Exam 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory

People with limited self-control tend to be impulsive. ​

_______________ suggests there are multiple trajectories or paths into a criminal career and that there are subgroups within a population that follow distinctively different developmental routes toward and away from a criminal career.

The tendency of prior social problems to produce future ones that accumulate and undermine success are known as ________________.

Racial disparity in the criminal justice system helps put minority group members at a disadvantage, increasing the likelihood that they will become embedded in criminal careers.

Research has found that children who are shy, or sometimes referred to as loners, are least likely to be abstainers and engage in higher rates of criminal activity as technological advances allow them to commit crime behind closed doors.

___________ theory is the view that a stable unchanging feature or characteristic, such as defective intelligence, makes people crime prone over the life course.

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to inadequate child-rearing practices by parents.

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to ______.

_____________ is the view that kids who begin engaging in antisocial behaviors at a very young age are the ones most at risk for a criminal career.

Adolescents who do not engage in any deviant behavior, a path that places them outside of the norm for their age group, are referred to as abstainers.

__________________________​ theory focuses on changes in criminality over the time brought about by shifts in experience and events which occur as one ages.

According to psychologist Terrie Moffitt, _________________ are kids who get into minor scrapes as youth but whose misbehavior ends when they enter adulthood.

The crime and human nature model proposes that biological and psychological traits influence the crime-non-crime choice.

Latent trait theories assume that a _______________ exists that guides human development.

The __________________ pathway escalates to aggressive acts beginning with aggression and leading to physical fighting and eventually violent crime.

The integrative methodology in the early research of __________ formed the basis of today's developmental approach.

Which of the following statements is inaccurate in terms of the empirical research supporting Laub and Sampson's age-graded theory?

A pathway to a criminal career that begins with minor aggression and eventually escalates to violent crime.

Why is early onset an important factor in crime?

Gottfredson and Hirschi claim that the principles of self-control theory ______.