Question 1

What is primarily responsible for individual differences in executive functioning?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive flexibility 
B) heredity 
C) intelligence 
D) education 
A) cognitive flexibility 
B) heredity 
C) intelligence 
D) education

Question 2

Using something you already know to help you understand something you do not know yet is

Accepted Answer

A) deductive reasoning. 
B) inductive reasoning. 
C) scientific reasoning. 
D) analogical reasoning. 
A) deductive reasoning. 
B) inductive reasoning. 
C) scientific reasoning. 
D) analogical reasoning.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a finding of Somerville's research in which she asked children's parents to remind them to perform some task in the future?

Accepted Answer

A) Children were very good at reminding their parents when the task was one of high interest 
B) Children were very good at reminding their parents when the delay was short. 
C) Younger children were very good at reminding their parents when they were given a prompt. 
D) Motivation plays an important role in when children display prospective memory. 
A) Children were very good at reminding their parents when the task was one of high interest 
B) Children were very good at reminding their parents when the delay was short. 
C) Younger children were very good at reminding their parents when they were given a prompt. 
D) Motivation plays an important role in when children display prospective memory.

Question 4

Regarding cultural differences in how children learn to attend to objects and events, in looking at pictures, Westerners tend to

Accepted Answer

A) group items together on the basis of category membership. 
B) tend to focus on the background as much as on the target object. 
C) tend to group items together on the basis of relational-contextual criteria. 
D) tend to view things in a holistic manner. 
A) group items together on the basis of category membership. 
B) tend to focus on the background as much as on the target object. 
C) tend to group items together on the basis of relational-contextual criteria. 
D) tend to view things in a holistic manner.

Question 5

A 9- or 10-month-old infant would be most likely to use the correct tool to retrieve a toy if

Accepted Answer

A) the toy is one of the infant's favorites. 
B) there are no other toys nearby. 
C) the toy and the tool are the same color. 
D) the tool is in close proximity to the toy. 
A) the toy is one of the infant's favorites. 
B) there are no other toys nearby. 
C) the toy and the tool are the same color. 
D) the tool is in close proximity to the toy.

Question 6

The major category of Lindberg's factors to be considered in evaluating children's eyewitness memory and suggestibility that includes developmental abilities; social, emotional, and cognitive skills; and knowledge base is

Accepted Answer

A) memory processes. 
B) the focus of study. 
C) participant factors. 
D) interpretation of validity. 
A) memory processes. 
B) the focus of study. 
C) participant factors. 
D) interpretation of validity.

Question 7

Memory refers to the contents of one's mind, whereas remembering refers to the process of bringing that information to consciousness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

All of the following are associated with active rehearsal except

Accepted Answer

A) better memory performance. 
B) working on one word or segment of information at a time. 
C) increasing age and cognitive development. 
D) changes in rehearsal apparently causing increases in recall. 
A) better memory performance. 
B) working on one word or segment of information at a time. 
C) increasing age and cognitive development. 
D) changes in rehearsal apparently causing increases in recall.

Question 9

What were the results of the study in which researchers showed 27- to 39-month-old children sequences of actions and interviewed them 6 and 12 months later for their memories of the event?

Accepted Answer

A) Only those who had the vocabulary to describe the events at the time of the interview did so. 
B) Only those who had the vocabulary to describe the events at the time of the original experience did so. 
C) None of the children could describe the events at the time of the interview. 
D) Only the older children could describe the events at the time of the interview. 
A) Only those who had the vocabulary to describe the events at the time of the interview did so. 
B) Only those who had the vocabulary to describe the events at the time of the original experience did so. 
C) None of the children could describe the events at the time of the interview. 
D) Only the older children could describe the events at the time of the interview.

Question 10

Which of the following is the most relevant question regarding susceptibility to suggestion?

