Question 1

Many of the tasks used to assess inhibition abilities also require children to do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) have cognitive flexibility. 
B) shift, or change, between a set of rules. 
C) formulate rules. 
D) use switch trials. 
A) have cognitive flexibility. 
B) shift, or change, between a set of rules. 
C) formulate rules. 
D) use switch trials.

Question 2

The less that children know about the world, the more they rely on _______ to organize their memories.

Accepted Answer

A) familiar routines 
B) others' memories 
C) objects 
D) emotions 
A) familiar routines 
B) others' memories 
C) objects 
D) emotions

Question 3

Personal and long-lasting memories, which are the basis for one's personal life history, are called

Accepted Answer

A) historic memories. 
B) spectrum memories. 
C) reminiscent memories. 
D) autobiographical memories 
A) historic memories. 
B) spectrum memories. 
C) reminiscent memories. 
D) autobiographical memories

Question 4

An effective memory strategy to sort the items into groups during a study phase and to recall them according to their category membership is called

Accepted Answer

A) classification. 
B) differentiation. 
C) clustering. 
D) organization. 
A) classification. 
B) differentiation. 
C) clustering. 
D) organization.

Question 5

Functional fixedness is

Accepted Answer

A) the ease with which humans can use tools. 
B) the efficient selection of tools. 
C) the tendency to transfer strategies to new tools. 
D) the tendency not to identify alternative uses for tools. 
A) the ease with which humans can use tools. 
B) the efficient selection of tools. 
C) the tendency to transfer strategies to new tools. 
D) the tendency not to identify alternative uses for tools.

Question 6

Which of the following is not necessarily associated with children who have good metacognitive knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A) They have good metamemories. 
B) They perform cognitive tasks well. 
C) They use strategies effectively. 
D) They monitor their task performance. 
A) They have good metamemories. 
B) They perform cognitive tasks well. 
C) They use strategies effectively. 
D) They monitor their task performance.

Question 7

Before children can solve complicated problems using complex strategies, they need to develop some semblance of

Accepted Answer

A) scientific reasoning. 
B) analogical reasoning. 
C) self-concept. 
D) self-regulation. 
A) scientific reasoning. 
B) analogical reasoning. 
C) self-concept. 
D) self-regulation.

Question 8

Infants cannot be said to solve problems until they demonstrate goal-directed behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What were the results of studies comparing the earliest memories of White versus Asian adults?

Accepted Answer

A) Childhood memories of Chinese adults are more likely to include emotions and less likely to involve family activities than the childhood memories of American adults. 
B) American mothers talked about past events more with their 3-year-old children than Korean mothers did. 
C) There were no significant differences in the time of the events recalled by the adults. 
D) Korean adults have earlier memories than American adults do. 
A) Childhood memories of Chinese adults are more likely to include emotions and less likely to involve family activities than the childhood memories of American adults. 
B) American mothers talked about past events more with their 3-year-old children than Korean mothers did. 
C) There were no significant differences in the time of the events recalled by the adults. 
D) Korean adults have earlier memories than American adults do.

Question 10

Which of the following refers to our knowledge of language, rules, and concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) episodic memory 
B) semantic memory 
C) implicit/procedural memory 
D) metamemory 
A) episodic memory 
B) semantic memory 
C) implicit/procedural memory 
D) metamemory

Question 11

Age differences in children's selective attention

Accepted Answer

A) is affected by their ability to keep the to-be-forgotten information out of mind. 
B) might impede their ability to deceive others in some situations. 
C) can be explained by young children's difficulty with ignoring task-irrelevant stimuli. 
D) is related to their understanding that other people can hold false beliefs. 
A) is affected by their ability to keep the to-be-forgotten information out of mind. 
B) might impede their ability to deceive others in some situations. 
C) can be explained by young children's difficulty with ignoring task-irrelevant stimuli. 
D) is related to their understanding that other people can hold false beliefs.

Question 12

Mnemonics are

Accepted Answer

A) linguistic devices. 
B) symbolic images. 
C) counting strategies. 
D) memory strategies. 
A) linguistic devices. 
B) symbolic images. 
C) counting strategies. 
D) memory strategies.

Question 13

Humans tend to recognize what a tool is used for

Accepted Answer

A) very easily. 
B) with much difficulty. 
C) with instruction. 
D) with trial and error. 
A) very easily. 
B) with much difficulty. 
C) with instruction. 
D) with trial and error.

Question 14

Executive function refers to the processes involved in regulating attention and in determining
what to do with information just gathered or retrieved from long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Young children do not select a tool based solely on its properties to solve a problem but also on

Accepted Answer

A) their interest in a tool. 
B) the similarity of a tool to other familiar objects. 
C) their past history with a tool. 
D) the simplicity of a tool 
A) their interest in a tool. 
B) the similarity of a tool to other familiar objects. 
C) their past history with a tool. 
D) the simplicity of a tool

Question 16

Cognitive flexibility refers to "susceptibility to performance decrements under conditions of multiple distracting stimuli."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Research suggests that young children fail to use strategies as much as older children for all of the following reasons except that

Accepted Answer

A) young children have increasing recall only as a result of organizing items as they are instructed to. 
B) young children have fewer mental resources available to them. 
C) young children consume too much of their limited mental resources, leaving too little for performing tasks. 
D) young children find dual tasks to difficult. 
A) young children have increasing recall only as a result of organizing items as they are instructed to. 
B) young children have fewer mental resources available to them. 
C) young children consume too much of their limited mental resources, leaving too little for performing tasks. 
D) young children find dual tasks to difficult.

