Question 1

How does memory play a central role, particularly in relation to our personal lives?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows us to activate solutions for problems we learned to solve in the past. 
B) It allows us to use relevant knowledge to solve new problems. 
C) It defines the boundaries of our self-concepts and relationships with others. 
D) It defines ourselves to ourselves and maintains critical information about social relationships. 
A) It allows us to activate solutions for problems we learned to solve in the past. 
B) It allows us to use relevant knowledge to solve new problems. 
C) It defines the boundaries of our self-concepts and relationships with others. 
D) It defines ourselves to ourselves and maintains critical information about social relationships. D

Question 2

Karmiloff-Smith's developmental theory includes all of the following concepts except

Accepted Answer

A) Explicit representations are transformed into implicit representations. 
B) Infants' knowledge is all implicit knowledge. 
C) With consciousness, experiences are redescribed. 
D) Consciousness allows an infant to reflect on a piece of knowledge and make inferences. 
A) Explicit representations are transformed into implicit representations. 
B) Infants' knowledge is all implicit knowledge. 
C) With consciousness, experiences are redescribed. 
D) Consciousness allows an infant to reflect on a piece of knowledge and make inferences. A

Question 3

When children are given many specific hints, or cues, they tend to do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) remember more correct facts 
B) remember more incorrect facts 
C) remember more details 
D) have greater overall accuracy in their recall 
A) remember more correct facts 
B) remember more incorrect facts 
C) remember more details 
D) have greater overall accuracy in their recall C

Question 4

Which of the following suggests that all great apes evolved from a common tool-using ancestor and that different ecological conditions fostered tool use for some species?

Accepted Answer

A) the fact that intelligence required for effective tool use is quite sophisticated 
B) the fact that all great apes have hands similar to human hands 
C) the fact that great apes develop a design stance similar to human infants 
D) the fact that not all great apes use tools in the wild but can in captivity 
A) the fact that intelligence required for effective tool use is quite sophisticated 
B) the fact that all great apes have hands similar to human hands 
C) the fact that great apes develop a design stance similar to human infants 
D) the fact that not all great apes use tools in the wild but can in captivity

Question 5

Children gain increasing conscious control over their problem solving, as reflected by children being able to think about the contents of their own thoughts, which is called

Accepted Answer

A) reflection. 
B) executive functioning. 
C) introspection. 
D) self-concept. 
A) reflection. 
B) executive functioning. 
C) introspection. 
D) self-concept.

Question 6

Children generally have difficulty with scientific reasoning, and

Accepted Answer

A) they are not very interested in science. 
B) they still have a keen interest in science. 
C) they learn difficult science concepts from their parents. 
D) their parents do not encourage interest in science. 
A) they are not very interested in science. 
B) they still have a keen interest in science. 
C) they learn difficult science concepts from their parents. 
D) their parents do not encourage interest in science.

Question 7

Chimpanzees have been observed using objects as grooming tools, including

Accepted Answer

A) toothbrushes. 
B) dental picks. 
C) hairbrushes 
D) ear cleaners. 
A) toothbrushes. 
B) dental picks. 
C) hairbrushes 
D) ear cleaners.

Question 8

Regarding cultural differences in how children learn to attend to objects and events, some have proposed that East Asians

Accepted Answer

A) are socialized to focus their attention on key features of objects. 
B) are socialized to divide their attention between objects and events in their environments. 
C) have analytic styles of reasoning. 
D) tend to focus on differences between objects. 
A) are socialized to focus their attention on key features of objects. 
B) are socialized to divide their attention between objects and events in their environments. 
C) have analytic styles of reasoning. 
D) tend to focus on differences between objects.

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of speed of processing?

Accepted Answer

A) It is related to performance on many cognitive tasks. 
B) It is hypothesized to be a measure of mental capacity. 
C) Its development is not necessarily age related. 
D) It is directly related to underlying differences in brain development. 
A) It is related to performance on many cognitive tasks. 
B) It is hypothesized to be a measure of mental capacity. 
C) Its development is not necessarily age related. 
D) It is directly related to underlying differences in brain development.