Accepted Answer

A) Are children more susceptible to suggestion than adults? 
B) Are children appreciably more susceptible to suggestion than adults? 
C) At about what age do children become unsusceptible to suggestion? 
D) What might cause susceptibility to suggestion in adults and children? 
A) Are children more susceptible to suggestion than adults? 
B) Are children appreciably more susceptible to suggestion than adults? 
C) At about what age do children become unsusceptible to suggestion? 
D) What might cause susceptibility to suggestion in adults and children?

Question 11

The similarity on which an analogy is based is

Accepted Answer

A) proportional. 
B) relational. 
C) perceptual. 
D) intuitive. 
A) proportional. 
B) relational. 
C) perceptual. 
D) intuitive.

Question 12

Consistent with the divided-versus-focused-attention hypothesis, in research findings, which were more accurate in performing an absolute task?

Accepted Answer

A) Japanese adults 
B) Welsh adults 
C) American adults 
D) Chinese adults 
A) Japanese adults 
B) Welsh adults 
C) American adults 
D) Chinese adults

Question 13

In environmental terms, executive functioning is significantly affected by

Accepted Answer

A) culture. 
B) peer support. 
C) family structure. 
D) physical fitness. 
A) culture. 
B) peer support. 
C) family structure. 
D) physical fitness.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes Siegler's adaptive strategy?

Accepted Answer

A) Development occurs as a series of overlapping waves. 
B) Development occurs as a series of discrete steps. 
C) Development occurs in well-defined stages. 
D) Development occurs as bursts of enlightenment. 
A) Development occurs as a series of overlapping waves. 
B) Development occurs as a series of discrete steps. 
C) Development occurs in well-defined stages. 
D) Development occurs as bursts of enlightenment.

Question 15

According to Nelson, memory has the adaptive value of helping children

Accepted Answer

A) develop a sense of identity. 
B) predict what will happen in the future. 
C) reflect on what they know. 
D) become more socially skilled. 
A) develop a sense of identity. 
B) predict what will happen in the future. 
C) reflect on what they know. 
D) become more socially skilled.

Question 16

The fact that children do not produce strategies spontaneously but can be trained to use them and enhance their performance as a result is called

Accepted Answer

A) production deficiency. 
B) utilization deficiency. 
C) direct instruction. 
D) emulation. 
A) production deficiency. 
B) utilization deficiency. 
C) direct instruction. 
D) emulation.

Question 17

Siegler's adaptive strategy choice model basically adopts ________ and applies it to cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget's theory of cognitive development 
B) Freud's psychoanalytic method 
C) the idea of natural selection from Darwin's theory of evolution 
D) the information processing idea of children as computers 
A) Piaget's theory of cognitive development 
B) Freud's psychoanalytic method 
C) the idea of natural selection from Darwin's theory of evolution 
D) the information processing idea of children as computers

Question 18

Remembering the first-grade class in which you first learned about George Washington is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) episodic memory. 
B) semantic memory. 
C) implicit/procedural memory. 
D) metamemory. 
A) episodic memory. 
B) semantic memory. 
C) implicit/procedural memory. 
D) metamemory.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a reason for a utilization deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Children lack the mental resources needed to both execute a strategy and attend to the problem at hand. 
B) Children may not realize that a strategy is not working for them. 
C) Children may use a new strategy just for the sake of trying something new. 
D) Children may not use a strategy because they tend to underestimate their abilities. 
A) Children lack the mental resources needed to both execute a strategy and attend to the problem at hand. 
B) Children may not realize that a strategy is not working for them. 
C) Children may use a new strategy just for the sake of trying something new. 
D) Children may not use a strategy because they tend to underestimate their abilities.

Question 20

Which of the following best represents the fuzzy-trace theory?

Accepted Answer

A) fragmentation 
B) information processing 
C) intuitionism. 
D) finalism 
A) fragmentation 
B) information processing 
C) intuitionism. 
D) finalism

What is primarily responsible for individual differences in executive functioning?

Using something you already know to help you understand something you do not know yet is

Which of the following is not a finding of Somerville's research in which she asked children's parents to remind them to perform some task in the future?

