)  both active and passive 
A)  artificial passive 
B)  natural passive 
C)  natural active 
D)  artificial active 
E)  both active and passive

Question 9

Immature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When a T cell's CD95L binds to the CD95 on a target cell, antibodies are formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

You step on something in the yard resulting in a puncture wound that does not bleed freely. Antigens from any microbes that entered the wound will most likely end up in the

Accepted Answer

A)  appendix. 
B)  lymph nodes of the groin. 
C)  lymph nodes of the neck (cervical). 
D)  lymph nodes of the armpit (axilla). 
E)  spleen. 
A)  appendix. 
B)  lymph nodes of the groin. 
C)  lymph nodes of the neck (cervical). 
D)  lymph nodes of the armpit (axilla). 
E)  spleen.

Question 12

How is the development of autoimmunity normally prevented?

Accepted Answer

A)  T lymphocytes that respond to autoantigens in the thymus undergo clonal deletion. 
B)  T lymphocytes require a specific set of cytokine signals to become activated. 
C)  Regulatory T cells suppress autoimmune responses. 
D)  Clonal deletion of T cells and regulatory T cell suppression prevent autoreactive T cell activation. 
E)  Clonal deletion of T cells, lack of necessary cytokine signals, and regulatory T cell suppression prevent activation of autoreactive T cells. 
A)  T lymphocytes that respond to autoantigens in the thymus undergo clonal deletion. 
B)  T lymphocytes require a specific set of cytokine signals to become activated. 
C)  Regulatory T cells suppress autoimmune responses. 
D)  Clonal deletion of T cells and regulatory T cell suppression prevent autoreactive T cell activation. 
E)  Clonal deletion of T cells, lack of necessary cytokine signals, and regulatory T cell suppression prevent activation of autoreactive T cells.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes IgM antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cause basophils and eosinophils to degranulate. 
B)  They are the most common type of antibody in the blood during the initial stages of an immune response. 
C)  They are the antibody class found in body secretions. 
D)  They interact with phagocytes and NK cells. 
E)  They can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity. 
A)  They cause basophils and eosinophils to degranulate. 
B)  They are the most common type of antibody in the blood during the initial stages of an immune response. 
C)  They are the antibody class found in body secretions. 
D)  They interact with phagocytes and NK cells. 
E)  They can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity.

Question 14

The MALT lacks the tough outer capsule of a lymph node but functions in the same way.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Clonal deletion of developing T lymphocytes takes place in which location(s) in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  the bone marrow 
B)  the spleen 
C)  the liver 
D)  both the bone marrow and the spleen 
E)  the thymus 
A)  the bone marrow 
B)  the spleen 
C)  the liver 
D)  both the bone marrow and the spleen 
E)  the thymus

Question 16

The lymphocytes of adaptive immunity called ________ mature in the red bone marrow.

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  NK cells 
D)  dendritic cells 
E)  macrophages 
A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  NK cells 
D)  dendritic cells 
E)  macrophages

Question 17

T lymphocytes that have both CD4 and CD25 are (cytotoxic/helper/regulatory) T cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of T lymphocytes that have both CD4 and...

Question 18

Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  T lymphocytes produce antibody molecules. 
B)  T lymphocytes directly attack cells and produce the cell-mediated immune response. 
C)  T lymphocytes are called such because they mature in the thymus. 
D)  T lymphocytes have TCRs that recognize antigen only if it is bound to MHC. 
E)  There are three types of T lymphocytes. 
A)  T lymphocytes produce antibody molecules. 
B)  T lymphocytes directly attack cells and produce the cell-mediated immune response. 
C)  T lymphocytes are called such because they mature in the thymus. 
D)  T lymphocytes have TCRs that recognize antigen only if it is bound to MHC. 
E)  There are three types of T lymphocytes.

Question 19

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth factors 
B)  interferons 
C)  interleukins 
D)  tumor necrosis factors 
E)  chemokines 
A)  growth factors 
B)  interferons 
C)  interleukins 
D)  tumor necrosis factors 
E)  chemokines

Question 20

What is the result when a dendritic cell phagocytizes a microbe and processes it?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of the dendritic cell to become a plasma cell 
B)  display of epitope-MHC I complexes on the surface of the cell 
C)  suppression of the immune response to the microbe 
D)  display of microbial fragments with CD8 glycoproteins 
E)  display of microbial epitope-MHC II complexes on the cell surface 
A)  activation of the dendritic cell to become a plasma cell 
B)  display of epitope-MHC I complexes on the surface of the cell 
C)  suppression of the immune response to the microbe 
D)  display of microbial fragments with CD8 glycoproteins 
E)  display of microbial epitope-MHC II complexes on the cell surface

Exam 16: Adaptive Immunity

Cytokines are soluble regulatory proteins that act as intercellular signals and include substances such as interleukins, interferon, and growth factors.

Which of the following is NOT included in the MALT?

The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because

Which of the following cytokines promotes the development of a cell-mediated immune response?

TCRs only recognize antigens presented by APC; therefore, (BCR/MHC/Th1) molecules ultimately determine which epitopes elicit an immune response.

The immunological synapse refers to the

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and (dendritic/plasma/T) cells.

Vaccination triggers an immune response which produces ________ immunity.

Immature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow.

When a T cell's CD95L binds to the CD95 on a target cell, antibodies are formed.

You step on something in the yard resulting in a puncture wound that does not bleed freely. Antigens from any microbes that entered the wound will most likely end up in the

How is the development of autoimmunity normally prevented?

Which of the following best describes IgM antibodies?

The MALT lacks the tough outer capsule of a lymph node but functions in the same way.

Clonal deletion of developing T lymphocytes takes place in which location(s) in the body?

The lymphocytes of adaptive immunity called ________ mature in the red bone marrow.

T lymphocytes that have both CD4 and CD25 are (cytotoxic/helper/regulatory) T cells.

Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

What is the result when a dendritic cell phagocytizes a microbe and processes it?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

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Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

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Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

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Immunization and Immune Testing

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