Exam 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory

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Research has shown that individuals with low resting ​heart rates may seek out dangerous and arousing behaviors to compensate for their biological condition.

(True/False)
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According to life course view, even as toddlers, people begin relationships and behaviors that may determine their entire life course

(True/False)
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Life course theorists examine offending patterns and trends. Terrie Moffit describes adolescent-limited offenders as ______.

(Multiple Choice)
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How do life course theorists view criminality?

(Multiple Choice)
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________________ refers to a person's ability to exercise restraint and control over his or her feelings, emotions, reactions, and behaviors.

(Short Answer)
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Laub and Sampson identify life events that enable adult offenders to desist from crime. Accordingly, they identify transitions as short-term events embedded in ______.

(Multiple Choice)
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The propensity to commit crime is stable; those who have it continue to commit crime over their life course. This is known as ____________________.

(Short Answer)
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Which of the following statements regarding gender differences and the general theory of crime is accurate?

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Positive, life-sustaining relations with individuals and institutions are known as _______________.

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Trajectory theories assume there is more than one type of criminal and more than one criminal path.

(True/False)
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Which of the following is not one of the significant life-changing events that reduces criminality, according to Laub and Sampson?

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Developmental theories attempt to provide a natural history of criminal careers by encompassing ______.

(Multiple Choice)
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Criminal career trajectories cannot be reversed even if life conditions improve.

(True/False)
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Problem behavior syndrome is traditionally broken into three subcategories; these categories include behavioral, environmental, and personal perceptions.

(True/False)
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Life course theories integrate personal, social, socialization, situational, and cognitive factors to explain human behavior. Personality and intelligence are __________ factors that can explain the onset and continuation of criminality.

(Multiple Choice)
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Doctors have told Catherine's parents that her behavior is lacking thought or deliberation in decision making. This behavior would be considered ______.

(Multiple Choice)
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Late bloomers combine psychopathology with risk-taking behavior and poor social skills.

(True/False)
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Using data from a longitudinal study of Pittsburgh youth, Loeber identified distinct pathways to crime. Which pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior?

(Multiple Choice)
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The concept of population heterogeneity assumes that the propensity of an individual to participate in antisocial and/or criminal behaviors is an ever-evolving trait, changing frequently and increasing in severity.

(True/False)
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Measures of neuropsychological deficits, birth complications, and low birth weight all have found to have no significant impact on self-control.

(True/False)
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