Question 18

One of the most widely cited examples of tool use in chimpanzees is

Accepted Answer

A) cracking open mollusks by smashing them on stones. 
B) dropping snails onto rocks to crack them open. 
C) fishing for termites by poking a stick into a termite mound. 
D) fishing for fish by scooping them up with pieces of coconut shells. 
A) cracking open mollusks by smashing them on stones. 
B) dropping snails onto rocks to crack them open. 
C) fishing for termites by poking a stick into a termite mound. 
D) fishing for fish by scooping them up with pieces of coconut shells.

Question 19

A frequently studied memory strategy that refers to the structure discovered or imposed on a set of items is

Accepted Answer

A) classification. 
B) differentiation. 
C) clustering. 
D) organization. 
A) classification. 
B) differentiation. 
C) clustering. 
D) organization.

Question 20

How easily individuals can switch between different sets of rules or different tasks is called

Accepted Answer

A) selective attention. 
B) cognitive flexibility. 
C) resisting interference. 
D) working memory. 
A) selective attention. 
B) cognitive flexibility. 
C) resisting interference. 
D) working memory.

Many of the tasks used to assess inhibition abilities also require children to do all of the following except

The less that children know about the world, the more they rely on _______ to organize their memories.

Personal and long-lasting memories, which are the basis for one's personal life history, are called

An effective memory strategy to sort the items into groups during a study phase and to recall them according to their category membership is called

Functional fixedness is

Which of the following is not necessarily associated with children who have good metacognitive knowledge?

Before children can solve complicated problems using complex strategies, they need to develop some semblance of

Infants cannot be said to solve problems until they demonstrate goal-directed behavior.

What were the results of studies comparing the earliest memories of White versus Asian adults?

Which of the following refers to our knowledge of language, rules, and concepts?

Age differences in children's selective attention

Mnemonics are

Humans tend to recognize what a tool is used for

Executive function refers to the processes involved in regulating attention and in determining what to do with information just gathered or retrieved from long-term memory.

Young children do not select a tool based solely on its properties to solve a problem but also on

Cognitive flexibility refers to "susceptibility to performance decrements under conditions of multiple distracting stimuli."

Research suggests that young children fail to use strategies as much as older children for all of the following reasons except that

One of the most widely cited examples of tool use in chimpanzees is

A frequently studied memory strategy that refers to the structure discovered or imposed on a set of items is

How easily individuals can switch between different sets of rules or different tasks is called

Introduction to Child and Adolescent Development

Theories and Contexts of Development

Genetics, Prenatal Development, and the Neonate

Physical Development

What Do Infants Know and When and How Do They Know It

The Symbolic Child: Piagets Theory and Beyond

Understanding Self and Others

Language Development

Intelligence and School Achievement

Emotion, Temperament, and Personality Development

Attachment and Early Parent-Child Care

The Family and Other Contexts for Socialization

Competing and Cooperating With Peers

The Development of Sexuality and Gender Identity

Filters

Exam 8: Becoming Self-Directed Thinkers: Problem Solving and Memory

Many of the tasks used to assess inhibition abilities also require children to do all of the following except

The less that children know about the world, the more they rely on _______ to organize their memories.

Personal and long-lasting memories, which are the basis for one's personal life history, are called

An effective memory strategy to sort the items into groups during a study phase and to recall them according to their category membership is called

Functional fixedness is

Which of the following is not necessarily associated with children who have good metacognitive knowledge?

Before children can solve complicated problems using complex strategies, they need to develop some semblance of

Infants cannot be said to solve problems until they demonstrate goal-directed behavior.

What were the results of studies comparing the earliest memories of White versus Asian adults?

Which of the following refers to our knowledge of language, rules, and concepts?

Age differences in children's selective attention

Mnemonics are

Humans tend to recognize what a tool is used for

Executive function refers to the processes involved in regulating attention and in determining what to do with information just gathered or retrieved from long-term memory.

Young children do not select a tool based solely on its properties to solve a problem but also on

Cognitive flexibility refers to "susceptibility to performance decrements under conditions of multiple distracting stimuli."

Research suggests that young children fail to use strategies as much as older children for all of the following reasons except that

One of the most widely cited examples of tool use in chimpanzees is

A frequently studied memory strategy that refers to the structure discovered or imposed on a set of items is

How easily individuals can switch between different sets of rules or different tasks is called

Introduction to Child and Adolescent Development

Theories and Contexts of Development

Genetics, Prenatal Development, and the Neonate

Physical Development

What Do Infants Know and When and How Do They Know It

The Symbolic Child: Piagets Theory and Beyond

Understanding Self and Others

Language Development

Intelligence and School Achievement

Emotion, Temperament, and Personality Development

Attachment and Early Parent-Child Care

The Family and Other Contexts for Socialization

Competing and Cooperating With Peers

The Development of Sexuality and Gender Identity

Filters