Question 10

Humans' assumption that tools are designed for an intended function is called

Accepted Answer

A) finalism. 
B) the design stance. 
C) objectivism 
D) perspective taking. 
A) finalism. 
B) the design stance. 
C) objectivism 
D) perspective taking.

Question 11

False memories of plausible but extraordinary events are not easy to put into young children's minds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following serves as the foundation for children to learn about tools?

Accepted Answer

A) They are intrinsically goal-oriented. 
B) They understand that some objects can affect changes in other objects. 
C) They like to mimic the behavior of adults. 
D) They understand that all events happen for a reason. 
A) They are intrinsically goal-oriented. 
B) They understand that some objects can affect changes in other objects. 
C) They like to mimic the behavior of adults. 
D) They understand that all events happen for a reason.

Question 13

Age differences in ______ are central to all other aspects of cognition.

Accepted Answer

A) speed of processing 
B) IQ 
C) short-term memory 
D) response inhibition 
A) speed of processing 
B) IQ 
C) short-term memory 
D) response inhibition

Question 14

Infants cannot be said to solve problems until they demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A) theory of mind.b perspective taking. 
B) goal-directed behavior. 
C) cognition. 
A) theory of mind.b perspective taking. 
B) goal-directed behavior. 
C) cognition.

Question 15

Children's ability to selectively forget information

Accepted Answer

A) is affected by their ability to keep the to-be-forgotten information out of mind. 
B) might impede their ability to deceive others in some situations. 
C) can be explained by young children's difficulty with ignoring task-irrelevant stimuli. 
D) is related to their understanding that other people can hold false beliefs. 
A) is affected by their ability to keep the to-be-forgotten information out of mind. 
B) might impede their ability to deceive others in some situations. 
C) can be explained by young children's difficulty with ignoring task-irrelevant stimuli. 
D) is related to their understanding that other people can hold false beliefs.

Question 16

All of the following is true of scientific reasoning except

Accepted Answer

A) sixth graders are capable of reasoning from evidence, but they rarely do so spontaneously. 
B) only the most highly educated adults consistently solved problems using scientific reasoning. 
C) it is taught explicitly in school and can improve with practice. 
D) scientific reasoning comes easily to adults. 
A) sixth graders are capable of reasoning from evidence, but they rarely do so spontaneously. 
B) only the most highly educated adults consistently solved problems using scientific reasoning. 
C) it is taught explicitly in school and can improve with practice. 
D) scientific reasoning comes easily to adults.

Question 17

A measure of how many items a person can hold in immediate memory while also doing some processing, or thinking, about those items is called

Accepted Answer

A) long-term memory. 
B) working memory span. 
C) mnemonics. 
D) short-term memory. 
A) long-term memory. 
B) working memory span. 
C) mnemonics. 
D) short-term memory.

Question 18

All of the following are true of autobiographical memory except

Accepted Answer

A) Children remember specific details of events. 
B) Children remember the gist of events. 
C) Children transform what was actually said and done into a memory representation. 
D) Children's event memory is constructive in nature. 
A) Children remember specific details of events. 
B) Children remember the gist of events. 
C) Children transform what was actually said and done into a memory representation. 
D) Children's event memory is constructive in nature.

Question 19

All of the following are true of children's metamemories except that they

Accepted Answer

A) think they can remember more than they actually can. 
B) are in touch with their memory abilities. 
C) think they never forget. 
D) think that learning pairs of unrelated words is just as easy as learning pairs of opposites. 
A) think they can remember more than they actually can. 
B) are in touch with their memory abilities. 
C) think they never forget. 
D) think that learning pairs of unrelated words is just as easy as learning pairs of opposites.