Regarding cultural differences in how children learn to attend to objects and events, in looking at pictures, Westerners tend to

A 9- or 10-month-old infant would be most likely to use the correct tool to retrieve a toy if

The major category of Lindberg's factors to be considered in evaluating children's eyewitness memory and suggestibility that includes developmental abilities; social, emotional, and cognitive skills; and knowledge base is

Memory refers to the contents of one's mind, whereas remembering refers to the process of bringing that information to consciousness.

All of the following are associated with active rehearsal except

What were the results of the study in which researchers showed 27- to 39-month-old children sequences of actions and interviewed them 6 and 12 months later for their memories of the event?

Which of the following is the most relevant question regarding susceptibility to suggestion?

The similarity on which an analogy is based is

Consistent with the divided-versus-focused-attention hypothesis, in research findings, which were more accurate in performing an absolute task?

In environmental terms, executive functioning is significantly affected by

Which of the following best describes Siegler's adaptive strategy?

According to Nelson, memory has the adaptive value of helping children

The fact that children do not produce strategies spontaneously but can be trained to use them and enhance their performance as a result is called

Siegler's adaptive strategy choice model basically adopts ________ and applies it to cognitive development.

Remembering the first-grade class in which you first learned about George Washington is an example of

Which of the following is not a reason for a utilization deficiency?

Which of the following best represents the fuzzy-trace theory?

Introduction to Child and Adolescent Development

Theories and Contexts of Development

Genetics, Prenatal Development, and the Neonate

Physical Development

What Do Infants Know and When and How Do They Know It

The Symbolic Child: Piagets Theory and Beyond

Understanding Self and Others

Language Development

Intelligence and School Achievement

Emotion, Temperament, and Personality Development

Attachment and Early Parent-Child Care

The Family and Other Contexts for Socialization

Competing and Cooperating With Peers

The Development of Sexuality and Gender Identity

Filters

Exam 8: Becoming Self-Directed Thinkers: Problem Solving and Memory

What is primarily responsible for individual differences in executive functioning?

Using something you already know to help you understand something you do not know yet is

Which of the following is not a finding of Somerville's research in which she asked children's parents to remind them to perform some task in the future?

Regarding cultural differences in how children learn to attend to objects and events, in looking at pictures, Westerners tend to

A 9- or 10-month-old infant would be most likely to use the correct tool to retrieve a toy if

The major category of Lindberg's factors to be considered in evaluating children's eyewitness memory and suggestibility that includes developmental abilities; social, emotional, and cognitive skills; and knowledge base is

Memory refers to the contents of one's mind, whereas remembering refers to the process of bringing that information to consciousness.

All of the following are associated with active rehearsal except

What were the results of the study in which researchers showed 27- to 39-month-old children sequences of actions and interviewed them 6 and 12 months later for their memories of the event?

Which of the following is the most relevant question regarding susceptibility to suggestion?

The similarity on which an analogy is based is

Consistent with the divided-versus-focused-attention hypothesis, in research findings, which were more accurate in performing an absolute task?

In environmental terms, executive functioning is significantly affected by

Which of the following best describes Siegler's adaptive strategy?

According to Nelson, memory has the adaptive value of helping children

The fact that children do not produce strategies spontaneously but can be trained to use them and enhance their performance as a result is called

Siegler's adaptive strategy choice model basically adopts ________ and applies it to cognitive development.

Remembering the first-grade class in which you first learned about George Washington is an example of

Which of the following is not a reason for a utilization deficiency?

Which of the following best represents the fuzzy-trace theory?

Introduction to Child and Adolescent Development

Theories and Contexts of Development

Genetics, Prenatal Development, and the Neonate

Physical Development

What Do Infants Know and When and How Do They Know It

The Symbolic Child: Piagets Theory and Beyond

Understanding Self and Others

Language Development

Intelligence and School Achievement

Emotion, Temperament, and Personality Development

Attachment and Early Parent-Child Care

The Family and Other Contexts for Socialization

Competing and Cooperating With Peers

The Development of Sexuality and Gender Identity

Filters