Exam 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory

In regard to the subcategories of problem behavior syndrome, family dysfunction, unemployment, and school misconduct all are examples of _______________ problem behaviors.

According to Sampson and Laub, _________________ refer to the life-changing events that alter the development of a criminal career.

The early onset of antisocial behavior strongly predicts later and more serious criminality.

Lacking in thought or deliberation in decision making, an _________ person lacks close attention to details, has organizational problems, and is distracted easily.

While problem behavior syndrome is linked to violent criminal activity, there is no explanatory research linking PBS to impulsiveness, low self ego, and drug abuse.

According to Wilson and Herrnstein's crime and human nature view, a criminal incident occurs when an individual chooses criminal over conventional behavior. What factor influences that choice?

Latent trait theorists believe human development is controlled by a master trait present at birth or soon after that results in ______.

The general theory of crime links the propensity to commit crime to low intelligence and body build.

If Catherine's criminal behavior began with minor behavior (shoplifting, lying) and eventually escalated to more serious forms of criminality, such as using stolen credit cards or dealing drugs, she most likely would be considered as taking which of the following pathways?

Gottfredson and Hirschi's developmental theory that links crime and impulsivity and a lack of self-control is known as _____________.

Which is an inaccurate statement about problem behaviors and problem behavior syndrome?

Developmental theories attempt to explain the natural history of a criminal career encompassing its onset, continuation, and termination.

In regard to public policy initiatives with developmental theory, programs aimed at strengthening children's social-emotional skills have been the least successful.

Life-course persisters may be considered "typical teenagers" who get into minor scrapes, first in adolescence and, later, in adulthood.

Sampson and Laub's research indicates that building __________ and strong social bonds reduces the likelihood of long-term deviance.

Loeber's covert pathway begins with minor, underhanded behaviors, such as lying and shoplifting.

Adolescents who do not engage in any deviant behavior, a path which places them outside the norm for their age group are called ______.

Cognitive frameworks known as ______________ help people quickly process and sort though information.

One of the key principles of life course theory is that ______.

A major criticism of the general theory of crime is that it fails to explain racial and gender differences in crime.