Question 20

The processing of information quickly and efficiently, maintaining some information in consciousness long enough to evaluate it and keeping irrelevant information out is called

Accepted Answer

A) executive function. 
B) cognitive flexibility. 
C) adaptive strategy 
D) metacognition. 
A) executive function. 
B) cognitive flexibility. 
C) adaptive strategy 
D) metacognition.

How does memory play a central role, particularly in relation to our personal lives?

Karmiloff-Smith's developmental theory includes all of the following concepts except

When children are given many specific hints, or cues, they tend to do all of the following except

Which of the following suggests that all great apes evolved from a common tool-using ancestor and that different ecological conditions fostered tool use for some species?

Children gain increasing conscious control over their problem solving, as reflected by children being able to think about the contents of their own thoughts, which is called

Children generally have difficulty with scientific reasoning, and

Chimpanzees have been observed using objects as grooming tools, including

Regarding cultural differences in how children learn to attend to objects and events, some have proposed that East Asians

Which of the following is not true of speed of processing?

Humans' assumption that tools are designed for an intended function is called

False memories of plausible but extraordinary events are not easy to put into young children's minds.

Which of the following serves as the foundation for children to learn about tools?

Age differences in ______ are central to all other aspects of cognition.

Infants cannot be said to solve problems until they demonstrate

Children's ability to selectively forget information

All of the following is true of scientific reasoning except

A measure of how many items a person can hold in immediate memory while also doing some processing, or thinking, about those items is called

All of the following are true of autobiographical memory except

All of the following are true of children's metamemories except that they

The processing of information quickly and efficiently, maintaining some information in consciousness long enough to evaluate it and keeping irrelevant information out is called

Introduction to Child and Adolescent Development

Theories and Contexts of Development

Genetics, Prenatal Development, and the Neonate

Physical Development

What Do Infants Know and When and How Do They Know It

The Symbolic Child: Piagets Theory and Beyond

Understanding Self and Others

Language Development

Intelligence and School Achievement

Emotion, Temperament, and Personality Development

Attachment and Early Parent-Child Care

The Family and Other Contexts for Socialization

Competing and Cooperating With Peers

The Development of Sexuality and Gender Identity

Filters

Exam 8: Becoming Self-Directed Thinkers: Problem Solving and Memory

How does memory play a central role, particularly in relation to our personal lives?

Karmiloff-Smith's developmental theory includes all of the following concepts except

When children are given many specific hints, or cues, they tend to do all of the following except

Which of the following suggests that all great apes evolved from a common tool-using ancestor and that different ecological conditions fostered tool use for some species?

Children gain increasing conscious control over their problem solving, as reflected by children being able to think about the contents of their own thoughts, which is called

Children generally have difficulty with scientific reasoning, and

Chimpanzees have been observed using objects as grooming tools, including

Regarding cultural differences in how children learn to attend to objects and events, some have proposed that East Asians

Which of the following is not true of speed of processing?

Humans' assumption that tools are designed for an intended function is called

False memories of plausible but extraordinary events are not easy to put into young children's minds.

Which of the following serves as the foundation for children to learn about tools?

Age differences in ______ are central to all other aspects of cognition.

Infants cannot be said to solve problems until they demonstrate

Children's ability to selectively forget information

All of the following is true of scientific reasoning except

A measure of how many items a person can hold in immediate memory while also doing some processing, or thinking, about those items is called

All of the following are true of autobiographical memory except

All of the following are true of children's metamemories except that they

The processing of information quickly and efficiently, maintaining some information in consciousness long enough to evaluate it and keeping irrelevant information out is called

Introduction to Child and Adolescent Development

Theories and Contexts of Development

Genetics, Prenatal Development, and the Neonate

Physical Development

What Do Infants Know and When and How Do They Know It

The Symbolic Child: Piagets Theory and Beyond

Understanding Self and Others

Language Development

Intelligence and School Achievement

Emotion, Temperament, and Personality Development

Attachment and Early Parent-Child Care

The Family and Other Contexts for Socialization

Competing and Cooperating With Peers

The Development of Sexuality and Gender Identity

Filters